Make a timeline
时间轴通常依据时间顺序，把事情发展的过程或者人物成长的经历串联起来。时间轴由一条带箭头的线和小圆点组成，带箭头的线表示时间的发展方向，每个小圆点都分布在线条上，分别表示不同的时间点，小圆点处可以写下不同时间点所发生的事件。
在阅读按时间顺序展开的文章时，可利用时间轴来梳理文章信息，帮助自己理解文章。这就需要大家提炼关键词，包括时间点和相对应发生的事件，并记录在时间轴上，使整个事件发展的顺序和脉络直观明了。现在以文章“FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS”为例来看一下如何制作时间轴。
通过阅读文本，可以知道文本是按照时间顺序来记述保护文化遗址项目的进展过程的。首先，可以在文中提炼出关键时间节点：1950s, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1980。其次，再提炼出在相应时间发生的事件：The proposal that the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile led to protests; The government turned to the United Nations for help; The work began; German engineers moved the first temple; The project ended。然后在时间轴上把时间点和相对应发生的事件标记出来。如下图所示：
当然，时间轴的形式并不局限于此，可以灵活多样。关键是要抓住事件发生的时间点及相对应发生的事件，并将其用时间轴完整地记录清楚。相信在时间轴的辅助下，能够快速获取文本的主要信息，把握事件的发展进程。词汇归纳
Cultural heritage:
protect cultural relics
cultural heritage protection
give way to
preserve everything from our past
keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites
a big challenge
limit damage to
prevent the loss of cultural relics
investigate the issue
conduct several tests
make a proposal
put back together
find a path to the future
run over the relics of the past
increase knowledge and appreciation of China's ancient cultural heritage
throughout China's ancient history
intangible cultural heritage
put ... in danger
Starting a conversation:
I beg your pardon, but ...
Forgive me for asking, but ...
Could you please tell me about ...
Do / Did you know ...
I see that you are ...
Others:
economic development
move towards the future
take part in
lead to
turn to
donate ... to ...
not only ... but also ...
prevent ... from ...
give her view on ...
make sure
all over the world
at the entrance to ...如何报道文物保护者
写作任务
假定你是校英文报Culture栏目的记者，请你根据所给提示，用英语写一篇报道，介绍文物保护者王旭东。
出生时间与地点 1967年出生于甘肃。
主要经历及贡献 1. 1991年第一次去敦煌； 2. 1991年到2019年，从事敦煌文物保护工作； 3. 2019年4月8日任故宫博物院院长； 4. 参与了60多个国家重点文物保护单位的保护和修复项目。
评价 被称为“和时间赛跑的文物保护者”。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：国家重点文物保护单位key cultural relics units under state protection 院长chief curator
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写作指导
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求写一篇关于文物保护者的报道。报道名人的关键之处在于突出其主要经历和贡献。介绍其生平事迹时一般用第三人称，时态以一般过去时为主。
二、谋篇布局
根据提示内容，我们可以将本写作任务分为三部分：
第一部分：总体介绍（包括出生时间及地点、主要功绩等）；
第二部分：介绍主要经历及贡献；
第三部分：总体评价。
三、组织语言
第一部分：总体介绍。
普通表达 高级表达
★... was born in ... ★ ... is a protector of cultural relics and ever worked to protect ... ..., who was born in ..., is / is known as an outstanding protector of cultural relics and has played a major role in the protection of ...
第二部分：介绍主要经历及贡献。
普通表达 高级表达
In ..., ... came to ... for the first time and became interested in ... It was in ... that ... came to ... for the first time and was deeply attracted by ...
... worked on the protection of ... until ... and he became the chief curator of ... on ... ... devoted himself to ( 致力于) the protection of ... until ... when he became the chief curator of ...
... has been active in more than 60 protection and repair projects for key cultural relics units under state protection. ... has been involved in ( 参与) more than 60 projects focusing on the protection and repair of key cultural relics units under state protection.
第三部分：总体评价。
普通表达 高级表达
... has made great contributions to the protection of cultural relics and is considered as “a guardian of cultural relics in a race against the clock”. Because of his great contribution, ... is considered as “a guardian of cultural relics in a race against the clock”.
范文展示
普通范文
Wang Xudong was born in 1967 in Gansu Province. He is a protector of cultural relics and ever worked to protect Dunhuang's cultural relics.
In 1991, Wang Xudong came to Dunhuang for the first time and became interested in the Mogao Caves. After that, he worked on the protection of the Mogao Caves until 2019 and he became the chief curator of the Palace Museum on April 8, 2019. Till now, Wang Xudong has been active in more than 60 protection and repair projects for key cultural relics units under state protection.
Wang Xudong has made great contributions to the protection of cultural relics and is considered as “a guardian of cultural relics in a race against the clock”.
高级范文
Wang Xudong, who was born in 1967 in Gansu Province, is an outstanding protector of cultural relics and has played a major role in the protection of Dunhuang's cultural relics.
It was in 1991 that Wang Xudong came to Dunhuang for the first time and was deeply attracted by the wonderful Mogao Caves. From then on, he devoted himself to the protection of the Mogao Caves until 2019 when he became the chief curator of the Palace Museum. So far, Wang Xudong has been involved in more than 60 projects focusing on the protection and repair of key cultural relics units under state protection.
Because of his great contribution, Wang Xudong is considered as “a guardian of cultural relics in a race against the clock”.问题—解决语篇模式
FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS一文使用了“问题—解决”语篇模式。这个模式在结构上可以分为四个部分，分别是情景（situation）、问题（problem）、反应（response）、评价（evaluation of response）。其中，情景和评价属于可选成分，而问题和反应部分则是必有成分。反应部分又称作“解决”部分。本文结构齐全，由情景、问题、解决方案、评价四个部分组成。
第一段首先描述情景：经济发展是改善社会的必备条件，但与此同时，人们也面临着保护文化遗址的巨大挑战。文章用a big challenge来表达所存在的问题，因此a big challenge可以看作是“问题”的标记性词语。
第二段作者使用了一个问题和解决方案的连接性句子“Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions”引出对解决方案的描述。接下来作者以20世纪50年代埃及政府在尼罗河修建水坝以控制洪水泛滥工程为例，来阐述问题与解决方案之间的密切关系（问题是修建大坝会毁了文物，解决办法是求助于联合国）。其中分布着不少问题与解决方案的标记性词语。下面将文中表示问题和解决方案的词语和词块进行归类。
一、表达问题的单个词语和词块
单个词语：protest, damage, destroy, problem, issue, difficult
词块：a big challenge, lead to
二、描述解决方案的单个词语和词块
单个词语：proposal, save, rescue, prevent
词块：lead to great solutions, limit damage to, prevent the loss of, conduct several tests, make a proposal for, find a path to the future, provide a solution
文章第五段属于评价部分，其中最为明显的标志是“it was considered a great success”。“a great success”就是对解决方案有效性的积极评价。
掌握“问题—解决”模式的结构特征及其标记性词语，会帮助我们深入理解含有此类模式的英语阅读文章。
