课时作业(四) Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
John, a very thin boy, loved football with all his heart when he was very young. Practice after practice, he eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys, he could only sit on the bench and hardly ever played in games. Even though the son was always on the bench, his father was always standing there with cheers and encouraging him.
When John went to college, he decided to try out for the football team as a “walk on”. Everyone was sure he could never make__the__cut,__but he made it. The coach thought he could provide the other members with the spirit they needed.
The news that he had survived the cut excited him so much that he instantly called his father. His father shared his excitement and was sent season tickets for all the college games.
It was the end of this last football season. One day John received a phone call and asked one week off. Nobody knew what happened except the coach. The coach said, “Don't plan to come back to the game on Saturday.”
Saturday arrived, and the game was not going well. When the team was ten points behind, John came back. “Coach, please let me play. I've just got to play today，” said John. The coach pretended not to agree. But John persisted. Finally feeling sorry for the kid, the coach gave in.
Before long everyone could not believe their eyes. John was doing everything to fight. The rival team could not stop him. He ran, passed and blocked the ball like a star. And at last his team won the game.
After the game, John looked at the coach, with tears in his eyes, and said, “Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind？”John swallowed hard and forced a smile, “Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted to show him that could do it.”
1．Why did John hardly have any chance to play in games
A．Because be had no time to practice.
B．Because he was too young to play games.
C．Because everyone looked down upon him.
D．Because his body condition was not good.
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “make the cut” in the second paragraph
A．Make progress.
B．Be allowed to join the team.
C．Cut himself.
D．Be refused by the coach.
3．What can we know from the text
A．John felt very depressed as a “walk on”．
B．John's father always taught him how to play.
C．John's father went to most of his college games.
D．The coach was sure John would be the best player one day.
4．What does this story want to tell us
A．A burden of one's choice is not felt.
B．Better to do well than to say well.
C．All roads lead to Rome.
D．Where there is a will there is a way.
B
Teenagers' fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientist Dr. Helen Lopez offers the following advice to teenagers：“First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier.”
Dr. Lopez suggests that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy. “Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories.” Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push ups and situps, starting with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger，” said Dr. Lopez. The same principle applies to active teenagers.
Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These are really important in order to prevent injuries，” Dr. Lopez said. Some weight training and other body strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person's strength.
5．Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why physical exercise is important
A．It can make the teenagers grow taller.
B．It can help teenagers become healthier.
C．It can help to burn up calories.
D．It can increase teenagers' strength.
6．What can we learn from the passage
A．Active people always have a high fitness level.
B．Overweight people always take more exercise.
C．Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight.
D．Keeping fit means changing teenagers' lifestyle.
7．In order to prevent injuries, you should do some ________exercises.
A．walking
B．stretching and bending
C．riding
D．weight training
8．What is the best title for the passage
A．Doing exercises
B．Teenagers' Fitness
C．Different lifestyles
D．Overweight Teenagers
Ⅱ.完形填空
During my first three years of college, I put on weight quickly. Between classwork and a part time job, I had zero time for __1__. Besides, I ate a lot of fast food. Not surprisingly, I __2__ a fat stomach.
After leaving college, I __3__ to take exercise. Invited by a friend, I __4__ working out with exercise machines three times a week. I was the kind of person who did not try anything __5__. I ate the same food; I did the same thing. My friend, however, became __6__. One day, he said, “We're not getting enough exercise. We should play tennis instead.”
Me Play tennis No way. I was strongly against his. __7__. I was not good at sports and I was __8__ the exercise machines. __9__， several weeks later, I found myself standing on a tennis court(球场). As I held my racket(球拍), I felt __10__. I ran after every ball he served, completely __11__ about 90% of them, hitting the rest into the other court.
The first few months were quite __12__. But one day, as the ball came flying toward me, my racket and the ball finally met in the place where it is most effective to hit a ball. I watched __13__ as my return landed where I had aimed(瞄准) it. I had finally __14__ how to play tennis properly!
I learned a __15__ during my journey toward learning to play tennis: I can do whatever I set my mind to.
