人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world单元测试题（含解析）
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Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
AMTRAK TURNS 50
Amtrak, America’s national railroad network, was set up half a century ago. We celebrate Amtrak’s routes (路线) over US railways.
LOS ANGELES
65 HRS 20 MINS, Texas Eagle, 2, 728 miles
EMERYVILLE
51 HRS 20 MINS, California Zephyr, 2,438 miles
PORTLAND
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,255 miles
SEATTLE
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,205 miles
In numbers 184 The number of Amtrak trains running each day in 1971. Today, it runs 300 daily, carrying nearly 85,700 passengers. 32.5m The number of Amtrak passenger trips made in the 2019 fiscal year (财政年度). 21,000 The number of route miles covered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washington, D.C. and three Canadian provinces (省).
Built in 1955, Amtrak’s old-style Great Dome railcar showed landscapes (风景) in California, New Mexico, Arizona and — its final tour of duty ( 责任) in 2019 — Albany to Montreal, a prize ticket in leaf-peeping season. All change: You can’t cross the US on one train. Routes that travel east and west end in Chicago or New Orleans. The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clocker, which headed to Philadelphia from New York City shortly after midnight.
21. Which of the following routes is the longest
A. LOS ANGELES-CHICAGO.
B. EMERYVILLE-CHICAGO.
C. PORTLAND-CHICAGO.
D. SEATTLE-CHICAGO.
22. What does the number “21,000” refer to
A. Daily Amtrak passengers.
B. Places Amtrak has visited.
C. Money Amtrak made in 2019.
D. Route miles covered by Amtrak.
23. What do we know about Amtrak
A. It allows people to cross the US on one train.
B. It sent passengers to New York City at first.
C. Its service covers the U.S. only.
D. Its first train set out in 1971.
B
When I first moved to China in 1998, I thought I would impress my class by using some Chinese in my speech about American weddings (婚礼). I told them everyone brings a gift to the wedding for the couple. As soon as I said this, all of the students looked surprised. I knew I had said something wrong. I realized that instead of telling them that everybody brings gifts to the hun li for the couple, I had said people bring gifts for them at the li hun!
I get laughs from some of my students because I often make mistakes and my Chinese sounds strange at times. But I tell them that sometimes their English is really strange too.
One asks, “What are you like to do in your free time ” And the other answers, “I very like basketball.” I find that even good English speakers make such mistakes. The second is by far the most common mistake I have heard among Chinese English speakers. It is a result of first thinking in Chinese and then translating each word in the sentence into English. This, of course, makes some Chinese people’s English sound strange.
“We should get off the car here,” a student told me. My school had asked two students to show me around the city by taxi. In English countries, we “get off ” a bike, bus, or train. However, when we leave a car, we say “get out of the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get off ” means xia in Chinese and he thought the phrase (短语) could be followed by any means of transportation. To avoid such mistakes, you should take collocations (搭配) seriously. Only learning vocabulary and grammar is not enough.
Some of my students sound more like a book or machine than a human. Perhaps they have gotten used to depending on books. You can also read English books out loud or use a CD, but you need the real thing. If you have a chance to hear a native speaker from an English-speaking country, practice repeating what you hear. They can teach you how to have a conversation.
24. Why did the students feel surprised
A. American weddings are difficult to organize.
B. The author’s Chinese was as fluent as Chinese.
C. The author used a completely wrong Chinese word.
D. Everyone must bring a gift to an American wedding.
25. What can cause strange English in China according to the author
A. Spelling mistakes.
B. Direct translation.
C. Cultural difference.
D. Wrong pronunciations.
26. What can we infer about the student who said “We should ... here”
A. He might be poor at vocabulary.
B. He might mistake “car” for “taxi”.
C. He might know very little about the city.
D. He might pay little attention to collocations.
27. What does the author want to share in the last paragraph？
A. Common mistakes made by Chinese English learners.
B. Differences between Chinese and American culture.
C. Suggestions on improving conversational skills.
D. His experience of learning English.
C
Experts believe the basis of the German language, Proto-Germanic, began to develop about 2000 BCE, as people began to live in western areas of the Baltic Sea. One of the first ever records of the German language dates back to the 1st century BCE when the Romans came across people from the Rhine-Danube area.
The modern German we know today is likely to be unrecognisable from the language that the Romans first experienced. It has gone through many changes, from Old High German (from about 700 CE to the eleventh century),Middle High German (from about 1050 to 1350), Early New High German (1350 to 1600) to New High German (from about 1600 to the present).
As with many languages, German has developed along with society and sociopolitical (社会政治的) factors have helped shape the language into what it is today. New words from other languages have been adopted (采纳) by German speakers. Others have been introduced into the German language because of more communications with foreigners either because of migration (移民), trade, war, or the development of new technology from cinema to the Internet. For example, today Germans will have “brainstorming sessions” — using the English term. Similarly, most speakers have adopted English words related to technology like the Internet or email, as it happens in several other languages.
German is an interesting language because of the dominance (优势) of dialects, which appeared because of the fact that there was no cultural centre, like Paris in France. By the end of the Middle Ages action was taken to create a “Standard German language”, so that people from different areas could communicate more easily with each other. A major influence on the standardization of German was Martin Luther’s German translation of an influential book in 1522. That “style” was largely based on the language used at the Saxon court. This became the basis of what we know as German today.
28. When do experts think German started to develop first？
A. In the 1st century BCE.
B. About 2000 BCE.
C. About 1350.
D. In 700 CE.
29. The author lists the example in paragraph 3 to _____.
A. stress that learning the German language is helpful
B. prove that the German language has a long history
C. explain why the German language is difficult to learn
D. show that many factors have helped shape the language
30. What did Martin Luther do？
A. He helped set the basis of German today.
B. He did a lot of research on German dialects.
C. He wrote a book in both German and English.
D. He shaped German with the help of the French.
31. What is this text mainly about
A. A brief history of the German language.
B. How the German language spread worldwide.
C. The influence of technology on the German language.
D. How the German language influenced other languages.
D
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction. In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters. After having studied Chinese for a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very long time to learn.
