2022-2023学年人教版（2019）必修二：Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading and Thinking 学案（含解析）
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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Reading and Thinking
一、词汇运用
1.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
the chief engineer 总工程师
the chief architect 总建筑师
拓展：
an editor－in－chief→editors－in－chief 总编辑
a sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹
a brother-in-law→brothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫
a grown-up→grown-ups成年人
2.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 puzzlement n.迷惑，困惑
be in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑
solve a puzzle 解开谜团
crossword puzzle 填字游戏
puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)
词语积累：
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的
puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑
-ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等；-ing形容词常说明事物的性质
wear a puzzled expression带着疑惑的表情
a puzzling fact令人费解的事实
3.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近(没有比较等级)
live nearby 住在附近
a nearby town 附近的一个城镇
拓展：
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆
4.defence n.防御；保卫 defend v.防御，保护；辩解，辩护
in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对……的防御物
flood defences 防洪设施
come to one's defence 出来保护某人
词语积累：
defend...from/against...保护……免受……
defend oneself against...为自己辩护
The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。
5.legal adj.法律的；合法的 legally adv.合法地
legal rights 合法权利
legal documents 法律文件
the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系
take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议
over the legal limit 超过法定值
a legal adviser 法律顾问
reach the legal age for drinking 到达喝酒的法定年龄
legal fees 律师费用
拓展：
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
illegal drugs违禁药品
illegal activities非法活动
illegal printing matter非法印刷品
illegal publishing非法出版
illegal publications非法出版物
il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”
6.surround vt.围绕；包围 surrounding adj.附近的，四周的 surroundings n.环境(复数)
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surrounding atmosphere 周围空气
surrounding area 周围地区
surrounding environment 周围环境
beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境
拓展：
surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍
enjoy/admire the surroundings 欣赏环境
get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境
7.evidence n.证据；根据；证明 evident adj.明显的，显然的 evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地
look for/search for evidence 寻找证据
find evidence 找到证据
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
hide evidence 隐藏证据
give evidence (出庭)作证
medical evidence 医学证据
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
It is evident that...＝Evidently, ... 很明显……
There is (some) evidence that... 有(一些)证据表明……(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)
8.achievement n.成就；成绩；达到 achieve vt.实现；(经过努力)取得，达到 achievable adj.可实现的，可达到的
make an achievement 取得成就
a great/remarkable achievement 伟大的/了不起的成就
quite an achievement 一项了不起的成就
the achievement of one's aim 某人目标的实现
a sense of achievement 成就感
achieve success/victory 获得成功/胜利
achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标
achieve one's dream 实现梦想
拓展：
one's achievement in... 某人在……方面的成就
make an achievement/achievements in doing sth. 在做某事方面取得成就
9.location n.地方；地点；位置 locate vt.找出……的准确位置
the exact/precise location 确切位置
the geographical location 地理位置
the location of the factory 工厂的位置
a convenient/an ideal/a suitable location 方便的/理想的/合适的位置
词语积累：
(1)locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
locate Berlin on the map在地图上找出柏林的位置
(2)located adj.处于；位于；坐落在
学法点拨：
位于……
10.battle n.战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
(1)n.战役；搏斗
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a(n)...battle 打……的仗
accept the battle 应战
(2)vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争
battle for equal rights 为争取同等权利而战
battle for justice 为正义而斗争
battle for life 为生存而战
拓展：
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
fight for...为……而战
struggle for...为……而斗争
struggle agaist...与……作斗争
11.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住 fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
a fascinating place 迷人的地方
a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事
look/sound fascinating 看上去/听起来迷人
be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷
拓展：
fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住
sth. fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人
sb. is fascinated by/with sth.某人对……着迷
be struck by...被……所迷住/打动
二、同步练习
（一）
1.There is no ________ (证据) to support this theory.
2.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to______________ (征服) other parts of the world.
3.Though they all live ________ (在附近), I lost contact with them really quickly.
4.She knew the exact ________ (位置) of the college.
5.You can exchange your _________ (货币) for dollars in the hotel.
（二）
6.The scenery there is so _____ (fascinate) that it is totally beyond description.
7.Looking back, Diana owes her _____ (achieve) to the goal she set, and above all, the efforts she made.
8.Men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in _____ (defend) of their own homes.
9.________ (surround) by rows of trees, our school stands out from all the other buildings.
10.In that country, children under sixteen are not _____ (legal) allowed to buy cigarettes.