1．A.games B．holidays
C．research D．exercise
2．A.got B．wanted
C．hated D．protected
3．A.decided B．agreed
C．regretted D．continued
4．A.avoided B．imagined
C．began D．minded
5．A.important B．new
C．simple D．similar
6．A.busy B．careless
C．bored D．lazy
7．A.rule B．job
C．reply D．idea
8．A.worried about B．happy with
C．sure of D．responsible for
9．A.As usual B．At first
C．Besides D．However
10．A.silly B．relaxed
C．proud D．satisfied
11．A.controlling B．throwing
C．missing D．playing
12．A.interesting B．painful
C．different D．easy
13．A.in secret B．in anger
C．in fear D．in surprise
14．A.asked B．learned
C．taught D．remembered
15．A.lesson B．skill
C．business D．task
课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了约翰突破身体条件的限制，在父亲的鼓励下刻苦训练，成为一名优秀的球员的故事。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“John, a very thin boy”和“But being half the size of the other boys, he could only sit on the bench and hardly ever played in games”可知，约翰很瘦，体型是其他男孩的一半大小，所以他很少参加比赛。故选D。
2．答案与解析：B'词义猜测题。由第三段第一句中的“The news that he had survived the cut”及下文内容可知，约翰成功地加入了球队。由此推断出，此处表示所有人都认为他绝不可能被接受加入球队。故选B。
3．答案与解析：C'推理判断题。由最后一段中的“‘Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind？’”以及“‘Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play’”可知，爸爸是盲人，他出席了约翰之前所有的比赛，但是爸爸去世了，没有出席他赛季末的比赛。由此推断出约翰的爸爸出席了他在大学时期的大多数足球比赛。故选C。
4．答案与解析：D'主旨大意题。通读全文可知，约翰突破身体条件的限制，在父亲的鼓励下刻苦训练，成为一名优秀的球员。所以这个故事告诉我们“有志者，事竟成”的道理，同时这也是短文的主旨大意。故选D。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了青少年的健康是非常重要的，并针对不同青少年的健康问题给出了一些运动建议。
5．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。此题适宜用排除法作答。根据第一段中的“‘First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier.’”可知，体育运动可以让青少年更健康，排除B；根据“All these will help to burn calories.”可知，体育运动可以帮助燃烧卡路里，排除C；根据“Some weight training and other body strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person's strength.”可知，体育运动可以让青少年更有力量，排除D，文中并没有提到体育运动可以让青少年长高，故选A。
6．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Inactive’ means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight.”可知，不活跃的青少年不是很严重的超重，故选C。
7．答案与解析：B'细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. ‘These are really important in order to prevent injuries，’Dr. Lopez said.”可知，为了避免受伤，你应该做一些拉伸和弯曲运动，故选B。
8．答案与解析：B'标题归纳题。由全文的主题句“Teenagers' fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了青少年的健康是非常重要的，并给出了一些运动建议，所以这篇文章最好的题目是“青少年的健康”，故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者介绍了自己锻炼身体的经历。在大学的时候，作者由于缺乏锻炼，并且吃了太多的快餐而变胖。毕业后，在朋友的鼓励下，作者开始锻炼身体，并学习打网球，最终学会了打网球。作者明白了一个道理：只要下定决心，就可以做任何事。
1．答案与解析：D'考查名词。文章第一句提到作者体重增加得很快，结合选项和常识可知，只有缺乏锻炼会导致体重增加。故选D。
2．答案与解析：A'考查动词。根据常识可知，作者由于缺乏锻炼和吃太多的快餐而有了一个大肚子。故选A。
3．答案与解析：A'考查动词。根据下一句中的“I '4' working out with exercise machines three times a week”可知，作者开始定期锻炼，故此处表示作者下定决心开始锻炼。故选A。
4．答案与解析：C'考查动词。上一句提到作者决心锻炼，故此处表示作者开始定期锻炼。故选C。
5．答案与解析：B'考查形容词。根据下一句“I ate the same food; I did the same thing”可知，作者习惯于吃同样的食物，做同样的事情，故此处表示作者不会去尝试任何新的东西。故选B。
6．答案与解析：C'考查形容词。根据下文作者的朋友说的话“We're not getting enough exercise. We should play tennis instead.”可知，朋友不愿意继续使用健身器材运动，建议打网球。bored厌倦的，符合语境。
7．答案与解析：D'考查名词。结合选项可知，此处指作者反对朋友提到的“我们应该打网球”这个想法。故选D。
8．答案与解析：B'考查短语。根据上文可知，作者不擅长运动，所以更乐于用健身器材锻炼。故选B。
9．答案与解析：D'考查句意理解。上文提到，作者很反对打网球，空后又说“I found myself standing on a tennis court (球场)”，所以这里表转折。as usual像往常一样；at first首先，起初；besides此外；however然而。故选D。
10．答案与解析：A'考查形容词。根据上文可知，作者不擅长运动，因此作者感觉自己很笨。故选A。
11．答案与解析：C'考查动词。前文提到作者不擅长运动，所以很多球作者都没有击中。miss在此意为“未击中”，故选C。
12．答案与解析：B'考查形容词。根据上文可知，作者不擅长运动，打网球时很多球未击中，其他的球也打到了另一个球场里，所以此处表示头几个月对作者来说很痛苦。interesting有趣的；painful疼痛的，痛苦的；different不同的；easy容易的。故选B。
13．答案与解析：D'考查短语。根据上文可知，作者球打得不好，所以作者看到自己打了一个好球时感到很惊讶。in secret秘密地；in anger生气地；in fear恐惧地；in surprise惊讶地。故选D。
