人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters单元测试题（Word版，含解析）
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Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
IF you can dream — Science & Ideas Festival
launches schools poetry competition
Science Oxford is proud to be supporting this year’s IF Oxford festival and the IF Oxfordshire schools poetry competition especially. The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic.
The poem can be in any poetry style you like. It doesn’t have to rhyme (押韵), but your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science. It could be about a scientific idea or discovery; a science lesson or a scientific problem that is important to you; a famous scientist, or just why you love science!
The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home-schooled in Oxfordshire, and will be judged (评判) in three age categories (类别):
School Years 1-2
School Years 3-6
School Years 7-11
There are lots of prizes on offer. The winning entrant (参赛者) in each age category will receive a copy of The Lost Words by Robert Macfarlane and Jackie Morris.
The classes of the winners of the two primary school categories will win a half-day science show or workshop presented by our amazing education outreach team. The class of the winner of the secondary age category will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
The winners and runners-up (亚军) in all three age categories will have the chance to perform their poem at a special event at the new IF Science and Ideas Festival over the weekend of October 16 /17.
The closing date for entries is April 20. To find out more information visit IF-.
21. Which of the following is a requirement for the poem for the competition
A. It has to rhyme.
B. It has to be written in four lines.
C. It has to be less than 150 words.
D. It has to discuss a single scientific idea.
22. Children who want to enter the competition must _____.
A. study at secondary school
B. be between 5-16 years old
C. be home-schooled in Oxfordshire
D. hand in their poem before October 17
23. What will the class of the winner of the secondary age category win
A. A half-day science show.
B. A copy of The Lost Words.
C. A chance to attend an amazing workshop.
D. A tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
B★★★☆☆
On 26 December, 2004, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake off the Indonesian coast sent a wall of water racing toward Thailand, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Lang was on the island of Ko Phi Phi, just south of Phuket, Thailand, shopping on Main Street with her friend Rubina Wong, when suddenly everything changed. “People started running inland. From where we were, we could not see the beach so we had no idea what was going on. Nobody was saying it’s a tsunami,” she said.
Lang and Rubina started running inland in the same direction as everyone else, when she noticed water racing into the island, but so strong and fast that she could no longer lift her feet to run. Rubina had gone down a side street. Lang never saw her alive again. “At that point I could no longer move and the next thing, I saw a black wall of water. Then it just threw me right off my feet. I didn’t have any feeling except for fear,” she said.
Lang was stuck underwater between debris (碎片) with the surface just above her face. “The more I struggled (挣扎), the tighter I was stuck. I could not reach the surface. I thought I came here on my vacation to die, and then I got really angry,” she said. “I must have blacked out because the next thing I remember is waking up underwater.”
The water was motionless (静止的) and black. Lang looked up and could see at the top, there was a small circle of light. She started swimming through the motionless water and made it to the surface of the water. She pulled herself onto a floating (漂浮的) door and could see that the whole island was flooded and a lot of buildings were gone. She could see a house not far away and a man on its roof. She encouraged herself to climb over floating objects to the balcony (阳台) of the house. From there she saw the water start to slowly go back to the ocean.
24. What was Lang doing when the tsunami happened
A. She was running in a race.
B. She was playing on the beach.
C. She was looking for her friend.
D. She was shopping in the street.
25. Why was Lang unable to run
A. There was a wall in the way.
B. She feared she would get lost.
C. She had to wait for her friend.
D. The racing water was too powerful.
26. What can we learn about Lang from paragraph 3
A. She didn’t want to struggle.
B. She was trapped underwater.
C. She didn’t regret going on vacation.
D. She managed to keep awake in the water.
27. How did Lang manage to save herself
A. By calling for help.
B. By hiding in a house.
C. By climbing up a tall tree.
D. By making use of floating objects.
C★★★☆☆
In the hours after the earthquake that hit Nepal on April 25, 2015, thousands of rescue teams from around the world were sent there to help search for survivors through the ruins. This can be a very tough task, since it can take many hours to safely dig survivors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins.
After spending 80 hours in the ruins of a building outside Kathmandu, Rishi Khanal was pulled out alive by a French search and rescue team. Khanal had been trying to get the attention of rescue workers for days. After the team found him, they spent 10 hours digging him out. The team broke the concrete (混凝土) that trapped Khanal within the building and pulled him up through a hole before carrying him away. Khanal suffered a broken leg.
“What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of finding survivors. It seemed he survived by willpower,” said Akhilesh Shrestha, a doctor who treated Khanal.
Meanwhile, rescues of a different kind were taking place on Mount Qomolangma.
On the border (边境) between Nepal and its northern neighbor China, more than 100 people were trying to climb Mount Qomolangma when the earthquake hit. 19 people were killed when an avalanche (雪崩) caused by the earthquake hit hundreds of tents (帐篷) at base camp. At least 61 people were injured.
The surviving climbers, who were stranded (滞留) in two different camps both above 21,000 feet, have all been rescued and returned to base camp. Small helicopters carried the climbers down the mountain in groups of four or five. Landing on Qomolangma long enough to pick up a passenger is dangerous even in good conditions, and helicopters could not touch down for more than 30 seconds to pick up passengers.
28. What does the underlined word “tough” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Quick.
B. Difficult.
C. Important.
D. Dangerous.
29. What did Akhilesh Shrestha say about Khanal’s survival
A. It was thanks to Khanal’s work as a doctor.
B. It depended on the rescue team’s efforts.
C. It was thought to be almost impossible.
D. It encouraged other injured people.
30. What caused the death of the 19 climbers
A. A powerful avalanche.
B. Bad weather conditions.
C. Serious mountain sickness.
D. A shortage of food and water.
31. Which of the following can best describe the work of rescuing climbers
A. Risky and hopeless.
B. Smooth and creative.
C. Meaningful but boring.
D. Challenging but successful.
D★★★★☆
On August 27, 1883, just after 10 a. m., the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia made the loudest sound known to history. It sent sound waves around the world four times and could be heard 3,000 miles away on the island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean. That, for the purpose of comparison, is the same as Californians hearing a noise made in New York. In Rodrigues, as in other faraway places, the noise was taken to be cannon (大炮) fire. In Western Australia, 2,000 miles away, people thought war had erupted.
The sound was so powerful that it ruptured (使破裂) the eardrums (鼓膜) of people working on a British ship 40 miles from the eruption. “This is so surprisingly loud,” writer Aatish Bhatia noted in Discover magazine post.
