How to make predictions
英语阅读是学生获取知识和发展自我的重要手段,而预测在英语阅读中起着重要作用。阅读前我们可以通过标题、图片及其它相关信息来预测课文内容,有效激活我们已有的知识和经验,从而加深对文章的理解。
一、从标题和图片预测文章主题
标题常被比作文章的“眼睛”,统领全文,关联着全文的脉络,因此标题能带出文章的内容和脉络。从教材文本标题 “LIVING LEGENDS”、小 标 题“Lang Ping”和“Michael Jordan”及图片上显示的篮球、足球、高尔夫球等,我们可预测本文主要介绍体育传奇人物——中国的排球明星郎平和美国的篮球明星迈克尔·乔丹。
二、从引言预测文章要点
介绍人物时可以从外貌特征、语言描写、动作描写、心理描写及人物典型的事例等不同角度展开。从引言中They must be athletes who are masters ... also set good examples for others可知,传奇人物必须具备masters和set good examples for others的特征。那么,我们可以预测文章有可能从人物取得的主要成就、具备哪些令人钦佩的优秀品质及为国家或社会做出哪些贡献等方面展开介绍。
培养预测能力可以提高同学们对阅读课的兴趣,并为终身学习打下良好基础。词汇归纳
以下是编辑归纳的本单元的一些重要词块,请同学们根据提示写出相应的中/英文。
Sports 1. ____________________ 假装摔倒 2. ____________________ 尽他/她的力去赢 3. ____________________ 为某人的国家而战 4. ____________________ 为她的祖国赢得荣誉
Health 5. ____________________ 锻炼 6. ____________________ 停止做(或使用、食用) 7. ____________________ 积极看待自己 8. ____________________ 在我的三餐中添加健康食品
Others 9. ____________________ 跟随;到达;进步;赶快 10. ____________________ 获得成功;准时到达 11. ____________________ 有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚 12. ____________________ 即使;虽然 13. ____________________ 有作用或影响 14. ____________________ 而不是 15. now and then ____________________ 16. ____________________ 与······比较 17. ____________________ 树立榜样 18. ____________________ 破裂;破碎;崩溃 19. ____________________ 丧失信心;泄气 20. ____________________ 放弃;投降
参考答案:
1. pretend to fall down
2. do his / her best to win
3. compete for one’s country
4. bring honour and glory to her country
5. work out
6. cut out
7. be positive about oneself
8. add healthy foods to my meals
9. come along
10. make it
11. make sense
12. even if / though
13. make a difference
14. rather than
15. 有时;偶尔
pare ... with / to ...
17. set an example
18. fall apart
19. lose heart
20. give up人物指称词语运用特点分析
本单元的课文介绍中国的排球明星郎平和美国的篮球明星迈克尔·乔丹这两位举世闻名的体育人物,歌颂他们优秀的个人品质和高尚的体育精神。语篇类型属于人物记叙文。
作者在首次引入某个人物时,一般会使用人物的全名或完整的名词短语,以后再次提及时,多使用人物的简称、人称代词、指示代词及所有格代词。这些词语与语篇上文提及的全称性的人名或名词短语共同指称同一个人物话题,协助人物话题的继续推进。
课文中的人物指称词语大致符合此规律,如首次提到郎平和重新引入郎平时,使用的都是郎平的全称人名Lang Ping,在同一人物话题下,下文再次提及郎平时,则使用了各种代词,如she、her等。乔丹的人物指称词语也基本符合这一规律,如首次指称乔丹时,作者使用了Michael Jordan,再次提及使用了The player、Jordan’s、Jordan、he、his等词语。语篇中的次要人物,甚至包括团体组织在内的指称词语的使用也符合此规律,如the China women’s volleyball team → the Chinese team → The team,young players → they。
同学们掌握了关于人物的指称词语的使用规律,对人物记叙类文章的理解会有一定的帮助。如何用英语写对比类文章
【写作任务】
你校英语报Wellness栏目现面向全校学生征文,主题为“运动给你带来的变化”。请你用英语写一篇120词左右的短文投稿。
【写作指导】
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求用英语写一篇短文,介绍运动给你带来的变化,属于对比类文章。主题语境为人与自我,倡导健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度。人称以第一人称为主,时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。
二、拟定提纲
本写作可分为三部分:
第一部分:总体介绍;
第二部分:运动前后的你;
第三部分:你的感想。
三、搜集素材
★ 单词:hiking, change, benefit, overweight, sickly ( 带病的,不健康的), anxious, confident, positive, happy ...
★ 短语:have a strong preference for, junk food, outdoor activities, make up my mind, build myself up, pick up, lose weight, play an important role in, bring about ...
★ 句子:
I’ve benefited much from ...
I loved junk food and spent little time doing exercise.
I became overweight and sickly.
I didn’t pass the 800-metre race.
It made me anxious.
I made up my mind to build myself up.
It has made great changes in me.
I realize the importance of doing exercise.
★衔接词
· 表因果关系:because, as, so, thus, therefore, as a result ...
· 表时间顺序:first of all, firstly; then, secondly; finally, in the end, at last ...
· 表递进关系:what’s more, worse still, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition ...
· 表转折关系:but, yet, however, on the contrary ...
四、撰写草稿
按照列出的提纲,使用搜集的素材扩展每个部分,完成初稿。
★第一部分:总体介绍。
I’ve benefited much from hiking. It has changed my life.
★第二部分:运动前后的你。
While at junior high school, I loved junk food and spent little time doing exercise. I became overweight and sickly. I didn’t do well in the 800-metre race. It made me anxious. I made up my mind to build myself up. I decided to hike. It has changed me a lot. I’ve become confident and happy.
★第三部分:你的感想。
I realize the importance of doing exercise. I enjoy the changes and will keep going.
五、修改润色
初稿完成后,为了使文章表达准确、逻辑清楚,需对初稿进行修改润色。如:
1. 使用复合句,用which引导定语从句将两个句子合并,如首段改为I’ve benefited much from hiking, which has made a big difference to me。
2. 用短语代替单词,如make a big difference代替change, have a strong preference for代替love, play an important role in代替importance等。
3. 增加衔接词使上下文更加连贯,如so、 worse still、then、months later、moreover 等。
4. 使用句式,增强文章的感染性,如使用强调句It was then that I made up my mind to build myself up,凸显做出改变的决心。
5. 适当添加细节,充实内容,使文章更有说服力,如like losing weight and getting stronger等。
六、检查定稿
经过修改润色之后,需要再读一遍,以便发现并改正拼写、标点符号和语法上的错误,最后定稿,完成写作。
【范文欣赏】
I’ve benefited much from hiking, which has made a big difference to me. While at junior high school, I had a strong preference for junk food and spent little time doing exercise, so I became overweight and sickly. Worse still, I became the only one who did not finish the 800-metre race in my class, which made me anxious. It was then that I made up my mind to build myself up. To do this I chose to hike. Months later, it has made great changes in me, like losing weight and getting stronger. Moreover, I’ve become confident and happy rather than worried. The experience has helped me realize doing exercise plays an important role in one’s health. I enjoy the changes hiking has brought about and will keep doing it.
【Reflection】你还会从哪些方面对初稿进行修改润色呢?