14．答案与解析：B'考查动词。根据语境可知，作者终于学会了如何正确地打网球。故选B。
15．答案与解析：A'考查名词。冒号后的内容“I can do whatever I set my mind to”是对空处的解释说明，结合选项可知，此处表示作者在学打网球的过程中吸取了经验教训。learn a lesson吸取经验教训。故选A。
1课时作业(五) Unit 2 Section ⅡGrammar and usage & Integrated skills
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Breathing is something you do all day long, without even thinking about it. However, you might be doing it wrong. Research shows that the way you breathe affects the amount of oxygen you take in, as well as how you think and feel.
So which is it Do you breathe through your nose or your mouth Some health experts recommend people breathe in through their nose and out through their mouth. Others say that people should just focus on breathing easily, paying no attention to their mouth or nose preference. But mouth breathing has also been connected with bad breath, snoring (打呼噜), high blood pressure and bad teeth.
Nose breathing may affect how memories are stabilized (稳定) in our brains, according to Swedish researchers. During their study, participants smelled 12 different smells and then were asked to breathe either through their nose or mouth for an hour afterwards. Then, they were presented with the original set of smells and a new set. Those who smelled with their nose remembered the smells better.
A research team recognized the differences in brain activity that occurred when seven epilepsy (癫痫) patients breathed through their nose or through their mouth. The team found three areas of the brain where activity is connected with breathing. These areas showed more changes in brain activity only when volunteers breathed through their nose.
So, should mouth breathers change their breathing habits If you're happy with the way you breathe and if you aren't experiencing any health problems, be yourself and just keep your own way. But if you think it might be time for a change, focus on breathing through your nose until it becomes a habit. It might help you survive an emergency.
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Your life style.
B．How you breathe.
C．How you think and feel.
D．The oxygen you take in.
2．What did Swedish researchers find
A．Nose breathing may improve memory.
B．Mouth breathing causes health problems.
C．Nose breathers are not sensitive to smells.
D．Mouth breathers have a good sense of taste.
3．What is the effect of nose breathing according to the research in Paragraph 4
A．It helps one to stay healthy.
B．It cures bad breath and snoring.
C．It makes one's brain more active.
D．It improves one's sense of smell.
4．What does the author think of nose breathing
A．It's hard to get used to.
B．It's suitable for everybody.
C．It's what people have to do.
D．It's what people can benefit from.
B
With 830 students aged between 8 and 12, Lochaber High School, in Fort William, is one of the largest secondary schools in the Highlands. It covers a huge area and many of the students come from small communities and travel up to 40 km to get to school every day. In the past, the school covered a much larger area and many students had to stay in one of the school dormitories, or if older to live with local families, but other high schools have opened in the West Highlands, so the catchment area (招生区域) for Lochaber, though still very large, is not as large as it used to be. Students travel to school by car, by bus, or by special minibus every day, and some go on foot or by bike. Most students just live in Fort William, or in one of the surrounding villages.