The Krakatoa eruption was one of history’s deadliest natural disasters. More than 36,400 people died, from lava flows (熔岩流) that raced at 60 miles per hour and tsunamis that reached a height of 120 feet and destroyed some 165 coastal villages.
Volcanic matter thrown into the air caused sunsets so strange that people in New York, Connecticut and other places called the fire department, fearing fires had broken out. In the year following the eruption, the average (平均的) temperature around the world fell by 1.2 degrees Celsius (℃), and the earth remained unusually cool for about five more years.
Little was left of Krakatoa after the eruption. In 1927, a volcanic island known as Anak Krakatoa was formed at the site of the big eruption. It is an active volcano. An eruption in December 2018 caused a tsunami that killed more than 400 people.
32. Why are places like Rodrigues and Western Australia mentioned in paragraph 1
A. To draw attention to big volcanic eruptions.
B. To show how loud the Krakatoa eruption was.
C. To explain the damage the Krakatoa eruption caused.
D. To introduce where volcanic eruptions are more common.
33. What do we know about the people on the ship near the eruption
A. They were troubled by cannon fire.
B. They suffered ruptured eardrums.
C. They thought war had broken out.
D. They were killed by volcanic matter.
34. What happened after the Krakatoa eruption
A. Fires broke out in many places around the world.
B. Bigger eruptions came in the following years.
C. The average global temperature dropped.
D. A new volcanic island appeared soon.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. The noisiest volcanic eruption in history.
B. The deadly natural disasters in the world.
C. The strange birth of an island in Indonesia.
D. The most terrible tsunami in Krakatoa.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In recent years, the world has seen a number of natural disasters: hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U. S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons ( 季风雨) in southern Asia. These events brought damage to communities. 36
The best thing to do when facing a coming natural disaster is to pay attention to your area’s evacuation notices and take advantage of evacuation help. 37 When faced with those situations, what should you do to stay safe How can you be better prepared
Every family should have an emergency plan that addresses the most likely disasters in their area. Practical survival skills should also be part of every family’s plan. 38 This is because you simply won’t have time to read a survival book during an emergency.
39 A little fear is a natural and healthy response (反应) to a frightening event. But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done.
Is it best to wait in place for help or search for help That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are. 40 If you think you’re not going to be able to survive where you are, you’re better off trying to move toward where there are other people. Because people are going to help you, in most cases.
A. There are some basic things you must have.
B. It also depends on if you need to move or not.
C. Know what possible dangers could come in your area.
D. However, it’s possible to be caught by an unexpected emergency.
E. These skills need to be learned and practiced before things get hard.
F. Staying calm is the most important thing a person can do during any emergency.
G. They also brought questions about what we can do to prepare ourselves for similar events.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★★☆☆
On May 12, 2008, a deadly earthquake rocked 23-year-old Liao Zhi’s apartment building in Sichuan, causing it to fall down.
Among the debris, Ms Liao, a dancer, heard the search and rescue team 41 her, but she didn’t have the energy (力气) to 42 . Then she heard her father calling her name. She thought: “I must 43 my father again.”
She made it out alive after being trapped for 30 hours but she 44 everything: Her home, her daughter and both her legs.
In the hospital, she managed to bear the pain and 45 with other patients.
They asked her: “How are you still laughing at this point ”
“Because I am still 46 ,” she replied.
Two months after the earthquake, she was asked if she wanted to take up dancing 47 . At the time, she was still in recovery (康复), but that did not stop her determination. “I 48 to get on the stage (舞台) one more time,” she said.
However, from treatment to the adjusting (适应) of prosthetic limbs (义肢), Ms Liao said it was a(n) 49 journey. “It was common to be in so much pain,” she said.
After seeing many patients couldn’t adjust to their prosthetic legs, Ms Liao almost 50 the wheelchair.
“I had to be 51 everywhere: To the shower, to the bathroom ... I didn’t have any 52 .”
In the end, she refused to 53 anyone and decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted.
Today, she can be seen dancing and rock-climbing.
“It’s easy to lose 54 in difficult situations,” she said. “I was that close to giving up many times — but I am 55 I didn’t.”
41. A. praising B. treating
C. looking for D. running after
42. A. exercise B. try
C. answer D. dance
43. A. help B. see
C. follow D. find
44. A. lost B. needed
C. remembered D. knew
45. A. competed B. walked
C. worked D. joked
46. A. satisfied B. healthy
C. alive D. amazed
47. A. again B. too
C. instead D. soon
48. A. refused B. wanted
C. promised D. failed
49. A. important B. short
C. difficult D. dangerous
50. A. discovered B. received
C. changed D. chose
51. A. carried B. sent
C. encouraged D. welcomed
52. A. right B. freedom
C. idea D. time
53. A. learn from B. talk with
C. care about D. depend on
54. A. interest B. power
C. hope D. trust
55. A. afraid B. glad
C. surprised D. sure
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a surfer (冲浪运动员), Jon Rose has personal ties to the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey 56. ________ (strike) hardest by Hurricane Sandy. When he learned a friend’s restaurant had been destroyed by the storm, he chose 57. ________ (bring) his clean water organization, Waves For Water, to help with recovery efforts. In an interview, he shared his disaster relief plan and the most satisfying part of his experience.
“As we were getting more information from 58. ________ (difference) communities up and down the coastline, I considered 59. ________ (develop) a plan that could be used in each community. I made a three-step plan for addressing this disaster. I wrote it out, put it on our site, and ... within a week’s time, we 60. ________ (have) support coming in.”
“The first step is distributing (分配) supplies. I have storehouses in New York and New Jersey 61. ________ were able to receive things. Then we set up relief centers where we would give out supplies.”
“The second step is clearing debris. You’re either cleaning out houses, or people have already cleaned out 62. ________ (they) houses and you’re trying to clean away the rubbish.”
“The third step is rebuilding. We’ve got 10 sites that we’re rebuilding but we still have a large amount of work to do. We almost have 63. ________ (much) work now than we did six months ago.”
“There’s always 64. ________ sense of achievement when you’re able to change someone’s state. There’s an obvious physical change; you look 65. ________ somebody and go, ‘Wow, you look 20 years younger; you’re back on your feet.’”
