人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration单元测评卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration单元测评卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-01 20:30:35 | ||
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Unit 3 单元测评卷
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
(2022广东省10月质检)
Child Friendly To
A program Child Friendly To is working to transform Toronto into a place where all children can learn,play and grow in the healthiest way.We are building a culture that applies a child-friendly view to city planning and decision-making by increasing the role and voice of children in city management and increasing the rights of children across Toronto.We believe that:
★Children are important residents with unique ideas and experiences that have the power to change how we make plans and decisions.
★Children are experts in child-friendliness.Listening to children’s ideas creates opportunity and improves equality.Building a city that is friendly to children requires an understanding of what living in the city is like for a child.
★Engaging with children is our responsibility and duty.The local government has a responsibility to listen to children,as with all residents,when making plans and decisions.
November 20th is National Child Day in Canada.The day celebrates the importance of children as active participants in their own lives and communities,who can and should have opportunities for meaningful contributions to decision-making.
To celebrate National Child Day 2020,an event was held at City Hall with local students and city leaders.Children in grades four and five in Toronto were invited to share their ideas about creating a child-friendly city.We asked them:
★What would a child-friendly Toronto look,feel and sound like
★If you had one wish to make Toronto more child-friendly,what would it be
Children from nine schools across Toronto submitted hundreds of responses,from written texts,to drawings,photographs and maps.They described the people,places and things that need to be involved and considered to create a child-friendly city.
1.What is the purpose of Child Friendly To
A.To find ways to improve children’s health.
B.To help children make their own decisions.
C.To change Toronto into a child-friendly city.
D.To tell children how to be more friendly.
2.Why should we listen to children’s ideas
A.They know more about the program.
B.They have more friends than adults do.
C.They always have better plans and decisions.
D.They know better what a child-friendly city is like.
3.Who took part in the celebration of National Child Day 2020
A.Experts and leaders of the program. B.City planners and decision-makers.
C.Teacher and student representatives. D.Local students and leaders of the city.
B
I don’t think I can recall a time when I wasn’t aware of the beauty of the ocean.Growing up in Australia,I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side.The first time I went to Half Moon Bay,I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.
For my 10th birthday,my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.There were fish in different colors,caves and layers of coral.They made such an impression on me.When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia’s Coral Sea was protected,I was shocked.Australian marine life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on the earth.But sadly,only 45% of the world’s reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic is depressing,so it’s important to do everything to protect them.The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete eco-system has led me to take action.I’ve become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity,which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean’s species will all have a safe place forever.
Together,Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement.Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy,who grew up sailing,admiring the beauty of the ocean and trying to find the species.
4.What can we learn about the author from the underlined sentence in paragraph 1
A.He had a wonderful impression of Half Moon Bay.
B.He seldom went surfing at the sea.
C.He forgot his experiences about the ocean.
D.He never went back to his hometown.
5.What can we know about Australian marine life according to the second paragraph
A.It is protected better than that in other oceans.
B.It is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually.
C.It depends on reefs for living greatly.
D.It may be faced with danger.
6.What is the Protect Our Coral Sea activity intended to do
A.To raise more teenagers’ environmental awareness.
B.To contribute to a complete eco-system.
C.To prevent more marine species being endangered.
D.To set up a large nature reserve for reefs.
7.Why did Angus and the author create a little video
A.To bring back to people their memory of ocean species.
B.To urge more people to take action to protect the marine species.
C.To inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean.
D.To share their childhood experiences about the ocean.
C
(2022江西南昌高二检测)
It seems that we can’t get off the planet fast enough.Two thirds of NASA’s money is spent on manned space exploration,and that number will grow with the USA’s decision to send a man to Mars in 2037.We’ve seen all there is to see on Earth,right Wrong.The final place is here,under the surface of the sea.
Heading down into the ocean,human limits are quickly reached.At 200 metres,the water is as black as a moonless night.Most nuclear submarines(核潜艇) would implode(内爆) before they reach 1 km down.At 3 km—still less than the average depth of the ocean—there’s a good chance that you’ll discover a new species.The deepest-diving whales go no further.At the very bottom,about 11 km down,lies the Challenger Deep,the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon,but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.
Yet things live down there.Big things.A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale,the largest creature known on the planet.
In the late 1990s,a deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean,and passing 4,000 metres,it discovered something huge passing under it.Surprised Don’t be.The ocean covers 70% of the planet’s surface and we’ve studied less than 5% of it.We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.
One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms.The search for life outside of Earth is important,but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans.They’re absolutely important for doing ocean research too,but they can’t look under the sea.The cost of exploration is rising,but the results would benefit all our lives.Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food,drugs and energy.
Perhaps now it’s time to begin a new period of sea exploration.Manned exploration of space is science fiction.The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.
8.What do the examples in paragraph 2 suggest
A.Sea exploration is no easy task.
B.Nuclear submarines need to be improved.
C.The ocean is far deeper than people expected.
D.The condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.
9.What do we know about the Challenger Deep
A.Blue whales live there.
B.No one has ever been there.
C.People are terrified by the sight of it.