At the end of their high school life, and after getting higher or advanced higher grade exam results, most students decide to move on to further their education. Some students can remain, taking specialised courses at the West Highland College, but many leave their homes in Lochaber and go south or east to other cities. Many young people in this area feel that there are not enough opportunities here. Going to a city certainly means new friends, a whole new lifestyle, and a more exciting night life.
Even though Fort William is, in a way, small and far away from cities, as far as I am concerned, it is a great place to live. There is a real community atmosphere (氛围) here, and many people know, or are related to, many other people. There is always something to do or to see in Fort William and there is no excuse for being bored! But there is one thing that is certain for everyone, that is, Highland hospitality．It is still very real, very alive! People look forward to seeing you!
5．What do most students of Lochaber High School do after graduating
A．Go abroad. B．Enter colleges.
C．Go to work. D．Stay at Lochaber.
6．Why do many young people of Lochaber leave their hometown
A．To meet their old friends.
B．To live a more peaceful life.
C．To find more opportunities.
D．To escape from reality.
7．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The boring life in Fort William.
B．The communities of Fort William.
C．The nice living atmosphere of Fort William.
D．Something to do or to see in Fort William.
8．Which of the following best explains “hospitality” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．The quality of being honest.
B．Friendly behavior towards guests.
C．Trust based on much experience.
D．Unfair and often painful feeling.
Ⅱ.七选五
If you desire to meet new friends, have fun and get into shape, basketball is the best sport for you regardless of whether you are a professional or an amateur. __1__ Here are some of the benefits you can acquire from playing basketball.
·Improve your fitness levels.
Playing basketball will definitely improve your fitness levels. Basketball is an amazing cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, which is beneficial to people with heart problems.__2__
·Encourage teamwork.
Basketball requires teamwork to achieve a common objective. __3__ This sport is great for kids, as it shows them how to work together in harmony to reach the goal. Learning how to relate with others will improve your child's confidence as well as self esteem.
·__4__
Making a shot or winning can really improve your child's self esteem, which is a vital aspect during childhood. Children with confidence are able to overcome challenges better, according to recent studies.
·Develop social skills.
It brings individuals together and helps create friendship and bonds. This provides a great opportunity for children who are shy, as it helps them interact with new friends. __5__
Although there are no drawbacks associated to playing basketball, it is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power.
A．Build up your muscles.
B．Improve confidence and self esteem.
C．The players have to work as a team to guarantee a win.
D．Social skills will help your child function better in life.
E．Basketball is popular worldwide due to a variety of reasons.
F．Generally speaking, basketball is one of the safest sports in the world.
G．Moreover, it aids in oxygen circulation and blood distribution throughout the body.
课时作业(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。瑞典研究人员的最新研究发现，通过鼻子呼吸有助于记忆的储存和巩固。
1．答案与解析：B'推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Research shows that the way you breathe affects the amount of oxygen you take in, as well as how you think and feel.”可知，研究表明，你的呼吸方式会影响你吸入的氧气量，以及你的思维和感觉。画线单词后又提问你是用鼻子呼吸还是用嘴呼吸。故此处it应该指的是前后句都提到的呼吸方式。故选B。
2．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Nose breathing may affect how memories are stabilized (稳定) in our brains, according to Swedish researchers.”可知，瑞典研究人员称，用鼻子呼吸可能会影响记忆在大脑中的稳定性。再根据后面的研究结果可知，用鼻子呼吸可以提高记忆力。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The team found three areas of the brain where activity is connected with breathing. These areas showed more changes in brain activity only when volunteers breathed through their nose.”可知，研究小组发现大脑中有三个区域的活动与呼吸有关。只有当志愿者通过鼻子呼吸时，这些区域的大脑活动才会发生更多变化。据此可知，用鼻子呼吸使人的大脑更加活跃。故选C。