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，上周五你校举办了主题为“预防森林火灾”的校园活动。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 参加人员；
2. 活动内容：观看短片、制作黑板报；
3. 活动反响。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Why did Dad’s job make us move to South America anyway ” I asked Mom. “The TV shows are in Spanish and I miss going to school. The worst part is that I don’t have any friends here. All of the kids speak Spanish.”
“I know it’s hard, sweetheart. I’m lonely here too,” Mom said.
“It’s hard to make friends when I can’t talk to anybody.”
Mom hugged (拥抱) me. “We’ll only be living here for eight more months.”
At that moment, eight months sounded like forever. A few days later, Dad said that a man at his work had a daughter my age. “Would you like to invite her over to play ”
“Does she speak English ”
“No,” Dad said, “but I can teach you a few Spanish words so the two of you can talk a little bit.”
I shrugged (耸肩). “It’s hard to be friends with someone when you can’t really talk to them.”
Dad nodded. “I understand, but you wished for a friend.”
“I mean a friend who speaks English.”
“I know, but this might be fun anyway. I’m going to ask her dad to bring her over to our house.”
The following afternoon, Maria and her dad came over. I felt funny because I didn’t know how we’d play together without being able to talk to one another.
“Hola,” I said quietly, which means “hi” in Spanish.
Maria smiled and said something I didn’t understand. I looked at Dad and whispered (低声说), “This isn’t going to work.”
“Give it a chance,” he said.
Then Maria showed me a cardboard box. She’d brought a game called Connect Four.
Dad smiled. “You don’t need to speak the same language to play that game.”
Maria and I went to my bedroom and set up the game. We took turns putting the colored disks (圆片) into the board, trying to get four in a row. Suddenly Maria smiled and pointed at the four red pieces in a row.
I smiled and said, “You won. Good game.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Although I’m sure Maria didn’t understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile.
As we were both laughing, I realized that although we spoke different languages, I’d actually made a friend.
参考答案
听力（略）
21-25 CBDDD 26-30 BDBCA
31-35 DBBCA 36-40 GDEFB
41-45 CCBAD 46-50 CABCD 51-55 ABDCB
56. struck 57. to bring 58. different 59. developing 60. had
61. which / that 62. their 63. mor e 64. a 65. at
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Last Friday, our school held an activity about forest fire prevention. Over 500 teachers and students took part.
First, we watched several short videos about how forest fires start, how dangerous they can be and what to do to prevent them. Then, each class designed their own blackboard newspaper showing the dangers of forest fires and actions we should take in our daily life to prevent forest fires.
The students thought the activity was meaningful because it let them realize forest fires can be deadly but they can do something to prevent and control them.
第二节
One possible version:
Although I’m sure Maria didn’t understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile. When we were done playing the game, Maria pointed at the paints on my desk. She said something in Spanish, but I knew what she meant. I pointed at each color and told her the English words for them. After that, we took turns pointing at things in my room and saying the word for each thing, and I learned the Spanish words for those things. Maria made a face when I held up my math book. I laughed.
As we were both laughing, I realized that although we spoke different languages, I’d actually made a friend. That night, I thanked Dad for inviting Maria to our house. “We had fun and I learned a little bit of Spanish,” I said. I asked Dad to help me work on my Spanish so I could talk with Maria when she came over next time. While I still missed my friends in Indiana, I knew the next eight months were going to be a lot more fun with Maria around.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是应用文。文章为一则诗歌竞赛通知。
21. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science可知，参赛诗歌作品得少于150词。
22. B。细节理解题。由第一段中的The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic及第三段中的The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home-schooled in Oxfordshire可知，该诗歌竞赛面向五到十六岁的学生。
23. D。细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的The class of the winner of the secondary age category will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory可知，中学年龄段冠军的班级可以参观卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室（Rutherford Appleton Laboratory）。
补充说明：
卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室是一个多学科、综合性的大型国家实验室，位于英国的牛津郡，它的历史可以追溯到1921年。
B篇
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是记叙文。文章描述了主人公Lang在海啸中逃生的经历。
24. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的Lang was on the island of Ko Phi Phi, just south of Phuket, Thailand, shopping on Main Street with her friend Rubina Wong, when suddenly everything changed可知，海啸发生时，Lang正和朋友逛街购物。
25. D。细节理解题。由第二段中的she noticed water racing into the island, but so strong and fast that she could no longer lift her feet to run可知，涌向岛上的水流很急、水力太大，Lang根本跑不动。
26. B。推理判断题。由第三段中的Lang was stuck underwater between debris with the surface just above her face 和 The more I struggled, the tighter I was stuck. I could not reach the surface可知，Lang被困在了水里，无法动弹。black out 暂时失去知觉；昏厥。
27. D。细节理解题。由最后一段中的She pulled herself onto a floating door and could see that the whole island was flooded and a lot of buildings were gone及She encouraged herself to climb over floating objects to the balcony of the house可知，Lang利用水中的漂流物支撑着自己，最终她爬到不远处一座房子的阳台上，脱离了危险。
C篇
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是新闻报道。文章描述了尼泊尔地震后的救援工作。
28. B。词义猜测题。本句中的This指代上文中的search for survivors through the ruins。由本句中的since it can take many hours to safely dig survivors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins可知，救援队需要花好长时间才能把幸存者从废墟中安全救出来。结合下文中救援队救助Khanal的不易过程可推断，tough在此应该表示“困难的，不容易的”。