D.It is the deepest known location on Earth.
10.What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean
A.It’s surprising. B.It’s no wonder.
C.It’s worrying. D.It’s no success.
11.What does the author want to tell us
A.Space exploration is of little value.
B.We spend too much money on space travel.
C.Humans’ success lies in how much they explore the sea.
D.The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.
D
(2022四川成都上学期摸底测试)
As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists,the three-spined stickleback(三刺鱼) is known for their different shapes,sizes,and behaviors—they can even live in both sea water and fresh water,and under a wide range of temperatures.But what makes that
The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment,using genome sequencing(基因组测序).Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt and fresh water,and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season.
“These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10,000 years,” says Professor Barrett.“We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past.”
Remarkably,the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats,which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations.“These genetic changes occurred in independent populations over a single season,highlighting just how quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected,” says Professor Barrett,“the findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to the environment.”
The research emphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a better understanding of how natural selection operates.In the further research,they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are,by testing whether they show up year after year.Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.
12.What does the underlined word “that” refer to in paragraph 1
A.The three-spined stickleback is under a wide range of temperatures.
B.The three-spined stickleback is popular with evolutionary ecologists.
C.The three-spined stickleback can adapt to different living conditions.
D.The three-spined stickleback has different shapes,sizes,and behaviours.
13.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The difficulties of the research. B.The purpose of the research.
C.The background of the research. D.The methods of the research.
14.What is the main reason for the three-spined stickleback’s survival
A.Habitat shifts. B.Genetic changes.
C.Seasonal changes. D.Independent populations.
15.Why will scientists study the repetition of the genetic changes
A.To know what natural selection is.
B.To study species in dynamic environments.
C.To test the reliability of the present discoveries.
D.To forecast the evolutionary future of certain species.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022河北省9月摸底联考)
Many parents have had challenging conversations with their children.There’s one more to add to the list—climate change. 16 But the most important thing parents can give them is hope:there are solutions,and everyone has something to contribute no matter what their ages are.Here are tips that will help parents have a positive climate conversation with their children.
Start by listening. 17 They first learn about climate change in the school,online or from their friends.By taking time to understand how children feel about climate change,parents can help them figure out how they can be part of the solution.
18 Being a parent is tough and the to-do list never seems to end.The good news is talking about climate change doesn’t have to be complicated.There are many websites parents can turn to for help.Continuing to learn more about climate change can prepare parents themselves to answer kids’ questions.
Connect with nature.Encouraging kids to play outside helps them appreciate the outdoors.A study conducted a few years ago found that kids who play outdoors are more likely to be interested in protecting nature. 19 Research suggests that kids who interact with nature are more likely to be in good health.
Encourage kids to act.Most kids know that climate change is happening,but they might not know what they can do to fix it.Often,what holds them back from acting is a lack of efficacy(效力):they are not convinced that they can make a difference.So build children’s efficacy by looking for examples of people,especially kids who are making a difference. 20
A.Keep learning.
B.It isn’t only about the future.
C.Improve their learning efficiency.
D.Climate change is real and the threat of it is serious.
E.Tell them that kids’ actions are already incredibly effective.
F.Many children are already aware that the climate is changing.
G.Parents should know what children have learned in the school.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2022广东深圳第一次质检)
When I was young,I loved and really did well in drawing and art.I won awards,got constant attention,and even saw my face in the 21 and on television because of my natural ability to 22 .
Most people who happen to come across something that they are good at are 23 to take it and run with it.Of course,my life was no 24 .From teachers,to principals,to family members,everyone seemingly had a ton of advice to give me in regards to art.
All the while,my true desire was 25 .I entered poetry,essay,and short-story contests and 26 them all.It was such a contrast from my artistic 27 experience!It was so bad that I 28 a good friend who told me once,“If you are so good at drawing,why do you even care about writing 29 drawing!”
Though well intended,eighteen years later I’m 30 I didn’t take his words to heart.Years went by with me still writing and still occasionally entering 31 .It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got honorable 32 in a poetry contest.As a writer I’ve truly 33 .
I’m sure there are things in your life that are 34 and yet,rewarding.Endurance,especially when it comes to things you truly love is essential.Take some time to devote some more energy to the “thing” that didn’t come 35 and see what happens.
21.A.street B.school C.newspaper D.book
22.A.draw B.act C.learn D.show
23.A.encouraged B.invited C.developed D.permitted
24.A.perfect B.different C.similar D.lucky
25.A.art B.fixing C.writing D.music
26.A.won B.ignored C.missed D.lost
27.A.interest B.competition C.career D.talent
28.A.had B.made C.found D.met
29.A.Give up B.Take in C.Stick to D.Put away
30.A.glad B.sorry C.sad D.sure
31.A.training B.contests C.articles D.trouble
32.A.appearance B.change C.mention D.name
33.A.forgot B.regretted C.expected D.grown
34.A.challenging B.beautiful C.appealing D.hopeful
35.A.young B.bad C.usual D.easy
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New Yorkers were shocked in early December when a creature as big as a school bus 36.(surface) from the Hudson River.Over the next three days, 37. humpback whale(座头鲸) swam by several popular tourist destinations,where a journalist took 38. (photo) of the animal seemingly waving its tail at Lady Liberty.