4．答案与解析：D'推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“But if you think it might be time for a change, focus on breathing through your nose until it becomes a habit. It might help you survive an emergency.”可知，如果你觉得是时候改变一下了，那就专注用鼻子呼吸，直到它成为一种习惯。它可能会帮助你在紧急情况幸存下来。据此可以推断，在作者看来，用鼻子呼吸让人受益。故选D。A项错因：无中生有；B、C项错因：与最后一段中“If you're happy with the way you breathe and if you aren't experiencing any health problems, be yourself and just keep your own way.”这句话相矛盾。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了威廉堡一所中学的情况及学生毕业之后的去向，最后提及威廉堡和谐的社区氛围。
5．答案与解析：B'细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“At the end of their high school life, and after getting higher or advanced higher grade exam results, most students decide to move on to further their education.”可知，在高中生活结束，并取得高级或最高级的考试成绩之后，大部分学生决定继续接受教育。据此可知，Lochaber高中的大多数学生毕业之后进入大学。
6．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Many young people in this area feel that there are not enough opportunities here.”可知，这个地方的许多年轻人觉得这里没有足够多的机会。据此可知，许多年轻人离开这里去寻找更多的机会。
7．答案与解析：C'主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，作者重点陈述了威廉堡美好的生活氛围。
8．答案与解析：B'词义猜测题。根据文章尾句“People look forward to seeing you！”可知，威廉堡人非常热情好客，从而推断出hospitality意为“殷勤；好客”。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了打篮球的好处。
1．答案与解析：E'上句介绍如果想认识新朋友，玩得开心，锻炼身体，篮球是最合适的运动。E项(由于各种原因，篮球运动在世界各地受到欢迎)与上句承接，说明了打篮球的普遍性，故选E。
2．答案与解析：G'本部分介绍打篮球能提高健康水平，上句介绍打篮球是很好的心血管运动，对有心脏问题的人们有好处。G项(此外，它有助于氧气循环和全身血液输送)说明了打篮球对健康的益处，故选G。
3．答案与解析：C'本部分介绍打篮球能培养团队合作精神，C项(队员们必须通过团队合作来赢得胜利)是介绍合作的重要性，符合本段内容，故选C。
4．答案与解析：B'根据本部分中的“improve your child's self esteem”和“Children with confidence”可知，本段主题是关于打篮球对培养孩子自尊心和自信心的好处，B项(增强自信和自尊心)概括了这两项内容，适合作为本段标题，故选B。
5．答案与解析：D'本部分介绍打篮球能提高社交技能，D项(社交技能将帮助你的孩子更好地生活)是介绍社交技能的重要性。D项中的Social skills与本段标题一致，故选D。
1课时作业(六) Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
阅读理解
A
According to a recent report, about 15% of the people in the UK are members of gyms. But are they more likely to be fit
A study found that gym members were 14 times more active than people who didn't belong to any health club. Gym members did six hours more exercise a week, and this activity did make them fitter than non gym members. They also spent less time sitting down every day than non gym members. The results were the same for men and women.
The study included 405 people between the ages of 30 and 64, and the main characteristics of those who were gym members were the same as those who were not. “But gym members did more training than non gym members，” said the lead author, Elizabeth Schroeder of the University of Illinois.
While it might seem clear that gym members exercising more are healthier than non members, Schroeder says this has not been directly shown before. However, the study is only designed to show a tie between gym membership and more exercise. It may be that active people like to join gyms. In the study, people who exercised as much as gym members were also in good health.
You can get the same benefits wherever you exercise. This study shows a gym membership can make you do more exercise, but other research shows that exercising outside has other help. Outdoor activities can make you feel happy about life—especially if you run through a forest.
Outdoor exercise is also more enjoyable than going to the gym. The first five minutes of outdoor exercise is especially helpful in making people feel good. But Schroeder says that a gym may also encourage greater exercise because it can be social and fun.
1．What did the new study find out
A．Gym members had healthier eating habits.
B．There were fewer women gym members than men.
C．Gym members did at least eight hours of exercise a week.
D．Gym members were more active than non gym members.
2．In the study, researchers studied ________.
A．some sports lovers
B．405 gym members
C．people from different age groups
D．30 gym members and 64 non gym members
3．Which of the following will Elizabeth Schroeder agree with
A．Women should do more gym exercise.