Living as we do in a digital era (数字时代) with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question: Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input (语音输入) systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced. Since we enter different characters, we seldom need to be able to recognise the difference between individual (每个) characters in detail; the computer makes the right choices for us. Do we really need to write Chinese by hand at all
I think most people agree that you should learn to write at least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say. But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting. Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters. You don’t need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this. Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
I think learning the most common 500 characters or so is a good idea for all students. If you actually want to write by hand, extend (扩大) that to 1,000. Then learn to handwrite characters outside of the 1, 000 most common on a need-to-know basis.
32. What does the author think of Chinese characters
A. They are less communicative than English words.
B. They attract some foreigners to learn Chinese.
C. They show the greatness of Chinese culture.
D. They are not really that difficult.
33. What can we infer about characters in paragraph 2
A. Characters are very difficult for foreigners to learn.
B. People believe learning to write characters is important.
C. People doubt the necessity of learning to write characters.
D. Characters may disappear with the development of society.
34. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Understanding characters.
B. Being a calligraphy master.
C. Keeping a good learning habit.
D. Learning basic handwriting skills.
35. What is the author’s attitude to learning to write characters in the digital age
A. Worried. B. Uncaring. C. Surprised. D. Supportive.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning a second language is really helpful for us. 36
1. You become smarter.
Learning a second language improves your memory (记忆). Becoming bilingual (双语的) exercises your brain, challenges you to concentrate, and improves your problem-solving skills. 37 Learning a second language also improves your native language, as it teaches you the structures (结构) behind any language — not just new languages.
2. It’s great for traveling.
Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein said that “the limits (限制) of your language are the limits of your world,” and he was right. 38 Traveling through a foreign country becomes much easier if you can speak the language of that country.
3. 39
Researchers are also saying that people who can speak different languages are more creative than monolingual (仅懂一种语言的) speakers. Learning a foreign language improves not only your ability to solve problems, it also makes you experiment with new words.
4. It builds up your self-confidence.
You’re about to teach yourself to believe, “Yes, I can.” Confidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a foreign language is no different. 40 The way you use to develop a second tongue results in a greater sense of open-mindedness.
A. It increases your creativity.
B. You can share it with your new friends.
C. Learning a second language is easier as a child.
D. There are many advantages of learning a foreign language.
E. Bilingual students are likely to score higher than monolingual students.
F. Knowing more than one language opens up your vacation possibilities.
G. Confident people are more interesting than those who are unsure of themselves.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve always been fascinated (迷住) by languages, but I’ve never been any good at learning them. I remember sitting in my French lessons, I never 41 what I was being taught. My teacher wasn’t 42 .
But one of my A Levels was English Language, and that was where my interest in 43 started. Over the last few years, I’ve started learning more languages than I can 44 . They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and probably several others. None of them stuck.
And then came lockdown. While I was 45 enough to still be able to work from home, on evenings and weekends, I found myself getting 46 and looking through Netflix for something to watch. That’s how I 47 a Chinese fantasy drama (玄幻剧) filled with complex (复杂的) relationships.
But by the time I got about halfway through the show, I 48 that in some cases, the words being spoken in Chinese didn’t match the words being said in the English translations. 49 , a character was being called shijie instead of by her name. I went online, did some 50 and met a difficulty.
Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”, introduced me to the complexities of Chinese 51 . So many different words for “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with more than one name!
I was 52 by the way the language is so intertwined (紧密相连) with the culture, and how poetic and 53 it is. I wanted to be able to 54 the source material (原始资料), even if it was going to take me a long while 55 I got to that point.
41. A. looked out for B. depended on C. laughed at D. paid attention to
42. A. angry B. relaxed C. happy D. nervous
43. A. language B. culture C. school D. history
44. A. enjoy B. remember C. suggest D. choose
45. A. lucky B. worried C. mad D. surprised
46. A. doubtful B. pleased C. bored D. helpful
47. A. forgot B. found C. created D. directed
48. A. expected B. decided C. realized D. hoped
49. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example
50. A. research B. business C. interviews D. tests
51. A. families B. relationships C. dramas D. lifestyles
52. A. hurt B. saddened C. encouraged D. attracted
53. A. strange B. difficult C. beautiful D. satisfying
54. A. believe B. understand C. accept D. imagine
55. A. though B. unless C. once D. before
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a Romanization system 56. ________ (use) to learn Mandarin (普通话). It describes the sounds of Mandarin using the Western (Roman) alphabet (字母表). Commonly, Pinyin is used for 57. ________ (teach) school children to read. And it is also 58. ________ (wide) used in teaching Westerners who wish to learn Mandarin.
Pinyin was developed in the 1950s and is now the official Romanization system of China, Singapore, and the American Library Association. Library standards make it 59. ________ (easy) to find Chinese language materials than before. A worldwide standard also helps the exchange of information between organizations in various 60. ________ (country).
Learning Pinyin is important. Pinyin provides a comfortable base 61. ________ anyone trying to learn Mandarin: it looks familiar (熟悉的). It offers a way 62. ________ (read) Chinese without using Chinese characters — a major 63. ________ (difficult) for foreigners who want to learn Mandarin. Pinyin is not perfect. It uses many letter combinations (组合) 64. ________ are unknown in English and other Western languages. Anyone who has not studied Pinyin is likely to mispronounce the spellings. Although there are some disadvantages of Pinyin, 65. ________ is best to have a single system of Romanization for the Mandarin language.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你所在的学校将举办以“汉字的演变”为主题的活动。请给你的留学生朋友Elsa写封邮件邀请她参加，内容包括：
1. 活动的时间以及地点；
2. 活动的内容。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
_____________________________________________________________________
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第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family hadn’t done anything different in forever. So when my aunt Jen invited us to the outdoor spring celebration at her farm last month, I was so excited that I decided to make an extra-special treat. “Yummy!” my little sister said, stealing a sweet.