29. C。推理判断题。由第三段中Akhilesh Shrestha 所说的What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of finding survivors可知，在Akhilesh Shrestha看来，地震三天后，找到幸存者的可能性微乎其微。 Khanal能活下来简直是个奇迹。
30. A。细节理解题。由第五段中的19 people were killed when an avalanche caused by the earthquake hit hundreds of tents at base camp可知，地震引发珠穆朗玛峰雪崩,许多基地大本营被埋, 造成19人死亡。
31. D。推理判断题。由最后一段的描述可知，直升机每次只能运送四五名受伤者，而且只能在珠穆朗玛峰上短暂停留，这使得救援工作变得困难。但是，最终所有的伤者都被成功营救。也就是说，救援工作虽然充满挑战，但圆满完成了。touch down 着陆，降落。
D篇
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是说明文。发生于1883年的喀拉喀托火山爆发产生了有史以来最大的响声。
32. B。写作目的题。文章首句提到喀拉喀托火山爆发产生了有史以来最大的响声。由第一段中的It sent sound waves around the world four times and could be heard 3,000 miles away on the island of Rodrigues ... the same as Californians hearing a noise made in New York及In Western Australia, 2,000 miles away, people thought war had erupted可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发时，声波随着火山物质喷涌而出，传到3,000英里外的罗德里格斯岛，人们以为在放炮；与此同时，2,000英里外的西澳大利亚州也为之震憾，人们以为战争爆发了。由此可知，作者提到罗德里格斯岛和西澳大利亚州是为了说明喀拉喀托火山爆发时的响声之巨大。take ... to be ... 误以为……是……。
33. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的The sound was so powerful that it ruptured the eardrums of people working on a British ship 40 miles from the eruption可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发时的声波将离岛40英里的英国船员的鼓膜震裂了。
34. C。细节理解题。由第四段中的In the year following the eruption, the average temperature around the world fell by 1.2 degrees Celsius (℃ ), and the earth remained unusually cool for about five more years可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发后第二年，全球平均气温下降了1.2摄氏度。
35. A。主旨大意题。全文共分为五个段落：第一、二段讲述喀拉喀托火山爆发产生了剧烈的响声；第三、四段讲述喀拉喀托火山爆发的灾害影响；最后一段讲述喀拉喀托之子火山的再次喷发。因此，本文主要介绍喀拉喀托火山爆发。A项表示“历史上响声最大的火山爆发”，符合文意，且突出了关于喀拉喀托火山爆发的世界之最。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是说明文。文章讲述了如何防范自然灾害。
36. G。空前的These events 指代上文中的hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U. S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons in southern Asia。下文讲述的是人们应如何应对自然灾害。所有选项中，只有G项符合语境。G项中的They指代上文中的These events， They also brought 顺接上文These events brought damage to communities。
37. D。空前讲述的是面对即将发生的自然灾害，可以提前做些准备。结合空后的When faced with those situations, what should you do to stay safe How can you be better prepared 及下段中的during an emergency可知，本空所讲内容与“突发的自然灾害”相关，故选D项。
38. E。空前提到了生存技能；空后讲述有突发情况时，你根本来不及查阅书籍了解生存技能。由This is because可知，空后内容对本空作进一步解释，故选E项。E项中的These skills指代上文中的Practical survival skills。
39. F。由本段中的But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done可知，本段讲述在紧急情况下应保持冷静、不要过度恐惧，因此，F项作本段的主旨句最恰当， 且Staying calm与下文中的stay calm为原词复现关系。 本段中的unchecked 意为“不受抑制的，未加拘束的”。
40. B。本段讨论自然灾害发生时，人们应该原地等待救援还是自己寻求救援。结合本段中的That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are及If you think you’re not going to be able to survive where you are, you’re better off trying to move toward where there are other people可知，B项符合语境。B项中的It also depends on 顺接上文中的That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are，It指代上文中的Is it best to wait in place for help or search for help。be better off doing sth. 最好做某事。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。舞蹈老师廖智在汶川地震中失去了双腿，但她坚强乐观、戴着义肢坚持跳舞。
41. C。42. C。结合廖智当时的处境及本句中的heard the search and rescue team和but she didn’t have the energy可知，此处表示廖智听到救援人员在“寻找（looking for）”她，但她没有力气“回应（answer）”。
43. B。由上文中的Then she heard her father calling her name及下文中的She made it out alive可知，听到父亲在喊自己的名字，廖智心想，自已一定要活着，“看到（see）”父亲。
44. A。本句中的but与下文中的prosthetic limbs说明廖智虽然活了下来，但她“失去了（lost）”家、女儿还有自己的双腿。
45. D。下文中的How are you still laughing at this point可提示在医院里廖智忍着失去双腿的疼痛，与其他病人说笑。joked（开玩笑）符合语境。
46. C。由上文中的She made it out alive after being trapped for 30 hours及本句中的still可知，尽管廖智失去了很多，但她庆幸自己还能活着，故选alive。此处属于原词复现。
47. A。由上文的描述可知，廖智在地震中失去了双腿。再结合上文中的a dancer及下文中的get on the stage one more time可知，此处表示有人问廖智是否还想继续跳舞，again 符合语境。
48. B。上文中的she was still in recovery, but that did not stop her determination说明廖智还想再次登台跳舞，故选wanted。此处的wanted to get on the stage与上文中的wanted to take up dancing同义。
49. C。由下文中的It was common to be in so much pain可知，从截肢到接受治疗，再到适应义肢，这个过程很不容易，difficult符合语境。
50. D。由本句中的After seeing many patients couldn’t adjust to their prosthetic legs及下文中的In the end, she ... decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，起初，廖智没打算安装义肢。由此可推断，她应该打算选择坐轮椅，故选chose。
51. A。52. B。由廖智的处境及下文中的In the end, she ... decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，在没安装义肢前，廖智去哪儿都需要人“推着（carried）”，这让她觉得很不“自由（freedom）”。
53. D。由本句中的decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，廖智最终决定安装义肢，这样，她就可以自由行动了。也就是说，她想独立，不想“依靠（depend on）”任何人。
54. C。由本段中的I was that close to giving up many times可知，此处表示人们在面对困境时，很容易绝望，故选hope。
55. B。由上文中的Today, she can be seen dancing and rock-climbing可知，失去双腿的廖智没有放弃跳舞，靠着义肢继续着她的梦想。如今，她不仅能够继续跳舞，还能攀岩。由此可知，此处表示她很庆幸自己在困难面前没有选择放弃，设空处所填词应该与“庆幸”具有相同或相近的含义，故选glad。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——社会服务
本文是记叙文。冲浪运动员Jon Rose致力于复兴受飓风桑迪袭击的地区。
56. struck。考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey，由空后的by Hurricane Sandy可知，strike与the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填struck。
57. to bring。考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。choose to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。
58. different。考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰communities，表示“不同的”，故填形容词different。
59. developing。考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。consider doing sth. 意为“考虑做某事”。
60. had。考查一般过去时。由本句中的I wrote it out, put it on our site可知，此处表示过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填had。
61. which / that。考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰storehouses，且在从句中作主语，故填which / that。
62. their。考查代词。设空处修饰houses，表示“他们的”，故填their。
63. more。考查比较级。由空后的than we did six months ago可知，此处应用much的比较级more。
64. a。考查不定冠词。a sense of achievement 意为“成就感”。
65. at。考查介词。由本段中的Wow, you look 20 years younger可知，设空处所在部分表示“你看着某个人”，故填介词at。句中的go意为“说”。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
IF you can dream — Science & Ideas Festival
launches schools poetry competition
Science Oxford is proud to be supporting this year’s IF Oxford festival and the IF Oxfordshire schools poetry competition especially. The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic.