Scientists say NYC0089,which hasn’t been spotted in several weeks,has likely returned to deeper waters south of the Hudson.Still,the 39. (frequent) of whale sightings in the broader area has gone up rapidly in recent years.
“With these numbers increasing 40. (sharp),it’s not surprising that you’re seeing them in some unusual places,”says Brown—a biologist,“including the Hudson River and Staten Island.”
Scientists say the 41. (rise) whale sightings are likely related to purer water and a brimming buffet of Atlantic menhaden,a fish favored by humpbacks,resulting 42. landmark environmental regulations 43. (pass) in the 1970s as well as New York city clean-up efforts.
“Seeing more whales in this area is a sign 44. the waters are cleaner and there’s more food here for these whales,” Brown says.“It shows that 45. we’ve been doing is working,so we need to keep doing that—and more—to protect these species.”
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的美国朋友 Tom听说在中国通过扫描二维码就可以实现非现金支付,他感到不可思议,请你写封邮件告知他非现金支付在中国的一些情况,内容包括:
1.非现金支付的优点;
2.非现金支付的缺点;
3.你的结论。
注意:词数80左右。
第二节(满分25分)
(2022广东9月质检)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last night,my partner John and I went to the levees(堤岸) where I was relearning how to run.He supported on his bike and I went as fast or as slow as my old legs wanted to take me.Ahead of us was a very old man with a plastic bag who seemed to be unable to walk a straight line.John said,“You keep running,and I will check on him.”
John was holding his hand.John told the man,“We are going to come back this way.If you are still here,we will check on you.” The man said he was fine but he was going to stay down for a bit.He was on the ground at the bottom of the levee and off a walkway that backed up into other people’s homes.We ran on for 10-15 minutes or so and turned around.
John rode ahead to see if he was still there.When I got to the spot,there was John and the man.The man didn’t look fine—he was stumbling(蹒跚而行) around and seemed lost.
The man in the meantime tried to climb up the levee and fell again and as he sat there,I walked down.I said,“Hi,my name is Mia,what’s your name ” He laughed and looked at me.I said light-heartedly,“I am relearning how to run.I didn’t realize it was so difficult.” He said,“Oh my son and I run too—yeah it’s not always easy.”
It was starting to get dark.It turns out the man’s name was John too.I said,“Shall we walk together,John ” He said,“Okay.” He didn’t want me to grab his hand or arm to help him,so I said,“I’ll just stand by you if that is okay.” “That’s okay,” he said.
We walked down the levee together with John riding behind.Through our walk he swerved(急转弯) from either side of the levee —I stayed calm and moved to either side casually trying not to look like I was blocking.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
I said to our new friend John,“Do you know why we are concerned ”
He waved goodbye to us and practically ran into the dark.
参考答案
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了多伦多为了创建儿童友好型城市的“Child Friendly To”计划。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,Child Friendly To计划的目的是将多伦多建设成儿童友好型城市。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据We believe that 中的第二点,尤其是首句“Children are experts in child-friendliness.” 可知D项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文中“To celebrate National Child Day 2020,an event was held at City Hall with local students and city leaders.”可知,主要是当地学生和城市领导参加这项活动。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在澳大利亚长大,喜欢海洋的美丽和众多的海洋生物。当得知澳大利亚海洋生物面临危险时,作者采取行动,参与了“保护珊瑚海”活动,并号召更多人保护海洋物种。
4.A 推理判断题。上文“I don’t think I can recall a time...the sea at my side.”提到作者意识到了海洋的美丽,在澳大利亚长大,很幸运身边有大海。下文作者描述了澳大利亚美丽的海洋和动植物,由此推知作者到达Half Moon Bay后感受到了它的美,对Half Moon Bay有美好的印象。故选A项。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“When I learned...are considered healthy.”可知当作者得知澳大利亚只有1%的珊瑚海受到保护时,感到震惊。得知世界上只有45%的珊瑚礁被认为是健康的,作者感到悲哀。由此推知澳大利亚海洋生物可能面临危险,故选D项。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I’ve become involved....have a safe place forever.”可知作者参与了“保护珊瑚海”活动,该活动旨在创建世界上最大的海洋公园,使之成为海洋物种永远安全的地方,防止更多海洋物种濒临灭绝。故选C项。
7.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Together,Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement.”可知作者和Angus制作了一个小视频,希望它能激励人们成为“保护珊瑚海”活动的一部分,敦促更多的人采取行动来保护海洋物种,防止更多海洋物种濒临灭绝。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对the Mariana Trench和Southern Ocean海底勘探的描述,讲述了人类对深海的探索,比起对太空的探索,或许深海探索更具现实意义。