“That’s enough, Indi!” I said. “I need those for my lambs (羔羊)!”
“I didn’t know lambs liked sweets,” She laughed.
I laughed too. “I’m not feeding them to the lambs. I’m making lamb decorations (装饰) for my cupcakes.” “I want to help!” she said.
“Me too!” said my brother.
“OK,” I said. “I guess you two can decorate your own.”
Of course, they used way too many sweets.
“I have the fluffiest (最蓬松的) sheep of all!” said Tex.
“Mine is fluffier!” said Indi.
“They look equally fluffy to me,” I said. “Maybe they’re twins, just like you.”
“Okey-dokey!” said my dad. “The picnic goes from twelve to three. We’d better get a move on!” First, we had to wait for Tex to find his shoes. Next, as we were driving down the road, we had to go back to the house because my mom forgot her wallet. Then, about halfway to Aunt Jen’s house, we had to drive far out of our way to find a place for Indi to use the restroom. After that, my parents decided it’d be quicker to take this one little side road as a shortcut. But the shortcut ended up turning into a long cut! We drove forever on a winding road, and just when we were in the middle of nowhere, our car started making a strange noise.
“Sorry,” said my mom. “We’re going to have to pull over and call roadside services.”
“Nooo!” I said. “We’re already late.”
“Don’t worry,” said my dad. “I’m sure help will arrive soon.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
But as you can probably guess by the way this story has gone so far, help did not arrive soon at all. ______________________________________________________
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At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and down about picnicking there.
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参考答案
1-20 略
21-25 ADDCB 26-30 DCBDA 31-35 ABCAD 36-40 DEFAG
41-45 DCABA 46-50 CBCDA 51-55 BDCBD
56. used 57. teaching 58. widely
59. easier 60. countries 61. for / to
62. to read 63. difficulty 64. that / which 65. it
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Elsa,
I’m writing to invite you to take part in an activity held by our school next Friday from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. in the school hall.
The activity will focus on the history and development of Chinese characters. Related pictures and films will be shown during the period. Besides, I heard some experts would be invited to give speeches. I know you’re interested in Chinese culture so I believe you will like it.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
But as you can probably guess by the way this story has gone so far, help did not arrive soon at all. “We’re going to miss everything!” said Tex. “Not fair!” said Indi. “Look on the bright side,” said Dad. “Our car couldn’t have picked a prettier place to break down.” “I agree,” Mom said. “How about we walk over to that wildflower field and have our own springtime celebration I’m sure Aunt Jen wouldn’t mind if we ate the potato salad and fruit.”
At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and down about picnicking there. But as we started looking around, cool things started happening. “Look!” Mom pointed at two rabbits happily eating grass. “We’re not the only ones who think this is a good place for a picnic.” Just then, we heard a big sound, and hundreds of birds rose up out of the trees, and flew into the sky! I said, “That is the most magical thing I’ve ever seen in my life!” All in all, it was a pretty special picnic.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国国家铁路客运公司（Amtrak）的概况。
21. A。细节理解题。对比四条线路的距离可知，洛杉矶——芝加哥这一路线是最长的。四条线路中的Texas Eagle、California Zephyr、Empire Builder均为列车名。
22. D。细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的21,000 The number of route miles covered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washington, D. C. and three Canadian provinces可知，21,000代表Amtrak的火车所行驶的英里数。
23. D。细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clocker可知，Amtrak公司的第一辆火车于1971年开始运行。
补充说明：
Amtrak：美国国家铁路客运公司（National Railroad Passenger Corporation of the USA），常用商标为Amtrak，简称美国国铁或美铁，是美国唯一一家长途和城际铁路客运公司，创立于1971年5月1日，总部位于美国哥伦比亚特区华盛顿联合车站。Amtrak是一个由英文美国（America）和铁轨（track）组成的混成词。
leaf-peeping：赏叶
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者是来自美国的外教，他觉得中国人讲的英语有时候很奇怪。
24. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的As soon as I said this, all of the students looked surprised. I knew I had said something wrong. I realized that instead of telling them that everybody brings gifts to the hun li for the couple, I had said people bring gifts for them at the li hun!可知，学生们感到惊讶是因为作者把“婚礼”说成了“离婚”。
25. B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的It is a result of first thinking in Chinese and then translating each word in the sentence into English可知，作者认为中国人有时讲的英语很奇怪的一个原因是用汉语思考，再逐字翻译成英语。
26. D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的However, when we leave a car, we say “get out of the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get off ” means xia in Chinese and he thought the phrase could be followed by any means of transportation. To avoid such mistakes, you should take collocations seriously可知，作者认为这个学生之所以那么说是因为在平常学习时没有注意词语的搭配。
27. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If you have a chance to hear a native speaker from an English-speaking country, practice repeating what you hear. They can teach you how to have a conversation可知，作者给想要提高会话技能的英语学习者提供了建议——要多跟来自英语国家的人学习。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了德语发展的历史。
28. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Experts believe the basis of the German language, Proto - Germanic, began to develop about 2000 BCE, as people began to live in western areas of the Baltic Sea可知，专家认为德语最先是由约公元前2000年的原始日耳曼语发展而来的。
29. D。写作目的题。第三段中的As with many languages, German has developed along with society and sociopolitical factors have helped shape the language into what it is today为本段中心句，指出德语的发展受到了多种因素的影响，包括其他语言、移民、战争、贸易以及科技发展，之后作者用具体的事例对这一观点进行了解释说明。
30. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的A major influence on the standardization of German was Martin Luther’s German translation of an influential book in 1522. That “style” was largely based on the language used at the Saxon court. This became the basis of what we know as German today可知，马丁·路德翻译的著作为当代德语的发展奠定了基础。
31. A。主旨大意题。文章介绍了德语从原始日耳曼语发展为当代德语的过程，并指出了发展过程中的影响因素。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是德语发展的历史。
补充说明：
Proto-Germanic：原始日耳曼语，或共同日耳曼语 (Common Germanic)，是猜想中存在的一个所有日耳曼语族语言的共同祖先。
D篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是议论文。作者认为，在数字化时代，学习书写汉字仍是十分必要的。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction. In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters可知，作者认为汉字吸引了一部分外国人学习汉语。
33. C。推理判断题。第二段中作者提出Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese 这一问题，之后提到When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced，指出人们在手机或者电脑上借助语音输入系统就可以找到对应的汉字，因此可以推断有人质疑在电子时代学习书写汉字的必要性。
34. A。篇章结构题。根据第三段中的But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting. Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters可知，作者认为，如果不了解书法的基本知识，理解汉字会很难，人们需要通过掌握一些基本的书写知识来进一步理解汉字。因此，此处this指代“理解汉字”。
35. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，汉语学习者应该掌握最基本的500个汉字，甚至可以根据自己的需要扩大到1,000个。因此可以推断，作者支持汉语学习者学习书写汉字。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。文章介绍了学习第二语言的好处。
36. D。D项总领全文，指出学习第二语言有很多好处，下文作了具体介绍。
37. E。E项与上文中的Learning a second language improves your memory. Becoming bilingual exercises your brain, challenges you to concentrate, and improves your problem-solving skills为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以增强记忆、强化大脑、提高成绩。且该项与本部分小标题You become smarter相照应。
38. F。F项与下文中的Traveling through a foreign country becomes much easier if you can speak the language of that country为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以帮助人们拓宽旅行的目的地。F项中的vacation与本部分中的traveling为近义词复现关系。
39. A。下文中的Researchers are also saying that people who can speak different languages are more creative than monolingual speakers指出，学习外语可以使人变得更有创造性。本句中的creative与A项中的creativity为原词复现关系，故A项为此处小标题。
40. G。G项中的Confident与上文Confidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a foreign language is no different中的Confidence为原词复现关系，指出学习外语可以让人变得更有自信。
补充说明：
Ludwig Wittgenstein：路德维希 维特根斯坦，出生于奥地利，后入英国籍。维特根斯坦是20世纪最有影响力的哲学家之一，其研究领域主要在数学哲学、精神哲学和语言哲学等方面。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是记叙文。作者被一部中国的玄幻剧吸引，感受到了中文的魅力，并决定开始学习中文。
41. D。42. C。根据上文中的I’ve always been fascinated by languages, but I’ve never been any good at learning them可知，作者虽然总是被语言吸引，但是并不擅长学习它们。在法语课上，作者从不“注意（paid attention to）”课上所学知识，因此老师对作者的表现感到很不“高兴（happy）”。
43. A。根据下文中的I’ve started ... several others可知，此处是在讲述作者对“语言（language）”的兴趣是从何时开始的。
44. B。根据下文中的They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and probably several others. None of them stuck可知，作者学习了很多语言，包括拉丁语、俄语、西班牙语以及其他语言，所学语言多到自己都不“记得（remember）”，但是没有一门语言坚持学习了下来。
45. A。根据空前的And then came lockdown以及空后的still be able to work from home可知，封城后，作者因为能够继续居家办公而感到很“幸运（lucky）”。
46. C。47. B。根据语境可知，当晚上或者周末作者感到“无聊（bored）”的时候，他就会浏览一些电视节目来看。这也让作者“发现了（found）”一部人物关系复杂的中国玄幻剧。
48. C。49. D。根据语境可知，作者看到一半时“意识到（realized）”很多中文台词和英文翻译是不匹配的。“例如（For example）”，一个演员不是直接被称呼名字，而是被叫做“师姐”。
50. A。根据语境可知，作者进行了一些“研究（research）”，发现自己遇到了困难。
51. B。根据上文中的a Chinese fantasy drama filled with complex relationships、空前的Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”，以及下文中的So many different words for “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with more than one name可知，这部电视剧的人物关系很复杂，而“师姐”这一称谓让作者见识到了中国人物“关系（relationships）”的复杂性。诸如“aunt”、“uncle”以及“grandfather”都有不同的称谓。
52. D。53. C。根据语境可知，作者不仅因为中文和文化有着紧密的联系而被“吸引（attracted）”，同时他还认为中文是一门富有诗意的、“美丽的（beautiful）”语言。
54. B。55. D。根据语境可知，作者不想看翻译的语言，想要“理解（understand）”最原始的资料，哪怕在实现这一目标“之前（before）”需要花费很长时间。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了汉语拼音。
56. used。考查动词-ed形式作定语。此处表示“用于学习普通话的体系”，Romanization system与use之间为被动关系，故填动词-ed形式作后置定语修饰Romanization system。
57. teaching。考查动词-ing形式作宾语。设空处作介词for的宾语，故填teaching。
58. widely。考查副词。设空处修饰动词used，故填widely。
59. easier。考查形容词比较级。根据下文中的than before可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填easier。
60. countries。考查可数名词复数。country意为“国家”，为可数名词，根据空前的various可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填countries。
61. for / to。考查固定搭配。provide sth for / to sb为某人提供某物。
62. to read。考查动词不定式作定语。way后常跟动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的方法”，故填to read。
63. difficulty。考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填名词difficulty。
64. that / which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词letter combinations，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that / which。
65. it。考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，故填it。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
AMTRAK TURNS 50
Amtrak, America’s national railroad network, was set up half a century ago. We celebrate Amtrak’s routes (路线) over US railways.