答案以及解析
二、
（一）
1.答案：evidence
2.答案：conquer
3.答案：nearby
4.答案：location
5.答案：currency
（二）
6.答案：fascinating
7.答案：achievements
8.答案：defence
9.答案：Surrounded
10.答案：legally
Reading and Thinking
一、词汇运用
1.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
the chief engineer 总工程师
the chief architect 总建筑师
拓展：
an editor－in－chief→editors－in－chief 总编辑
a sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹
a brother-in-law→brothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫
a grown-up→grown-ups成年人
2.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 puzzlement n.迷惑，困惑
be in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑
solve a puzzle 解开谜团
crossword puzzle 填字游戏
puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)
词语积累：
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的
puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑
-ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等；-ing形容词常说明事物的性质
wear a puzzled expression带着疑惑的表情
a puzzling fact令人费解的事实
3.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近(没有比较等级)
live nearby 住在附近
a nearby town 附近的一个城镇
拓展：
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆
4.defence n.防御；保卫 defend v.防御，保护；辩解，辩护
in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对……的防御物
flood defences 防洪设施
come to one's defence 出来保护某人
词语积累：
defend...from/against...保护……免受……
defend oneself against...为自己辩护
The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。
5.legal adj.法律的；合法的 legally adv.合法地
legal rights 合法权利
legal documents 法律文件
the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系
take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议
over the legal limit 超过法定值
a legal adviser 法律顾问
reach the legal age for drinking 到达喝酒的法定年龄
legal fees 律师费用
拓展：
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
illegal drugs违禁药品
illegal activities非法活动
illegal printing matter非法印刷品
illegal publishing非法出版
illegal publications非法出版物
il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”
6.surround vt.围绕；包围 surrounding adj.附近的，四周的 surroundings n.环境(复数)
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surrounding atmosphere 周围空气
surrounding area 周围地区
surrounding environment 周围环境
beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境
拓展：
surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍
enjoy/admire the surroundings 欣赏环境
get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境
7.evidence n.证据；根据；证明 evident adj.明显的，显然的 evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地
look for/search for evidence 寻找证据
find evidence 找到证据
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
hide evidence 隐藏证据
give evidence (出庭)作证
medical evidence 医学证据
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
It is evident that...＝Evidently, ... 很明显……
There is (some) evidence that... 有(一些)证据表明……(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)
8.achievement n.成就；成绩；达到 achieve vt.实现；(经过努力)取得，达到 achievable adj.可实现的，可达到的
make an achievement 取得成就
a great/remarkable achievement 伟大的/了不起的成就
quite an achievement 一项了不起的成就
the achievement of one's aim 某人目标的实现
a sense of achievement 成就感
achieve success/victory 获得成功/胜利
achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标
achieve one's dream 实现梦想
拓展：
one's achievement in... 某人在……方面的成就
make an achievement/achievements in doing sth. 在做某事方面取得成就
9.location n.地方；地点；位置 locate vt.找出……的准确位置
the exact/precise location 确切位置
the geographical location 地理位置
the location of the factory 工厂的位置
a convenient/an ideal/a suitable location 方便的/理想的/合适的位置
词语积累：
(1)locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
locate Berlin on the map在地图上找出柏林的位置
(2)located adj.处于；位于；坐落在
学法点拨：
位于……
10.battle n.战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
(1)n.战役；搏斗
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a(n)...battle 打……的仗
accept the battle 应战
(2)vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争
battle for equal rights 为争取同等权利而战
battle for justice 为正义而斗争
battle for life 为生存而战
拓展：
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
fight for...为……而战
struggle for...为……而斗争
struggle agaist...与……作斗争
11.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住 fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
a fascinating place 迷人的地方
a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事
look/sound fascinating 看上去/听起来迷人
be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷
拓展：
fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住
sth. fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人
sb. is fascinated by/with sth.某人对……着迷
be struck by...被……所迷住/打动
二、同步练习
（一）
1.There is no ________ (证据) to support this theory.
2.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to______________ (征服) other parts of the world.
3.Though they all live ________ (在附近), I lost contact with them really quickly.
4.She knew the exact ________ (位置) of the college.
5.You can exchange your _________ (货币) for dollars in the hotel.
（二）
6.The scenery there is so _____ (fascinate) that it is totally beyond description.
7.Looking back, Diana owes her _____ (achieve) to the goal she set, and above all, the efforts she made.
8.Men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in _____ (defend) of their own homes.
9.________ (surround) by rows of trees, our school stands out from all the other buildings.
10.In that country, children under sixteen are not _____ (legal) allowed to buy cigarettes.
答案以及解析
二、
（一）
1.答案：evidence
2.答案：conquer
3.答案：nearby
4.答案：location
5.答案：currency
（二）
6.答案：fascinating
7.答案：achievements
8.答案：defence
9.答案：Surrounded
10.答案：legally