8.A 细节理解题。由第二段中“Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon,but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.”可知,已经有18个人在月球行走过,但是目睹Mariana Trench深度的却只有3个人。可见比起探索太空,人类对于深海的探索更艰难。故选A项。
9.D 细节理解题。由第二段中“At the very bottom,about 11 km down,lies the Challenger Deep,the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.”可知,the Challenger Deep位于海底大概11千米的位置,是the Mariana Trench最深的部分。与 D项相符。故选D项。
10.B 细节理解题。由第四段可知,对于Southern Ocean的发现,作者并不感到惊讶,地球表面70%被海水覆盖,人类对于它的研究还不到5%。对月球阴暗面的了解都比海底多。故选B项。
11.D 主旨大意题。由倒数第二段可知,对于太空的探索是很重要,可机器人会比人类做得更好。但对于探索海底,机器人做不到。虽然勘探费用高一些,但可以帮人类找到更多食物、药品和能量来源,对人类的实际意义更大。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员通过跟踪记录,发现三刺鱼可以在不同的环境中存活是由于其基因改变。
12.C 词义猜测题。代词一般指代上文中提到的内容,根据语境可知,that指代上文中的“they can even live in both sea water and fresh water,and under a wide range of temperatures”故C项“它们可以适应不同的生存环境”正确。
13.D 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“研究人员利用基因组测序,在它们生存环境季节性变化前后跟踪记录了6个种群的鱼类”可知,本段主要讲到了研究方法,故D项正确。
14.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Remarkably,the researchers...the seasonal shifts in habitats”可推知,三刺鱼之所以能够生存下去,其主要原因就在于基因改变,故B项正确。
15.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Doing so would...the evolutionary future of these populations”可知,科学家研究基因改变的重复是为了预测未来某些物种的进化前景,故D项正确。
16.D 17.F 18.A 19.B 20.E
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者持之以恒地追求自己并不擅长的写作的故事启迪我们:相信自己,接受挑战,持之以恒,结果总是值得期待的。
21.C 根据“and on television”可知,甚至在报纸和电视上都能看到作者。故选C项。
22.A 根据上文“I loved and really did well in drawing and art.”可知,作者有天生的绘画才能。故选A项。
23.A 根据“take it and run with it.”以及常识可知,大多数偶然发现自己擅长的东西的人都被鼓励去接受并实践它。故选A项。
24.B 根据下文“From teachers,to principals,to family members,everyone seemingly had a ton of advice to give me in regards to art.”可知,作者的生活也不例外。故选B项。
25.C 根据下文“I entered poetry,essay,and short-story contests”可知,作者的真正的愿望是写作。下文“why do you even care about writing ”也是提示,故选C项。
26.D 根据下文“It was such a contrast from my artistic experience!”可知,作者参加了诗歌、散文和短篇小说比赛,但都输了。故选D项。
27.B 根据上文的“contests”可知,参加诗歌、散文和短篇小说比赛与作者的艺术比赛经历形成了鲜明的对比。故选B项。
28.A 根据“good friend who told me once”可知,作者有一个朋友。故选A项。
29.C 根据上文“If you are so good at drawing,why do you even care about writing ”可知,朋友的言外之意是让作者坚持绘画。give up“放弃”;take in“吸收”;stick to“坚持”;put away“收拾”。故选C项。
30.A 根据下文“It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got honorable in a poetry contest.”可知,作者在写作方面成功了,所以作者很高兴没有把他的话放在心上。故选A项。
31.B 根据下文“in a poetry contest”可知,作者偶尔也会参加比赛。故选B项。
32.C 根据常识可知,比赛是设置各种奖项的,这里指作者获得了优秀奖。honorable mention“优秀奖”。故选C项。
33.D 根据上文可知,直到大学一年级,作者终于在一次诗歌比赛中获得优秀奖,作者真的是在成长。故选D项。
34.A 根据“yet,rewarding”以及生活常识可知,生活中有很多挑战和收获。故选A项。
35.D 根据上文作者追求自己并不擅长的写作最终成功了,可知,作者鼓励读者花点时间多花点精力在那些来之不易的“事情”上,看看会发生什么。故选D项。
36.surfaced 37.the 38.photos 39.frequency
40.sharply 41.rising 42.from 43.passed 44.that 45.what
写作
第一节
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to tell you something about non-cash payments in China.Some think they provide us with more convenience.What’s more,we can save much time when purchasing on the Internet platform.Besides,we don’t have to worry about getting the fake cash.
Others think despite their convenience,it will take more risks protecting your private possessions.For example,we might be monitored while paying for what we have bought.Meanwhile,what if we are in a place without Internet access or our phone battery dies
In conclusion,non-cash payments are under construction,so it will be more popular in the years to come.
第二节
I said to our new friend John,“Do you know why we are concerned ” He quietly smiled and said,“Not really.” “You seem just a little unstable and it’s getting late.It’s not safe for you to walk alone.Will you let us take you home ” I asked a few times in various kind ways and each time he shook his head.At last,I said carefully,“At least let’s walk together until we get to the sidewalk.Then we will feel relaxed.” “That’s good,” he said with a big smile on his face.
He waved goodbye to us and practically ran into the dark.We saw that he had made the right turns and was on a way that was safer,with light and no cliffs.We had to trust he would be okay and I said a little prayer to the universe.We felt so happy because we did a good deed to help an old man who’s positive and independent.We were also encouraged by this old man’s spirit.What a wonderful experience we have had!