LOS ANGELES
65 HRS 20 MINS, Texas Eagle, 2, 728 miles
EMERYVILLE
51 HRS 20 MINS, California Zephyr, 2,438 miles
PORTLAND
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,255 miles
SEATTLE
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,205 miles
In numbers 184 The number of Amtrak trains running each day in 1971. Today, it runs 300 daily, carrying nearly 85,700 passengers. 32.5m The number of Amtrak passenger trips made in the 2019 fiscal year (财政年度). 21,000 The number of route miles covered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washington, D.C. and three Canadian provinces (省).
Built in 1955, Amtrak’s old-style Great Dome railcar showed landscapes (风景) in California, New Mexico, Arizona and — its final tour of duty ( 责任) in 2019 — Albany to Montreal, a prize ticket in leaf-peeping season. All change: You can’t cross the US on one train. Routes that travel east and west end in Chicago or New Orleans. The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clocker, which headed to Philadelphia from New York City shortly after midnight.
21. Which of the following routes is the longest
A. LOS ANGELES-CHICAGO.
B. EMERYVILLE-CHICAGO.
C. PORTLAND-CHICAGO.
D. SEATTLE-CHICAGO.
22. What does the number “21,000” refer to
A. Daily Amtrak passengers.
B. Places Amtrak has visited.
C. Money Amtrak made in 2019.
D. Route miles covered by Amtrak.
23. What do we know about Amtrak
A. It allows people to cross the US on one train.
B. It sent passengers to New York City at first.
C. Its service covers the U.S. only.
D. Its first train set out in 1971.
B
When I first moved to China in 1998, I thought I would impress my class by using some Chinese in my speech about American weddings (婚礼). I told them everyone brings a gift to the wedding for the couple. As soon as I said this, all of the students looked surprised. I knew I had said something wrong. I realized that instead of telling them that everybody brings gifts to the hun li for the couple, I had said people bring gifts for them at the li hun!
I get laughs from some of my students because I often make mistakes and my Chinese sounds strange at times. But I tell them that sometimes their English is really strange too.
One asks, “What are you like to do in your free time ” And the other answers, “I very like basketball.” I find that even good English speakers make such mistakes. The second is by far the most common mistake I have heard among Chinese English speakers. It is a result of first thinking in Chinese and then translating each word in the sentence into English. This, of course, makes some Chinese people’s English sound strange.
“We should get off the car here,” a student told me. My school had asked two students to show me around the city by taxi. In English countries, we “get off ” a bike, bus, or train. However, when we leave a car, we say “get out of the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get off ” means xia in Chinese and he thought the phrase (短语) could be followed by any means of transportation. To avoid such mistakes, you should take collocations (搭配) seriously. Only learning vocabulary and grammar is not enough.
Some of my students sound more like a book or machine than a human. Perhaps they have gotten used to depending on books. You can also read English books out loud or use a CD, but you need the real thing. If you have a chance to hear a native speaker from an English-speaking country, practice repeating what you hear. They can teach you how to have a conversation.
24. Why did the students feel surprised
A. American weddings are difficult to organize.
B. The author’s Chinese was as fluent as Chinese.
C. The author used a completely wrong Chinese word.
D. Everyone must bring a gift to an American wedding.
25. What can cause strange English in China according to the author
A. Spelling mistakes.
B. Direct translation.
C. Cultural difference.
D. Wrong pronunciations.
26. What can we infer about the student who said “We should ... here”
A. He might be poor at vocabulary.
B. He might mistake “car” for “taxi”.
C. He might know very little about the city.
D. He might pay little attention to collocations.
27. What does the author want to share in the last paragraph？
A. Common mistakes made by Chinese English learners.
B. Differences between Chinese and American culture.
C. Suggestions on improving conversational skills.
D. His experience of learning English.
C
Experts believe the basis of the German language, Proto-Germanic, began to develop about 2000 BCE, as people began to live in western areas of the Baltic Sea. One of the first ever records of the German language dates back to the 1st century BCE when the Romans came across people from the Rhine-Danube area.
The modern German we know today is likely to be unrecognisable from the language that the Romans first experienced. It has gone through many changes, from Old High German (from about 700 CE to the eleventh century),Middle High German (from about 1050 to 1350), Early New High German (1350 to 1600) to New High German (from about 1600 to the present).
As with many languages, German has developed along with society and sociopolitical (社会政治的) factors have helped shape the language into what it is today. New words from other languages have been adopted (采纳) by German speakers. Others have been introduced into the German language because of more communications with foreigners either because of migration (移民), trade, war, or the development of new technology from cinema to the Internet. For example, today Germans will have “brainstorming sessions” — using the English term. Similarly, most speakers have adopted English words related to technology like the Internet or email, as it happens in several other languages.
German is an interesting language because of the dominance (优势) of dialects, which appeared because of the fact that there was no cultural centre, like Paris in France. By the end of the Middle Ages action was taken to create a “Standard German language”, so that people from different areas could communicate more easily with each other. A major influence on the standardization of German was Martin Luther’s German translation of an influential book in 1522. That “style” was largely based on the language used at the Saxon court. This became the basis of what we know as German today.
28. When do experts think German started to develop first？
A. In the 1st century BCE.
B. About 2000 BCE.
C. About 1350.
D. In 700 CE.
29. The author lists the example in paragraph 3 to _____.
A. stress that learning the German language is helpful
B. prove that the German language has a long history
C. explain why the German language is difficult to learn
D. show that many factors have helped shape the language
30. What did Martin Luther do？
A. He helped set the basis of German today.
B. He did a lot of research on German dialects.
C. He wrote a book in both German and English.
D. He shaped German with the help of the French.
31. What is this text mainly about
A. A brief history of the German language.
B. How the German language spread worldwide.
C. The influence of technology on the German language.
D. How the German language influenced other languages.
D
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction. In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters. After having studied Chinese for a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very long time to learn.