The poem can be in any poetry style you like. It doesn’t have to rhyme (押韵), but your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science. It could be about a scientific idea or discovery; a science lesson or a scientific problem that is important to you; a famous scientist, or just why you love science!
The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home-schooled in Oxfordshire, and will be judged (评判) in three age categories (类别):
School Years 1-2
School Years 3-6
School Years 7-11
There are lots of prizes on offer. The winning entrant (参赛者) in each age category will receive a copy of The Lost Words by Robert Macfarlane and Jackie Morris.
The classes of the winners of the two primary school categories will win a half-day science show or workshop presented by our amazing education outreach team. The class of the winner of the secondary age category will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
The winners and runners-up (亚军) in all three age categories will have the chance to perform their poem at a special event at the new IF Science and Ideas Festival over the weekend of October 16 /17.
The closing date for entries is April 20. To find out more information visit IF-.
21. Which of the following is a requirement for the poem for the competition
A. It has to rhyme.
B. It has to be written in four lines.
C. It has to be less than 150 words.
D. It has to discuss a single scientific idea.
22. Children who want to enter the competition must _____.
A. study at secondary school
B. be between 5-16 years old
C. be home-schooled in Oxfordshire
D. hand in their poem before October 17
23. What will the class of the winner of the secondary age category win
A. A half-day science show.
B. A copy of The Lost Words.
C. A chance to attend an amazing workshop.
D. A tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
B★★★☆☆
On 26 December, 2004, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake off the Indonesian coast sent a wall of water racing toward Thailand, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Lang was on the island of Ko Phi Phi, just south of Phuket, Thailand, shopping on Main Street with her friend Rubina Wong, when suddenly everything changed. “People started running inland. From where we were, we could not see the beach so we had no idea what was going on. Nobody was saying it’s a tsunami,” she said.
Lang and Rubina started running inland in the same direction as everyone else, when she noticed water racing into the island, but so strong and fast that she could no longer lift her feet to run. Rubina had gone down a side street. Lang never saw her alive again. “At that point I could no longer move and the next thing, I saw a black wall of water. Then it just threw me right off my feet. I didn’t have any feeling except for fear,” she said.
Lang was stuck underwater between debris (碎片) with the surface just above her face. “The more I struggled (挣扎), the tighter I was stuck. I could not reach the surface. I thought I came here on my vacation to die, and then I got really angry,” she said. “I must have blacked out because the next thing I remember is waking up underwater.”
The water was motionless (静止的) and black. Lang looked up and could see at the top, there was a small circle of light. She started swimming through the motionless water and made it to the surface of the water. She pulled herself onto a floating (漂浮的) door and could see that the whole island was flooded and a lot of buildings were gone. She could see a house not far away and a man on its roof. She encouraged herself to climb over floating objects to the balcony (阳台) of the house. From there she saw the water start to slowly go back to the ocean.
24. What was Lang doing when the tsunami happened
A. She was running in a race.
B. She was playing on the beach.
C. She was looking for her friend.
D. She was shopping in the street.
25. Why was Lang unable to run
A. There was a wall in the way.
B. She feared she would get lost.
C. She had to wait for her friend.
D. The racing water was too powerful.
26. What can we learn about Lang from paragraph 3
A. She didn’t want to struggle.
B. She was trapped underwater.
C. She didn’t regret going on vacation.
D. She managed to keep awake in the water.
27. How did Lang manage to save herself
A. By calling for help.
B. By hiding in a house.
C. By climbing up a tall tree.
D. By making use of floating objects.
C★★★☆☆
In the hours after the earthquake that hit Nepal on April 25, 2015, thousands of rescue teams from around the world were sent there to help search for survivors through the ruins. This can be a very tough task, since it can take many hours to safely dig survivors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins.
After spending 80 hours in the ruins of a building outside Kathmandu, Rishi Khanal was pulled out alive by a French search and rescue team. Khanal had been trying to get the attention of rescue workers for days. After the team found him, they spent 10 hours digging him out. The team broke the concrete (混凝土) that trapped Khanal within the building and pulled him up through a hole before carrying him away. Khanal suffered a broken leg.
“What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of finding survivors. It seemed he survived by willpower,” said Akhilesh Shrestha, a doctor who treated Khanal.
Meanwhile, rescues of a different kind were taking place on Mount Qomolangma.
On the border (边境) between Nepal and its northern neighbor China, more than 100 people were trying to climb Mount Qomolangma when the earthquake hit. 19 people were killed when an avalanche (雪崩) caused by the earthquake hit hundreds of tents (帐篷) at base camp. At least 61 people were injured.
The surviving climbers, who were stranded (滞留) in two different camps both above 21,000 feet, have all been rescued and returned to base camp. Small helicopters carried the climbers down the mountain in groups of four or five. Landing on Qomolangma long enough to pick up a passenger is dangerous even in good conditions, and helicopters could not touch down for more than 30 seconds to pick up passengers.
28. What does the underlined word “tough” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Quick.
B. Difficult.
C. Important.
D. Dangerous.
29. What did Akhilesh Shrestha say about Khanal’s survival
A. It was thanks to Khanal’s work as a doctor.
B. It depended on the rescue team’s efforts.
C. It was thought to be almost impossible.
D. It encouraged other injured people.
30. What caused the death of the 19 climbers
A. A powerful avalanche.
B. Bad weather conditions.
C. Serious mountain sickness.
D. A shortage of food and water.
31. Which of the following can best describe the work of rescuing climbers
A. Risky and hopeless.
B. Smooth and creative.
C. Meaningful but boring.
D. Challenging but successful.
D★★★★☆
On August 27, 1883, just after 10 a. m., the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia made the loudest sound known to history. It sent sound waves around the world four times and could be heard 3,000 miles away on the island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean. That, for the purpose of comparison, is the same as Californians hearing a noise made in New York. In Rodrigues, as in other faraway places, the noise was taken to be cannon (大炮) fire. In Western Australia, 2,000 miles away, people thought war had erupted.
The sound was so powerful that it ruptured (使破裂) the eardrums (鼓膜) of people working on a British ship 40 miles from the eruption. “This is so surprisingly loud,” writer Aatish Bhatia noted in Discover magazine post.