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
(2022广东省10月质检)
Child Friendly To
A program Child Friendly To is working to transform Toronto into a place where all children can learn,play and grow in the healthiest way.We are building a culture that applies a child-friendly view to city planning and decision-making by increasing the role and voice of children in city management and increasing the rights of children across Toronto.We believe that:
★Children are important residents with unique ideas and experiences that have the power to change how we make plans and decisions.
★Children are experts in child-friendliness.Listening to children’s ideas creates opportunity and improves equality.Building a city that is friendly to children requires an understanding of what living in the city is like for a child.
★Engaging with children is our responsibility and duty.The local government has a responsibility to listen to children,as with all residents,when making plans and decisions.
November 20th is National Child Day in Canada.The day celebrates the importance of children as active participants in their own lives and communities,who can and should have opportunities for meaningful contributions to decision-making.
To celebrate National Child Day 2020,an event was held at City Hall with local students and city leaders.Children in grades four and five in Toronto were invited to share their ideas about creating a child-friendly city.We asked them:
★What would a child-friendly Toronto look,feel and sound like
★If you had one wish to make Toronto more child-friendly,what would it be
Children from nine schools across Toronto submitted hundreds of responses,from written texts,to drawings,photographs and maps.They described the people,places and things that need to be involved and considered to create a child-friendly city.
1.What is the purpose of Child Friendly To
A.To find ways to improve children’s health.
B.To help children make their own decisions.
C.To change Toronto into a child-friendly city.
D.To tell children how to be more friendly.
2.Why should we listen to children’s ideas
A.They know more about the program.
B.They have more friends than adults do.
C.They always have better plans and decisions.
D.They know better what a child-friendly city is like.
3.Who took part in the celebration of National Child Day 2020
A.Experts and leaders of the program. B.City planners and decision-makers.
C.Teacher and student representatives. D.Local students and leaders of the city.
B
I don’t think I can recall a time when I wasn’t aware of the beauty of the ocean.Growing up in Australia,I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side.The first time I went to Half Moon Bay,I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.
For my 10th birthday,my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.There were fish in different colors,caves and layers of coral.They made such an impression on me.When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia’s Coral Sea was protected,I was shocked.Australian marine life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on the earth.But sadly,only 45% of the world’s reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic is depressing,so it’s important to do everything to protect them.The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete eco-system has led me to take action.I’ve become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity,which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean’s species will all have a safe place forever.
Together,Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement.Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy,who grew up sailing,admiring the beauty of the ocean and trying to find the species.
4.What can we learn about the author from the underlined sentence in paragraph 1
A.He had a wonderful impression of Half Moon Bay.
B.He seldom went surfing at the sea.
C.He forgot his experiences about the ocean.
D.He never went back to his hometown.
5.What can we know about Australian marine life according to the second paragraph
A.It is protected better than that in other oceans.
B.It is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually.
C.It depends on reefs for living greatly.
D.It may be faced with danger.
6.What is the Protect Our Coral Sea activity intended to do
A.To raise more teenagers’ environmental awareness.
B.To contribute to a complete eco-system.
C.To prevent more marine species being endangered.
D.To set up a large nature reserve for reefs.
7.Why did Angus and the author create a little video
A.To bring back to people their memory of ocean species.
B.To urge more people to take action to protect the marine species.
C.To inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean.
D.To share their childhood experiences about the ocean.
C
(2022江西南昌高二检测)
It seems that we can’t get off the planet fast enough.Two thirds of NASA’s money is spent on manned space exploration,and that number will grow with the USA’s decision to send a man to Mars in 2037.We’ve seen all there is to see on Earth,right Wrong.The final place is here,under the surface of the sea.
Heading down into the ocean,human limits are quickly reached.At 200 metres,the water is as black as a moonless night.Most nuclear submarines(核潜艇) would implode(内爆) before they reach 1 km down.At 3 km—still less than the average depth of the ocean—there’s a good chance that you’ll discover a new species.The deepest-diving whales go no further.At the very bottom,about 11 km down,lies the Challenger Deep,the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon,but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.
Yet things live down there.Big things.A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale,the largest creature known on the planet.
In the late 1990s,a deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean,and passing 4,000 metres,it discovered something huge passing under it.Surprised Don’t be.The ocean covers 70% of the planet’s surface and we’ve studied less than 5% of it.We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.
One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms.The search for life outside of Earth is important,but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans.They’re absolutely important for doing ocean research too,but they can’t look under the sea.The cost of exploration is rising,but the results would benefit all our lives.Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food,drugs and energy.
Perhaps now it’s time to begin a new period of sea exploration.Manned exploration of space is science fiction.The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.
8.What do the examples in paragraph 2 suggest
A.Sea exploration is no easy task.
B.Nuclear submarines need to be improved.
C.The ocean is far deeper than people expected.
D.The condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.
9.What do we know about the Challenger Deep
A.Blue whales live there.
B.No one has ever been there.
C.People are terrified by the sight of it.
D.It is the deepest known location on Earth.