Living as we do in a digital era (数字时代) with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question: Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input (语音输入) systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced. Since we enter different characters, we seldom need to be able to recognise the difference between individual (每个) characters in detail; the computer makes the right choices for us. Do we really need to write Chinese by hand at all
I think most people agree that you should learn to write at least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say. But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting. Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters. You don’t need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this. Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
I think learning the most common 500 characters or so is a good idea for all students. If you actually want to write by hand, extend (扩大) that to 1,000. Then learn to handwrite characters outside of the 1, 000 most common on a need-to-know basis.
32. What does the author think of Chinese characters
A. They are less communicative than English words.
B. They attract some foreigners to learn Chinese.
C. They show the greatness of Chinese culture.
D. They are not really that difficult.
33. What can we infer about characters in paragraph 2
A. Characters are very difficult for foreigners to learn.
B. People believe learning to write characters is important.
C. People doubt the necessity of learning to write characters.
D. Characters may disappear with the development of society.
34. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Understanding characters.
B. Being a calligraphy master.
C. Keeping a good learning habit.
D. Learning basic handwriting skills.
35. What is the author’s attitude to learning to write characters in the digital age
A. Worried. B. Uncaring. C. Surprised. D. Supportive.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning a second language is really helpful for us. 36
1. You become smarter.
Learning a second language improves your memory (记忆). Becoming bilingual (双语的) exercises your brain, challenges you to concentrate, and improves your problem-solving skills. 37 Learning a second language also improves your native language, as it teaches you the structures (结构) behind any language — not just new languages.
2. It’s great for traveling.
Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein said that “the limits (限制) of your language are the limits of your world,” and he was right. 38 Traveling through a foreign country becomes much easier if you can speak the language of that country.
3. 39
Researchers are also saying that people who can speak different languages are more creative than monolingual (仅懂一种语言的) speakers. Learning a foreign language improves not only your ability to solve problems, it also makes you experiment with new words.
4. It builds up your self-confidence.
You’re about to teach yourself to believe, “Yes, I can.” Confidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a foreign language is no different. 40 The way you use to develop a second tongue results in a greater sense of open-mindedness.
A. It increases your creativity.
B. You can share it with your new friends.
C. Learning a second language is easier as a child.
D. There are many advantages of learning a foreign language.
E. Bilingual students are likely to score higher than monolingual students.
F. Knowing more than one language opens up your vacation possibilities.
G. Confident people are more interesting than those who are unsure of themselves.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve always been fascinated (迷住) by languages, but I’ve never been any good at learning them. I remember sitting in my French lessons, I never 41 what I was being taught. My teacher wasn’t 42 .
But one of my A Levels was English Language, and that was where my interest in 43 started. Over the last few years, I’ve started learning more languages than I can 44 . They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and probably several others. None of them stuck.
And then came lockdown. While I was 45 enough to still be able to work from home, on evenings and weekends, I found myself getting 46 and looking through Netflix for something to watch. That’s how I 47 a Chinese fantasy drama (玄幻剧) filled with complex (复杂的) relationships.
But by the time I got about halfway through the show, I 48 that in some cases, the words being spoken in Chinese didn’t match the words being said in the English translations. 49 , a character was being called shijie instead of by her name. I went online, did some 50 and met a difficulty.
Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”, introduced me to the complexities of Chinese 51 . So many different words for “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with more than one name!
I was 52 by the way the language is so intertwined (紧密相连) with the culture, and how poetic and 53 it is. I wanted to be able to 54 the source material (原始资料), even if it was going to take me a long while 55 I got to that point.
41. A. looked out for B. depended on C. laughed at D. paid attention to
42. A. angry B. relaxed C. happy D. nervous
43. A. language B. culture C. school D. history
44. A. enjoy B. remember C. suggest D. choose
45. A. lucky B. worried C. mad D. surprised
46. A. doubtful B. pleased C. bored D. helpful
47. A. forgot B. found C. created D. directed
48. A. expected B. decided C. realized D. hoped
49. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example
50. A. research B. business C. interviews D. tests
51. A. families B. relationships C. dramas D. lifestyles
52. A. hurt B. saddened C. encouraged D. attracted
53. A. strange B. difficult C. beautiful D. satisfying
54. A. believe B. understand C. accept D. imagine
55. A. though B. unless C. once D. before
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a Romanization system 56. ________ (use) to learn Mandarin (普通话). It describes the sounds of Mandarin using the Western (Roman) alphabet (字母表). Commonly, Pinyin is used for 57. ________ (teach) school children to read. And it is also 58. ________ (wide) used in teaching Westerners who wish to learn Mandarin.
Pinyin was developed in the 1950s and is now the official Romanization system of China, Singapore, and the American Library Association. Library standards make it 59. ________ (easy) to find Chinese language materials than before. A worldwide standard also helps the exchange of information between organizations in various 60. ________ (country).
Learning Pinyin is important. Pinyin provides a comfortable base 61. ________ anyone trying to learn Mandarin: it looks familiar (熟悉的). It offers a way 62. ________ (read) Chinese without using Chinese characters — a major 63. ________ (difficult) for foreigners who want to learn Mandarin. Pinyin is not perfect. It uses many letter combinations (组合) 64. ________ are unknown in English and other Western languages. Anyone who has not studied Pinyin is likely to mispronounce the spellings. Although there are some disadvantages of Pinyin, 65. ________ is best to have a single system of Romanization for the Mandarin language.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你所在的学校将举办以“汉字的演变”为主题的活动。请给你的留学生朋友Elsa写封邮件邀请她参加，内容包括：
1. 活动的时间以及地点；
2. 活动的内容。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
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第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family hadn’t done anything different in forever. So when my aunt Jen invited us to the outdoor spring celebration at her farm last month, I was so excited that I decided to make an extra-special treat. “Yummy!” my little sister said, stealing a sweet.
