人教版（2019）必修二：Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 学案（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修二：Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 学案（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-01 12:29:14 | ||
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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Discovering Useful Structures
一、语法指南
过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时的位置。
（1）一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。
*The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. (前置定语)
污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。
*Many used cars are on sale now, and you can go to find a good one.(前置定语)
很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。
（2）过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。
*The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.(后置定语)
被日常废物污染的河水现在又脏又臭。
*His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading.(后置定语)
他的小说深受读者欢迎，很值得读。
2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。
（1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。
*I don't like the book written by Martin (＝which was written by Martin)．
我不喜欢马丁写的这部书。
*Our class went on a trip organized by our school (＝which was organized by our school) last Monday.
上周一我们班参加了一次学校组织的旅行。
（2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
*The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground in fall.
秋天时，小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。
*The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
3.过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性的定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
*The bridge, built last year (＝which was built last year), is in use now.
这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。
*Paper cuts, used for religious purposes (＝which are used for religious purposes), can be bought in the store.
用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。
过去分词作宾语补足语
1.用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
*Many passers-by saw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday.
昨天很多路人看见路边的一棵树被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
*When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.
当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。
2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
*He spoke English slowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad.
在国外旅行期间，他说英语的语速很慢，尽力让人们理解自己的意思。
*When he was working, he liked keeping the door of his room closed.
当他工作时，他喜欢关着房间的门。
*He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
*He nearly/almost had his legs broken while he was riding a horse the other day.
几天前当他骑马时，他的腿差点摔断。
【易错精点】
“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”结构的含义：
（1）表示主语请别人做某事；
（2）表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事情；
（3）表示普通的被动含义，意为“使得……”。
3.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
*With his speech finished, he sat down and went on to listen to the others' speeches.
结束了自己的演讲后，他坐下继续听其他人的演讲。
*The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
【易错精点】
“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、方式、时间、条件等。
4.用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。
*The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
*The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible.
老板命令计划尽可能快地被执行。
*She expected a necklace bought as a gift for her birthday.
她希望有人买一条项链送给她作生日礼物。
二、同步练习
（一）
1.She observed her books _________(turn) upside down.
2.I don't want my children ________ (take) out in such weather.
3.In the job interviews, some applicants often find themselves __________ (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.
4.Many __________ (use) computers will be sold in this market.
5.I must have my watch ________ (repair) for it doesn't work.
（二）
6.恐怖袭击使得这座城市成为废墟。
The terrorist attack _______ the city _______ _______.
7.他已经让人检查了那些东西，它们现在都是安全的。
He has got the things _______, and they are safe now.
8.有那么多人受伤，我们得多找些医生。
With ______ ______ ______ ______, we have to find more doctors.
9.我听到有人叫我的名字。
I heard my name _______.
10.湖面上点缀着各种颜色的帆船。
The lake ______ ______ ______ sailboats of different colours.
答案以及解析
二、
（一）
1.答案：turned
2.答案：taken
3.答案：asked
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 在求职面试中, 一些求职者经常发现自己被问到意想不到的问题, 有些很难回答。themselves与ask之间为被动关系, 因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4.答案：used
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 许多二手电脑将在这个市场上出售。computers与use之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词作前置定语。
5.答案：repaired
（二）
6.答案：left, in ruins
7.答案：examined
8.答案：so many people injured
9.答案：called
10.答案：is dotted with
Discovering Useful Structures
一、语法指南
过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时的位置。
（1）一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。
*The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. (前置定语)
污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。
*Many used cars are on sale now, and you can go to find a good one.(前置定语)
很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。
（2）过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。
*The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.(后置定语)
被日常废物污染的河水现在又脏又臭。
*His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading.(后置定语)
他的小说深受读者欢迎，很值得读。
2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。
（1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。
*I don't like the book written by Martin (＝which was written by Martin)．
我不喜欢马丁写的这部书。
*Our class went on a trip organized by our school (＝which was organized by our school) last Monday.
上周一我们班参加了一次学校组织的旅行。
（2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
*The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground in fall.
秋天时，小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。
*The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
3.过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性的定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
*The bridge, built last year (＝which was built last year), is in use now.
这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。
*Paper cuts, used for religious purposes (＝which are used for religious purposes), can be bought in the store.
用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。
过去分词作宾语补足语
1.用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
*Many passers-by saw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday.
昨天很多路人看见路边的一棵树被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
*When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.
当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。
2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
*He spoke English slowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad.
在国外旅行期间，他说英语的语速很慢，尽力让人们理解自己的意思。
*When he was working, he liked keeping the door of his room closed.
当他工作时，他喜欢关着房间的门。
*He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
*He nearly/almost had his legs broken while he was riding a horse the other day.
几天前当他骑马时，他的腿差点摔断。
【易错精点】
“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”结构的含义：
（1）表示主语请别人做某事；
（2）表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事情；
（3）表示普通的被动含义，意为“使得……”。
3.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
*With his speech finished, he sat down and went on to listen to the others' speeches.
结束了自己的演讲后，他坐下继续听其他人的演讲。
*The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
【易错精点】
“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、方式、时间、条件等。
4.用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。
*The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
*The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible.
老板命令计划尽可能快地被执行。
*She expected a necklace bought as a gift for her birthday.
她希望有人买一条项链送给她作生日礼物。
二、同步练习
（一）
1.She observed her books _________(turn) upside down.
2.I don't want my children ________ (take) out in such weather.
3.In the job interviews, some applicants often find themselves __________ (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.
4.Many __________ (use) computers will be sold in this market.
5.I must have my watch ________ (repair) for it doesn't work.
（二）
6.恐怖袭击使得这座城市成为废墟。
The terrorist attack _______ the city _______ _______.
7.他已经让人检查了那些东西，它们现在都是安全的。
He has got the things _______, and they are safe now.
8.有那么多人受伤，我们得多找些医生。
With ______ ______ ______ ______, we have to find more doctors.
9.我听到有人叫我的名字。
I heard my name _______.
10.湖面上点缀着各种颜色的帆船。
The lake ______ ______ ______ sailboats of different colours.
答案以及解析
二、
（一）
1.答案：turned
2.答案：taken
3.答案：asked
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 在求职面试中, 一些求职者经常发现自己被问到意想不到的问题, 有些很难回答。themselves与ask之间为被动关系, 因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4.答案：used
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 许多二手电脑将在这个市场上出售。computers与use之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词作前置定语。
5.答案：repaired
（二）
6.答案：left, in ruins
7.答案：examined
8.答案：so many people injured
9.答案：called
10.答案：is dotted with