10.What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean
A.It’s surprising. B.It’s no wonder.
C.It’s worrying. D.It’s no success.
11.What does the author want to tell us
A.Space exploration is of little value.
B.We spend too much money on space travel.
C.Humans’ success lies in how much they explore the sea.
D.The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.
D
(2022四川成都上学期摸底测试)
As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists,the three-spined stickleback(三刺鱼) is known for their different shapes,sizes,and behaviors—they can even live in both sea water and fresh water,and under a wide range of temperatures.But what makes that
The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment,using genome sequencing(基因组测序).Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt and fresh water,and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season.
“These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10,000 years,” says Professor Barrett.“We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past.”
Remarkably,the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats,which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations.“These genetic changes occurred in independent populations over a single season,highlighting just how quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected,” says Professor Barrett,“the findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to the environment.”
The research emphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a better understanding of how natural selection operates.In the further research,they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are,by testing whether they show up year after year.Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.
12.What does the underlined word “that” refer to in paragraph 1
A.The three-spined stickleback is under a wide range of temperatures.
B.The three-spined stickleback is popular with evolutionary ecologists.
C.The three-spined stickleback can adapt to different living conditions.
D.The three-spined stickleback has different shapes,sizes,and behaviours.
13.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The difficulties of the research. B.The purpose of the research.
C.The background of the research. D.The methods of the research.
14.What is the main reason for the three-spined stickleback’s survival
A.Habitat shifts. B.Genetic changes.
C.Seasonal changes. D.Independent populations.
15.Why will scientists study the repetition of the genetic changes
A.To know what natural selection is.
B.To study species in dynamic environments.
C.To test the reliability of the present discoveries.
D.To forecast the evolutionary future of certain species.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022河北省9月摸底联考)
Many parents have had challenging conversations with their children.There’s one more to add to the list—climate change. 16 But the most important thing parents can give them is hope:there are solutions,and everyone has something to contribute no matter what their ages are.Here are tips that will help parents have a positive climate conversation with their children.
Start by listening. 17 They first learn about climate change in the school,online or from their friends.By taking time to understand how children feel about climate change,parents can help them figure out how they can be part of the solution.
18 Being a parent is tough and the to-do list never seems to end.The good news is talking about climate change doesn’t have to be complicated.There are many websites parents can turn to for help.Continuing to learn more about climate change can prepare parents themselves to answer kids’ questions.
Connect with nature.Encouraging kids to play outside helps them appreciate the outdoors.A study conducted a few years ago found that kids who play outdoors are more likely to be interested in protecting nature. 19 Research suggests that kids who interact with nature are more likely to be in good health.
Encourage kids to act.Most kids know that climate change is happening,but they might not know what they can do to fix it.Often,what holds them back from acting is a lack of efficacy(效力):they are not convinced that they can make a difference.So build children’s efficacy by looking for examples of people,especially kids who are making a difference. 20
A.Keep learning.
B.It isn’t only about the future.
C.Improve their learning efficiency.
D.Climate change is real and the threat of it is serious.
E.Tell them that kids’ actions are already incredibly effective.
F.Many children are already aware that the climate is changing.
G.Parents should know what children have learned in the school.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2022广东深圳第一次质检)
When I was young,I loved and really did well in drawing and art.I won awards,got constant attention,and even saw my face in the 21 and on television because of my natural ability to 22 .
Most people who happen to come across something that they are good at are 23 to take it and run with it.Of course,my life was no 24 .From teachers,to principals,to family members,everyone seemingly had a ton of advice to give me in regards to art.
All the while,my true desire was 25 .I entered poetry,essay,and short-story contests and 26 them all.It was such a contrast from my artistic 27 experience!It was so bad that I 28 a good friend who told me once,“If you are so good at drawing,why do you even care about writing 29 drawing!”
Though well intended,eighteen years later I’m 30 I didn’t take his words to heart.Years went by with me still writing and still occasionally entering 31 .It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got honorable 32 in a poetry contest.As a writer I’ve truly 33 .
I’m sure there are things in your life that are 34 and yet,rewarding.Endurance,especially when it comes to things you truly love is essential.Take some time to devote some more energy to the “thing” that didn’t come 35 and see what happens.
21.A.street B.school C.newspaper D.book
22.A.draw B.act C.learn D.show
23.A.encouraged B.invited C.developed D.permitted
24.A.perfect B.different C.similar D.lucky
25.A.art B.fixing C.writing D.music
26.A.won B.ignored C.missed D.lost
27.A.interest B.competition C.career D.talent
28.A.had B.made C.found D.met
29.A.Give up B.Take in C.Stick to D.Put away
30.A.glad B.sorry C.sad D.sure
31.A.training B.contests C.articles D.trouble
32.A.appearance B.change C.mention D.name
33.A.forgot B.regretted C.expected D.grown
34.A.challenging B.beautiful C.appealing D.hopeful
35.A.young B.bad C.usual D.easy
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New Yorkers were shocked in early December when a creature as big as a school bus 36.(surface) from the Hudson River.Over the next three days, 37. humpback whale(座头鲸) swam by several popular tourist destinations,where a journalist took 38. (photo) of the animal seemingly waving its tail at Lady Liberty.