“That’s enough, Indi!” I said. “I need those for my lambs (羔羊)!”
“I didn’t know lambs liked sweets,” She laughed.
I laughed too. “I’m not feeding them to the lambs. I’m making lamb decorations (装饰) for my cupcakes.” “I want to help!” she said.
“Me too!” said my brother.
“OK,” I said. “I guess you two can decorate your own.”
Of course, they used way too many sweets.
“I have the fluffiest (最蓬松的) sheep of all!” said Tex.
“Mine is fluffier!” said Indi.
“They look equally fluffy to me,” I said. “Maybe they’re twins, just like you.”
“Okey-dokey!” said my dad. “The picnic goes from twelve to three. We’d better get a move on!” First, we had to wait for Tex to find his shoes. Next, as we were driving down the road, we had to go back to the house because my mom forgot her wallet. Then, about halfway to Aunt Jen’s house, we had to drive far out of our way to find a place for Indi to use the restroom. After that, my parents decided it’d be quicker to take this one little side road as a shortcut. But the shortcut ended up turning into a long cut! We drove forever on a winding road, and just when we were in the middle of nowhere, our car started making a strange noise.
“Sorry,” said my mom. “We’re going to have to pull over and call roadside services.”
“Nooo!” I said. “We’re already late.”
“Don’t worry,” said my dad. “I’m sure help will arrive soon.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
But as you can probably guess by the way this story has gone so far, help did not arrive soon at all. ______________________________________________________
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At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and down about picnicking there.
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参考答案
1-20 略
21-25 ADDCB 26-30 DCBDA 31-35 ABCAD 36-40 DEFAG
41-45 DCABA 46-50 CBCDA 51-55 BDCBD
56. used 57. teaching 58. widely
59. easier 60. countries 61. for / to
62. to read 63. difficulty 64. that / which 65. it
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Elsa,
I’m writing to invite you to take part in an activity held by our school next Friday from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. in the school hall.
The activity will focus on the history and development of Chinese characters. Related pictures and films will be shown during the period. Besides, I heard some experts would be invited to give speeches. I know you’re interested in Chinese culture so I believe you will like it.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
But as you can probably guess by the way this story has gone so far, help did not arrive soon at all. “We’re going to miss everything!” said Tex. “Not fair!” said Indi. “Look on the bright side,” said Dad. “Our car couldn’t have picked a prettier place to break down.” “I agree,” Mom said. “How about we walk over to that wildflower field and have our own springtime celebration I’m sure Aunt Jen wouldn’t mind if we ate the potato salad and fruit.”
At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and down about picnicking there. But as we started looking around, cool things started happening. “Look!” Mom pointed at two rabbits happily eating grass. “We’re not the only ones who think this is a good place for a picnic.” Just then, we heard a big sound, and hundreds of birds rose up out of the trees, and flew into the sky! I said, “That is the most magical thing I’ve ever seen in my life!” All in all, it was a pretty special picnic.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国国家铁路客运公司（Amtrak）的概况。
21. A。细节理解题。对比四条线路的距离可知，洛杉矶——芝加哥这一路线是最长的。四条线路中的Texas Eagle、California Zephyr、Empire Builder均为列车名。
22. D。细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的21,000 The number of route miles covered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washington, D. C. and three Canadian provinces可知，21,000代表Amtrak的火车所行驶的英里数。
23. D。细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clocker可知，Amtrak公司的第一辆火车于1971年开始运行。
补充说明：
Amtrak：美国国家铁路客运公司（National Railroad Passenger Corporation of the USA），常用商标为Amtrak，简称美国国铁或美铁，是美国唯一一家长途和城际铁路客运公司，创立于1971年5月1日，总部位于美国哥伦比亚特区华盛顿联合车站。Amtrak是一个由英文美国（America）和铁轨（track）组成的混成词。
leaf-peeping：赏叶
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者是来自美国的外教，他觉得中国人讲的英语有时候很奇怪。
24. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的As soon as I said this, all of the students looked surprised. I knew I had said something wrong. I realized that instead of telling them that everybody brings gifts to the hun li for the couple, I had said people bring gifts for them at the li hun!可知，学生们感到惊讶是因为作者把“婚礼”说成了“离婚”。
25. B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的It is a result of first thinking in Chinese and then translating each word in the sentence into English可知，作者认为中国人有时讲的英语很奇怪的一个原因是用汉语思考，再逐字翻译成英语。
26. D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的However, when we leave a car, we say “get out of the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get off ” means xia in Chinese and he thought the phrase could be followed by any means of transportation. To avoid such mistakes, you should take collocations seriously可知，作者认为这个学生之所以那么说是因为在平常学习时没有注意词语的搭配。
27. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If you have a chance to hear a native speaker from an English-speaking country, practice repeating what you hear. They can teach you how to have a conversation可知，作者给想要提高会话技能的英语学习者提供了建议——要多跟来自英语国家的人学习。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了德语发展的历史。
28. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Experts believe the basis of the German language, Proto - Germanic, began to develop about 2000 BCE, as people began to live in western areas of the Baltic Sea可知，专家认为德语最先是由约公元前2000年的原始日耳曼语发展而来的。
29. D。写作目的题。第三段中的As with many languages, German has developed along with society and sociopolitical factors have helped shape the language into what it is today为本段中心句，指出德语的发展受到了多种因素的影响，包括其他语言、移民、战争、贸易以及科技发展，之后作者用具体的事例对这一观点进行了解释说明。
30. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的A major influence on the standardization of German was Martin Luther’s German translation of an influential book in 1522. That “style” was largely based on the language used at the Saxon court. This became the basis of what we know as German today可知，马丁·路德翻译的著作为当代德语的发展奠定了基础。
31. A。主旨大意题。文章介绍了德语从原始日耳曼语发展为当代德语的过程，并指出了发展过程中的影响因素。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是德语发展的历史。
补充说明：
Proto-Germanic：原始日耳曼语，或共同日耳曼语 (Common Germanic)，是猜想中存在的一个所有日耳曼语族语言的共同祖先。
D篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是议论文。作者认为，在数字化时代，学习书写汉字仍是十分必要的。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction. In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters可知，作者认为汉字吸引了一部分外国人学习汉语。
33. C。推理判断题。第二段中作者提出Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese 这一问题，之后提到When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced，指出人们在手机或者电脑上借助语音输入系统就可以找到对应的汉字，因此可以推断有人质疑在电子时代学习书写汉字的必要性。
34. A。篇章结构题。根据第三段中的But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting. Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters可知，作者认为，如果不了解书法的基本知识，理解汉字会很难，人们需要通过掌握一些基本的书写知识来进一步理解汉字。因此，此处this指代“理解汉字”。
35. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，汉语学习者应该掌握最基本的500个汉字，甚至可以根据自己的需要扩大到1,000个。因此可以推断，作者支持汉语学习者学习书写汉字。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。文章介绍了学习第二语言的好处。
36. D。D项总领全文，指出学习第二语言有很多好处，下文作了具体介绍。
37. E。E项与上文中的Learning a second language improves your memory. Becoming bilingual exercises your brain, challenges you to concentrate, and improves your problem-solving skills为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以增强记忆、强化大脑、提高成绩。且该项与本部分小标题You become smarter相照应。
38. F。F项与下文中的Traveling through a foreign country becomes much easier if you can speak the language of that country为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以帮助人们拓宽旅行的目的地。F项中的vacation与本部分中的traveling为近义词复现关系。
39. A。下文中的Researchers are also saying that people who can speak different languages are more creative than monolingual speakers指出，学习外语可以使人变得更有创造性。本句中的creative与A项中的creativity为原词复现关系，故A项为此处小标题。
40. G。G项中的Confident与上文Confidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a foreign language is no different中的Confidence为原词复现关系，指出学习外语可以让人变得更有自信。
补充说明：
Ludwig Wittgenstein：路德维希 维特根斯坦，出生于奥地利，后入英国籍。维特根斯坦是20世纪最有影响力的哲学家之一，其研究领域主要在数学哲学、精神哲学和语言哲学等方面。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是记叙文。作者被一部中国的玄幻剧吸引，感受到了中文的魅力，并决定开始学习中文。
41. D。42. C。根据上文中的I’ve always been fascinated by languages, but I’ve never been any good at learning them可知，作者虽然总是被语言吸引，但是并不擅长学习它们。在法语课上，作者从不“注意（paid attention to）”课上所学知识，因此老师对作者的表现感到很不“高兴（happy）”。
43. A。根据下文中的I’ve started ... several others可知，此处是在讲述作者对“语言（language）”的兴趣是从何时开始的。
44. B。根据下文中的They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and probably several others. None of them stuck可知，作者学习了很多语言，包括拉丁语、俄语、西班牙语以及其他语言，所学语言多到自己都不“记得（remember）”，但是没有一门语言坚持学习了下来。
45. A。根据空前的And then came lockdown以及空后的still be able to work from home可知，封城后，作者因为能够继续居家办公而感到很“幸运（lucky）”。
46. C。47. B。根据语境可知，当晚上或者周末作者感到“无聊（bored）”的时候，他就会浏览一些电视节目来看。这也让作者“发现了（found）”一部人物关系复杂的中国玄幻剧。
48. C。49. D。根据语境可知，作者看到一半时“意识到（realized）”很多中文台词和英文翻译是不匹配的。“例如（For example）”，一个演员不是直接被称呼名字，而是被叫做“师姐”。
50. A。根据语境可知，作者进行了一些“研究（research）”，发现自己遇到了困难。
51. B。根据上文中的a Chinese fantasy drama filled with complex relationships、空前的Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”，以及下文中的So many different words for “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with more than one name可知，这部电视剧的人物关系很复杂，而“师姐”这一称谓让作者见识到了中国人物“关系（relationships）”的复杂性。诸如“aunt”、“uncle”以及“grandfather”都有不同的称谓。
52. D。53. C。根据语境可知，作者不仅因为中文和文化有着紧密的联系而被“吸引（attracted）”，同时他还认为中文是一门富有诗意的、“美丽的（beautiful）”语言。
54. B。55. D。根据语境可知，作者不想看翻译的语言，想要“理解（understand）”最原始的资料，哪怕在实现这一目标“之前（before）”需要花费很长时间。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了汉语拼音。
56. used。考查动词-ed形式作定语。此处表示“用于学习普通话的体系”，Romanization system与use之间为被动关系，故填动词-ed形式作后置定语修饰Romanization system。
57. teaching。考查动词-ing形式作宾语。设空处作介词for的宾语，故填teaching。
58. widely。考查副词。设空处修饰动词used，故填widely。
59. easier。考查形容词比较级。根据下文中的than before可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填easier。
60. countries。考查可数名词复数。country意为“国家”，为可数名词，根据空前的various可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填countries。
61. for / to。考查固定搭配。provide sth for / to sb为某人提供某物。
62. to read。考查动词不定式作定语。way后常跟动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的方法”，故填to read。
63. difficulty。考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填名词difficulty。
64. that / which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词letter combinations，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that / which。
65. it。考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，故填it。