The Krakatoa eruption was one of history’s deadliest natural disasters. More than 36,400 people died, from lava flows (熔岩流) that raced at 60 miles per hour and tsunamis that reached a height of 120 feet and destroyed some 165 coastal villages.
Volcanic matter thrown into the air caused sunsets so strange that people in New York, Connecticut and other places called the fire department, fearing fires had broken out. In the year following the eruption, the average (平均的) temperature around the world fell by 1.2 degrees Celsius (℃), and the earth remained unusually cool for about five more years.
Little was left of Krakatoa after the eruption. In 1927, a volcanic island known as Anak Krakatoa was formed at the site of the big eruption. It is an active volcano. An eruption in December 2018 caused a tsunami that killed more than 400 people.
32. Why are places like Rodrigues and Western Australia mentioned in paragraph 1
A. To draw attention to big volcanic eruptions.
B. To show how loud the Krakatoa eruption was.
C. To explain the damage the Krakatoa eruption caused.
D. To introduce where volcanic eruptions are more common.
33. What do we know about the people on the ship near the eruption
A. They were troubled by cannon fire.
B. They suffered ruptured eardrums.
C. They thought war had broken out.
D. They were killed by volcanic matter.
34. What happened after the Krakatoa eruption
A. Fires broke out in many places around the world.
B. Bigger eruptions came in the following years.
C. The average global temperature dropped.
D. A new volcanic island appeared soon.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. The noisiest volcanic eruption in history.
B. The deadly natural disasters in the world.
C. The strange birth of an island in Indonesia.
D. The most terrible tsunami in Krakatoa.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In recent years, the world has seen a number of natural disasters: hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U. S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons ( 季风雨) in southern Asia. These events brought damage to communities. 36
The best thing to do when facing a coming natural disaster is to pay attention to your area’s evacuation notices and take advantage of evacuation help. 37 When faced with those situations, what should you do to stay safe How can you be better prepared
Every family should have an emergency plan that addresses the most likely disasters in their area. Practical survival skills should also be part of every family’s plan. 38 This is because you simply won’t have time to read a survival book during an emergency.
39 A little fear is a natural and healthy response (反应) to a frightening event. But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done.
Is it best to wait in place for help or search for help That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are. 40 If you think you’re not going to be able to survive where you are, you’re better off trying to move toward where there are other people. Because people are going to help you, in most cases.
A. There are some basic things you must have.
B. It also depends on if you need to move or not.
C. Know what possible dangers could come in your area.
D. However, it’s possible to be caught by an unexpected emergency.
E. These skills need to be learned and practiced before things get hard.
F. Staying calm is the most important thing a person can do during any emergency.
G. They also brought questions about what we can do to prepare ourselves for similar events.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★★☆☆
On May 12, 2008, a deadly earthquake rocked 23-year-old Liao Zhi’s apartment building in Sichuan, causing it to fall down.
Among the debris, Ms Liao, a dancer, heard the search and rescue team 41 her, but she didn’t have the energy (力气) to 42 . Then she heard her father calling her name. She thought: “I must 43 my father again.”
She made it out alive after being trapped for 30 hours but she 44 everything: Her home, her daughter and both her legs.
In the hospital, she managed to bear the pain and 45 with other patients.
They asked her: “How are you still laughing at this point ”
“Because I am still 46 ,” she replied.
Two months after the earthquake, she was asked if she wanted to take up dancing 47 . At the time, she was still in recovery (康复), but that did not stop her determination. “I 48 to get on the stage (舞台) one more time,” she said.
However, from treatment to the adjusting (适应) of prosthetic limbs (义肢), Ms Liao said it was a(n) 49 journey. “It was common to be in so much pain,” she said.
After seeing many patients couldn’t adjust to their prosthetic legs, Ms Liao almost 50 the wheelchair.
“I had to be 51 everywhere: To the shower, to the bathroom ... I didn’t have any 52 .”
In the end, she refused to 53 anyone and decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted.
Today, she can be seen dancing and rock-climbing.
“It’s easy to lose 54 in difficult situations,” she said. “I was that close to giving up many times — but I am 55 I didn’t.”
41. A. praising B. treating
C. looking for D. running after
42. A. exercise B. try
C. answer D. dance
43. A. help B. see
C. follow D. find
44. A. lost B. needed
C. remembered D. knew
45. A. competed B. walked
C. worked D. joked
46. A. satisfied B. healthy
C. alive D. amazed
47. A. again B. too
C. instead D. soon
48. A. refused B. wanted
C. promised D. failed
49. A. important B. short
C. difficult D. dangerous
50. A. discovered B. received
C. changed D. chose
51. A. carried B. sent
C. encouraged D. welcomed
52. A. right B. freedom
C. idea D. time
53. A. learn from B. talk with
C. care about D. depend on
54. A. interest B. power
C. hope D. trust
55. A. afraid B. glad
C. surprised D. sure
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a surfer (冲浪运动员), Jon Rose has personal ties to the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey 56. ________ (strike) hardest by Hurricane Sandy. When he learned a friend’s restaurant had been destroyed by the storm, he chose 57. ________ (bring) his clean water organization, Waves For Water, to help with recovery efforts. In an interview, he shared his disaster relief plan and the most satisfying part of his experience.
“As we were getting more information from 58. ________ (difference) communities up and down the coastline, I considered 59. ________ (develop) a plan that could be used in each community. I made a three-step plan for addressing this disaster. I wrote it out, put it on our site, and ... within a week’s time, we 60. ________ (have) support coming in.”
“The first step is distributing (分配) supplies. I have storehouses in New York and New Jersey 61. ________ were able to receive things. Then we set up relief centers where we would give out supplies.”
“The second step is clearing debris. You’re either cleaning out houses, or people have already cleaned out 62. ________ (they) houses and you’re trying to clean away the rubbish.”
“The third step is rebuilding. We’ve got 10 sites that we’re rebuilding but we still have a large amount of work to do. We almost have 63. ________ (much) work now than we did six months ago.”
“There’s always 64. ________ sense of achievement when you’re able to change someone’s state. There’s an obvious physical change; you look 65. ________ somebody and go, ‘Wow, you look 20 years younger; you’re back on your feet.’”