Scientists say NYC0089,which hasn’t been spotted in several weeks,has likely returned to deeper waters south of the Hudson.Still,the 39. (frequent) of whale sightings in the broader area has gone up rapidly in recent years.
“With these numbers increasing 40. (sharp),it’s not surprising that you’re seeing them in some unusual places,”says Brown—a biologist,“including the Hudson River and Staten Island.”
Scientists say the 41. (rise) whale sightings are likely related to purer water and a brimming buffet of Atlantic menhaden,a fish favored by humpbacks,resulting 42. landmark environmental regulations 43. (pass) in the 1970s as well as New York city clean-up efforts.
“Seeing more whales in this area is a sign 44. the waters are cleaner and there’s more food here for these whales,” Brown says.“It shows that 45. we’ve been doing is working,so we need to keep doing that—and more—to protect these species.”
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的美国朋友 Tom听说在中国通过扫描二维码就可以实现非现金支付,他感到不可思议,请你写封邮件告知他非现金支付在中国的一些情况,内容包括:
1.非现金支付的优点;
2.非现金支付的缺点;
3.你的结论。
注意:词数80左右。
第二节(满分25分)
(2022广东9月质检)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last night,my partner John and I went to the levees(堤岸) where I was relearning how to run.He supported on his bike and I went as fast or as slow as my old legs wanted to take me.Ahead of us was a very old man with a plastic bag who seemed to be unable to walk a straight line.John said,“You keep running,and I will check on him.”
John was holding his hand.John told the man,“We are going to come back this way.If you are still here,we will check on you.” The man said he was fine but he was going to stay down for a bit.He was on the ground at the bottom of the levee and off a walkway that backed up into other people’s homes.We ran on for 10-15 minutes or so and turned around.
John rode ahead to see if he was still there.When I got to the spot,there was John and the man.The man didn’t look fine—he was stumbling(蹒跚而行) around and seemed lost.
The man in the meantime tried to climb up the levee and fell again and as he sat there,I walked down.I said,“Hi,my name is Mia,what’s your name ” He laughed and looked at me.I said light-heartedly,“I am relearning how to run.I didn’t realize it was so difficult.” He said,“Oh my son and I run too—yeah it’s not always easy.”
It was starting to get dark.It turns out the man’s name was John too.I said,“Shall we walk together,John ” He said,“Okay.” He didn’t want me to grab his hand or arm to help him,so I said,“I’ll just stand by you if that is okay.” “That’s okay,” he said.
We walked down the levee together with John riding behind.Through our walk he swerved(急转弯) from either side of the levee —I stayed calm and moved to either side casually trying not to look like I was blocking.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
I said to our new friend John,“Do you know why we are concerned ”
He waved goodbye to us and practically ran into the dark.
参考答案
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了多伦多为了创建儿童友好型城市的“Child Friendly To”计划。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,Child Friendly To计划的目的是将多伦多建设成儿童友好型城市。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据We believe that 中的第二点,尤其是首句“Children are experts in child-friendliness.” 可知D项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文中“To celebrate National Child Day 2020,an event was held at City Hall with local students and city leaders.”可知,主要是当地学生和城市领导参加这项活动。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在澳大利亚长大,喜欢海洋的美丽和众多的海洋生物。当得知澳大利亚海洋生物面临危险时,作者采取行动,参与了“保护珊瑚海”活动,并号召更多人保护海洋物种。
4.A 推理判断题。上文“I don’t think I can recall a time...the sea at my side.”提到作者意识到了海洋的美丽,在澳大利亚长大,很幸运身边有大海。下文作者描述了澳大利亚美丽的海洋和动植物,由此推知作者到达Half Moon Bay后感受到了它的美,对Half Moon Bay有美好的印象。故选A项。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“When I learned...are considered healthy.”可知当作者得知澳大利亚只有1%的珊瑚海受到保护时,感到震惊。得知世界上只有45%的珊瑚礁被认为是健康的,作者感到悲哀。由此推知澳大利亚海洋生物可能面临危险,故选D项。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I’ve become involved....have a safe place forever.”可知作者参与了“保护珊瑚海”活动,该活动旨在创建世界上最大的海洋公园,使之成为海洋物种永远安全的地方,防止更多海洋物种濒临灭绝。故选C项。
7.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Together,Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement.”可知作者和Angus制作了一个小视频,希望它能激励人们成为“保护珊瑚海”活动的一部分,敦促更多的人采取行动来保护海洋物种,防止更多海洋物种濒临灭绝。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对the Mariana Trench和Southern Ocean海底勘探的描述,讲述了人类对深海的探索,比起对太空的探索,或许深海探索更具现实意义。