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，上周五你校举办了主题为“预防森林火灾”的校园活动。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 参加人员；
2. 活动内容：观看短片、制作黑板报；
3. 活动反响。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Why did Dad’s job make us move to South America anyway ” I asked Mom. “The TV shows are in Spanish and I miss going to school. The worst part is that I don’t have any friends here. All of the kids speak Spanish.”
“I know it’s hard, sweetheart. I’m lonely here too,” Mom said.
“It’s hard to make friends when I can’t talk to anybody.”
Mom hugged (拥抱) me. “We’ll only be living here for eight more months.”
At that moment, eight months sounded like forever. A few days later, Dad said that a man at his work had a daughter my age. “Would you like to invite her over to play ”
“Does she speak English ”
“No,” Dad said, “but I can teach you a few Spanish words so the two of you can talk a little bit.”
I shrugged (耸肩). “It’s hard to be friends with someone when you can’t really talk to them.”
Dad nodded. “I understand, but you wished for a friend.”
“I mean a friend who speaks English.”
“I know, but this might be fun anyway. I’m going to ask her dad to bring her over to our house.”
The following afternoon, Maria and her dad came over. I felt funny because I didn’t know how we’d play together without being able to talk to one another.
“Hola,” I said quietly, which means “hi” in Spanish.
Maria smiled and said something I didn’t understand. I looked at Dad and whispered (低声说), “This isn’t going to work.”
“Give it a chance,” he said.
Then Maria showed me a cardboard box. She’d brought a game called Connect Four.
Dad smiled. “You don’t need to speak the same language to play that game.”
Maria and I went to my bedroom and set up the game. We took turns putting the colored disks (圆片) into the board, trying to get four in a row. Suddenly Maria smiled and pointed at the four red pieces in a row.
I smiled and said, “You won. Good game.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Although I’m sure Maria didn’t understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile.
As we were both laughing, I realized that although we spoke different languages, I’d actually made a friend.
参考答案
听力（略）
21-25 CBDDD 26-30 BDBCA
31-35 DBBCA 36-40 GDEFB
41-45 CCBAD 46-50 CABCD 51-55 ABDCB
56. struck 57. to bring 58. different 59. developing 60. had
61. which / that 62. their 63. mor e 64. a 65. at
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Last Friday, our school held an activity about forest fire prevention. Over 500 teachers and students took part.
First, we watched several short videos about how forest fires start, how dangerous they can be and what to do to prevent them. Then, each class designed their own blackboard newspaper showing the dangers of forest fires and actions we should take in our daily life to prevent forest fires.
The students thought the activity was meaningful because it let them realize forest fires can be deadly but they can do something to prevent and control them.
第二节
One possible version:
Although I’m sure Maria didn’t understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile. When we were done playing the game, Maria pointed at the paints on my desk. She said something in Spanish, but I knew what she meant. I pointed at each color and told her the English words for them. After that, we took turns pointing at things in my room and saying the word for each thing, and I learned the Spanish words for those things. Maria made a face when I held up my math book. I laughed.
As we were both laughing, I realized that although we spoke different languages, I’d actually made a friend. That night, I thanked Dad for inviting Maria to our house. “We had fun and I learned a little bit of Spanish,” I said. I asked Dad to help me work on my Spanish so I could talk with Maria when she came over next time. While I still missed my friends in Indiana, I knew the next eight months were going to be a lot more fun with Maria around.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是应用文。文章为一则诗歌竞赛通知。
21. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science可知，参赛诗歌作品得少于150词。
22. B。细节理解题。由第一段中的The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic及第三段中的The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home-schooled in Oxfordshire可知，该诗歌竞赛面向五到十六岁的学生。
23. D。细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的The class of the winner of the secondary age category will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory可知，中学年龄段冠军的班级可以参观卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室（Rutherford Appleton Laboratory）。
补充说明：
卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室是一个多学科、综合性的大型国家实验室，位于英国的牛津郡，它的历史可以追溯到1921年。
B篇
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是记叙文。文章描述了主人公Lang在海啸中逃生的经历。
24. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的Lang was on the island of Ko Phi Phi, just south of Phuket, Thailand, shopping on Main Street with her friend Rubina Wong, when suddenly everything changed可知，海啸发生时，Lang正和朋友逛街购物。
25. D。细节理解题。由第二段中的she noticed water racing into the island, but so strong and fast that she could no longer lift her feet to run可知，涌向岛上的水流很急、水力太大，Lang根本跑不动。
26. B。推理判断题。由第三段中的Lang was stuck underwater between debris with the surface just above her face 和 The more I struggled, the tighter I was stuck. I could not reach the surface可知，Lang被困在了水里，无法动弹。black out 暂时失去知觉；昏厥。
27. D。细节理解题。由最后一段中的She pulled herself onto a floating door and could see that the whole island was flooded and a lot of buildings were gone及She encouraged herself to climb over floating objects to the balcony of the house可知，Lang利用水中的漂流物支撑着自己，最终她爬到不远处一座房子的阳台上，脱离了危险。
C篇
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是新闻报道。文章描述了尼泊尔地震后的救援工作。
28. B。词义猜测题。本句中的This指代上文中的search for survivors through the ruins。由本句中的since it can take many hours to safely dig survivors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins可知，救援队需要花好长时间才能把幸存者从废墟中安全救出来。结合下文中救援队救助Khanal的不易过程可推断，tough在此应该表示“困难的，不容易的”。
29. C。推理判断题。由第三段中Akhilesh Shrestha 所说的What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of finding survivors可知，在Akhilesh Shrestha看来，地震三天后，找到幸存者的可能性微乎其微。 Khanal能活下来简直是个奇迹。
30. A。细节理解题。由第五段中的19 people were killed when an avalanche caused by the earthquake hit hundreds of tents at base camp可知，地震引发珠穆朗玛峰雪崩,许多基地大本营被埋, 造成19人死亡。
31. D。推理判断题。由最后一段的描述可知，直升机每次只能运送四五名受伤者，而且只能在珠穆朗玛峰上短暂停留，这使得救援工作变得困难。但是，最终所有的伤者都被成功营救。也就是说，救援工作虽然充满挑战，但圆满完成了。touch down 着陆，降落。
D篇
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是说明文。发生于1883年的喀拉喀托火山爆发产生了有史以来最大的响声。
32. B。写作目的题。文章首句提到喀拉喀托火山爆发产生了有史以来最大的响声。由第一段中的It sent sound waves around the world four times and could be heard 3,000 miles away on the island of Rodrigues ... the same as Californians hearing a noise made in New York及In Western Australia, 2,000 miles away, people thought war had erupted可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发时，声波随着火山物质喷涌而出，传到3,000英里外的罗德里格斯岛，人们以为在放炮；与此同时，2,000英里外的西澳大利亚州也为之震憾，人们以为战争爆发了。由此可知，作者提到罗德里格斯岛和西澳大利亚州是为了说明喀拉喀托火山爆发时的响声之巨大。take ... to be ... 误以为……是……。
33. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的The sound was so powerful that it ruptured the eardrums of people working on a British ship 40 miles from the eruption可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发时的声波将离岛40英里的英国船员的鼓膜震裂了。
34. C。细节理解题。由第四段中的In the year following the eruption, the average temperature around the world fell by 1.2 degrees Celsius (℃ ), and the earth remained unusually cool for about five more years可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发后第二年，全球平均气温下降了1.2摄氏度。
35. A。主旨大意题。全文共分为五个段落：第一、二段讲述喀拉喀托火山爆发产生了剧烈的响声；第三、四段讲述喀拉喀托火山爆发的灾害影响；最后一段讲述喀拉喀托之子火山的再次喷发。因此，本文主要介绍喀拉喀托火山爆发。A项表示“历史上响声最大的火山爆发”，符合文意，且突出了关于喀拉喀托火山爆发的世界之最。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是说明文。文章讲述了如何防范自然灾害。
36. G。空前的These events 指代上文中的hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U. S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons in southern Asia。下文讲述的是人们应如何应对自然灾害。所有选项中，只有G项符合语境。G项中的They指代上文中的These events， They also brought 顺接上文These events brought damage to communities。
37. D。空前讲述的是面对即将发生的自然灾害，可以提前做些准备。结合空后的When faced with those situations, what should you do to stay safe How can you be better prepared 及下段中的during an emergency可知，本空所讲内容与“突发的自然灾害”相关，故选D项。
38. E。空前提到了生存技能；空后讲述有突发情况时，你根本来不及查阅书籍了解生存技能。由This is because可知，空后内容对本空作进一步解释，故选E项。E项中的These skills指代上文中的Practical survival skills。
39. F。由本段中的But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done可知，本段讲述在紧急情况下应保持冷静、不要过度恐惧，因此，F项作本段的主旨句最恰当， 且Staying calm与下文中的stay calm为原词复现关系。 本段中的unchecked 意为“不受抑制的，未加拘束的”。
40. B。本段讨论自然灾害发生时，人们应该原地等待救援还是自己寻求救援。结合本段中的That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are及If you think you’re not going to be able to survive where you are, you’re better off trying to move toward where there are other people可知，B项符合语境。B项中的It also depends on 顺接上文中的That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are，It指代上文中的Is it best to wait in place for help or search for help。be better off doing sth. 最好做某事。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。舞蹈老师廖智在汶川地震中失去了双腿，但她坚强乐观、戴着义肢坚持跳舞。
41. C。42. C。结合廖智当时的处境及本句中的heard the search and rescue team和but she didn’t have the energy可知，此处表示廖智听到救援人员在“寻找（looking for）”她，但她没有力气“回应（answer）”。
43. B。由上文中的Then she heard her father calling her name及下文中的She made it out alive可知，听到父亲在喊自己的名字，廖智心想，自已一定要活着，“看到（see）”父亲。
44. A。本句中的but与下文中的prosthetic limbs说明廖智虽然活了下来，但她“失去了（lost）”家、女儿还有自己的双腿。
45. D。下文中的How are you still laughing at this point可提示在医院里廖智忍着失去双腿的疼痛，与其他病人说笑。joked（开玩笑）符合语境。
46. C。由上文中的She made it out alive after being trapped for 30 hours及本句中的still可知，尽管廖智失去了很多，但她庆幸自己还能活着，故选alive。此处属于原词复现。
47. A。由上文的描述可知，廖智在地震中失去了双腿。再结合上文中的a dancer及下文中的get on the stage one more time可知，此处表示有人问廖智是否还想继续跳舞，again 符合语境。
48. B。上文中的she was still in recovery, but that did not stop her determination说明廖智还想再次登台跳舞，故选wanted。此处的wanted to get on the stage与上文中的wanted to take up dancing同义。
49. C。由下文中的It was common to be in so much pain可知，从截肢到接受治疗，再到适应义肢，这个过程很不容易，difficult符合语境。
50. D。由本句中的After seeing many patients couldn’t adjust to their prosthetic legs及下文中的In the end, she ... decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，起初，廖智没打算安装义肢。由此可推断，她应该打算选择坐轮椅，故选chose。
51. A。52. B。由廖智的处境及下文中的In the end, she ... decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，在没安装义肢前，廖智去哪儿都需要人“推着（carried）”，这让她觉得很不“自由（freedom）”。
53. D。由本句中的decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，廖智最终决定安装义肢，这样，她就可以自由行动了。也就是说，她想独立，不想“依靠（depend on）”任何人。
54. C。由本段中的I was that close to giving up many times可知，此处表示人们在面对困境时，很容易绝望，故选hope。
55. B。由上文中的Today, she can be seen dancing and rock-climbing可知，失去双腿的廖智没有放弃跳舞，靠着义肢继续着她的梦想。如今，她不仅能够继续跳舞，还能攀岩。由此可知，此处表示她很庆幸自己在困难面前没有选择放弃，设空处所填词应该与“庆幸”具有相同或相近的含义，故选glad。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——社会服务
本文是记叙文。冲浪运动员Jon Rose致力于复兴受飓风桑迪袭击的地区。
56. struck。考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey，由空后的by Hurricane Sandy可知，strike与the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填struck。
57. to bring。考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。choose to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。
58. different。考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰communities，表示“不同的”，故填形容词different。
59. developing。考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。consider doing sth. 意为“考虑做某事”。
60. had。考查一般过去时。由本句中的I wrote it out, put it on our site可知，此处表示过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填had。
61. which / that。考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰storehouses，且在从句中作主语，故填which / that。
62. their。考查代词。设空处修饰houses，表示“他们的”，故填their。
63. more。考查比较级。由空后的than we did six months ago可知，此处应用much的比较级more。
64. a。考查不定冠词。a sense of achievement 意为“成就感”。
65. at。考查介词。由本段中的Wow, you look 20 years younger可知，设空处所在部分表示“你看着某个人”，故填介词at。句中的go意为“说”。