8.A 细节理解题。由第二段中“Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon,but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.”可知,已经有18个人在月球行走过,但是目睹Mariana Trench深度的却只有3个人。可见比起探索太空,人类对于深海的探索更艰难。故选A项。
9.D 细节理解题。由第二段中“At the very bottom,about 11 km down,lies the Challenger Deep,the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.”可知,the Challenger Deep位于海底大概11千米的位置,是the Mariana Trench最深的部分。与 D项相符。故选D项。
10.B 细节理解题。由第四段可知,对于Southern Ocean的发现,作者并不感到惊讶,地球表面70%被海水覆盖,人类对于它的研究还不到5%。对月球阴暗面的了解都比海底多。故选B项。
11.D 主旨大意题。由倒数第二段可知,对于太空的探索是很重要,可机器人会比人类做得更好。但对于探索海底,机器人做不到。虽然勘探费用高一些,但可以帮人类找到更多食物、药品和能量来源,对人类的实际意义更大。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员通过跟踪记录,发现三刺鱼可以在不同的环境中存活是由于其基因改变。
12.C 词义猜测题。代词一般指代上文中提到的内容,根据语境可知,that指代上文中的“they can even live in both sea water and fresh water,and under a wide range of temperatures”故C项“它们可以适应不同的生存环境”正确。
13.D 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“研究人员利用基因组测序,在它们生存环境季节性变化前后跟踪记录了6个种群的鱼类”可知,本段主要讲到了研究方法,故D项正确。
14.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Remarkably,the researchers...the seasonal shifts in habitats”可推知,三刺鱼之所以能够生存下去,其主要原因就在于基因改变,故B项正确。
15.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Doing so would...the evolutionary future of these populations”可知,科学家研究基因改变的重复是为了预测未来某些物种的进化前景,故D项正确。
16.D 17.F 18.A 19.B 20.E
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者持之以恒地追求自己并不擅长的写作的故事启迪我们:相信自己,接受挑战,持之以恒,结果总是值得期待的。
21.C 根据“and on television”可知,甚至在报纸和电视上都能看到作者。故选C项。
22.A 根据上文“I loved and really did well in drawing and art.”可知,作者有天生的绘画才能。故选A项。
23.A 根据“take it and run with it.”以及常识可知,大多数偶然发现自己擅长的东西的人都被鼓励去接受并实践它。故选A项。
24.B 根据下文“From teachers,to principals,to family members,everyone seemingly had a ton of advice to give me in regards to art.”可知,作者的生活也不例外。故选B项。
25.C 根据下文“I entered poetry,essay,and short-story contests”可知,作者的真正的愿望是写作。下文“why do you even care about writing ”也是提示,故选C项。
26.D 根据下文“It was such a contrast from my artistic experience!”可知,作者参加了诗歌、散文和短篇小说比赛,但都输了。故选D项。
27.B 根据上文的“contests”可知,参加诗歌、散文和短篇小说比赛与作者的艺术比赛经历形成了鲜明的对比。故选B项。
28.A 根据“good friend who told me once”可知,作者有一个朋友。故选A项。
29.C 根据上文“If you are so good at drawing,why do you even care about writing ”可知,朋友的言外之意是让作者坚持绘画。give up“放弃”;take in“吸收”;stick to“坚持”;put away“收拾”。故选C项。
30.A 根据下文“It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got honorable in a poetry contest.”可知,作者在写作方面成功了,所以作者很高兴没有把他的话放在心上。故选A项。
31.B 根据下文“in a poetry contest”可知,作者偶尔也会参加比赛。故选B项。
32.C 根据常识可知,比赛是设置各种奖项的,这里指作者获得了优秀奖。honorable mention“优秀奖”。故选C项。
33.D 根据上文可知,直到大学一年级,作者终于在一次诗歌比赛中获得优秀奖,作者真的是在成长。故选D项。
34.A 根据“yet,rewarding”以及生活常识可知,生活中有很多挑战和收获。故选A项。
35.D 根据上文作者追求自己并不擅长的写作最终成功了,可知,作者鼓励读者花点时间多花点精力在那些来之不易的“事情”上,看看会发生什么。故选D项。
36.surfaced 37.the 38.photos 39.frequency
40.sharply 41.rising 42.from 43.passed 44.that 45.what
写作
第一节
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to tell you something about non-cash payments in China.Some think they provide us with more convenience.What’s more,we can save much time when purchasing on the Internet platform.Besides,we don’t have to worry about getting the fake cash.
Others think despite their convenience,it will take more risks protecting your private possessions.For example,we might be monitored while paying for what we have bought.Meanwhile,what if we are in a place without Internet access or our phone battery dies
In conclusion,non-cash payments are under construction,so it will be more popular in the years to come.
第二节
I said to our new friend John,“Do you know why we are concerned ” He quietly smiled and said,“Not really.” “You seem just a little unstable and it’s getting late.It’s not safe for you to walk alone.Will you let us take you home ” I asked a few times in various kind ways and each time he shook his head.At last,I said carefully,“At least let’s walk together until we get to the sidewalk.Then we will feel relaxed.” “That’s good,” he said with a big smile on his face.
He waved goodbye to us and practically ran into the dark.We saw that he had made the right turns and was on a way that was safer,with light and no cliffs.We had to trust he would be okay and I said a little prayer to the universe.We felt so happy because we did a good deed to help an old man who’s positive and independent.We were also encouraged by this old man’s spirit.What a wonderful experience we have had!