B．We should be careful with outdoor training.
C．Outdoor exercise is better than gym exercise.
D．It is easier to keep exercising if you go to the gym.
B
If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.
Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers (慢跑者) and non joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a proper pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries. Over time, this can cause serious injuries.
Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a proper pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”
The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and walking may be better for us than “iron man” events, triathlons and long distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, “You don't actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much.”
4．What does the underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Regular. B．Hard.
C．Practical. D．Flexible.
5．Why does the author present some figures in Paragraph 2
A．To suggest giving up jogging.
B．To show risks of doing sports.
C．To provide supportive evidence.
D．To introduce the research process.
6．According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful
A．It may injure the heart and arteries.
B．It can make the body tired out.
C．It will bring much pressure.
D．It consumes too much energy.
7．What can be inferred from the text
A．No exercise at all is the best choice.
B．More exercise means a healthier life.
C．Marathons runners are least likely to die.
D．Proper exercise contributes to good health.
C
Exercise may hold the key to youth, according to a study published on Monday which showed people who keep fit are up to nine years biologically younger than those who do not. The findings are the first to show in humans how keeping fit affects the ageing process.
The study of 2，401 twins found that a sedentary lifestyle raises the risk of a range of problems from heart disease to cancer and appears to play a key role in the ageing process.
It all appears to boil down to (归结为) the length of structures called telomeres (染色体终端)—which protect the DNA on the chromosomes (染色体), the researchers from King's College London wrote in the ArchivesofInternalMedicine.
Many studies have shown telomeres get shorter over time, suggesting the cells are ageing or dying. The study, which extracted (提取) a DNA sample from their volunteers, found people who exercised more each week had longer telomeres.
Exercise lowers the risk of a range of problems such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer, the researchers said. “It is not just walking around the block. It is really working up a sweat.” said Tim Spector, a genetic epidemiologist who led the study, in a telephone interview.
The study found people who exercised energetically 3 hours each week had longer telomeres and they were 9 years biologically younger than people who did under 15 minutes.
Spector's team, who also adjusted for body weight, smoking, economic status and physical activity at work, also said moderate exercise for 1 2 hours each week provided a four year advantage.
Studying twins also provided a unique opportunity to judge the effects of exercise on people with the same or similar genetic make up, the researchers said.
The reason why exercise has this effect is not clear but the researchers said they believe physical activity somehow defends against the natural process called oxidative stress (氧化应激反应), which damages and kills cells.
8．What is the risk of sedentary lifestyle
A．It can cause diseases.
B．It can make our cells alive.
C．It can lengthen telomeres.
D．It can keep us fit.
9．What do we know from the text
A．Exercising can shorten the telomeres.
B．The less exercise, the longer telomeres.
C．Sitting often boils more chromosomes.
D．Telomeres affect human being's ageing.
10．What can cause ageing according to the last paragraph
A.Cells with diseases.
B．Oxidative stress.
C．Genetic structure.
D．Physical activities.
11．What is the purpose of the text
A．To introduce some exercise.
B．To show how to do research.
C．To encourage people to exercise.
D．To advise people to lose weight.
课时作业(六)
阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。一项新的研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。如果你去健身房，就更容易坚持锻炼。
1．答案与解析：D'推理判断题。根据第二段的“A study found that gym members were 14 times more active than people who didn't belong to any health club.(一项研究发现，健身房会员的活跃程度是不属于任何健身俱乐部会员的14倍)”可推测，新研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。D项“Gym members were more active than non gym members.(健身会员比非会员更加活跃)”符合以上推测，故选D。
2．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。根据第三段的“The study included 405 people between the ages of 30 and 64 (这项研究包括405名年龄在30到64岁之间的人)”可知，研究人员研究了不同年龄段的人。C项“people from different age groups (来自不同年龄段的人)”符合以上说法，故选C。
3．答案与解析：D'推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“But Schroeder says that a gym may also encourage greater exercise because it can be social and fun.[但施罗德说，健身房也可能鼓励(人们进行)更多的锻炼，因为它是充满社交和乐趣的]”可知，在健身房锻炼是有趣的而且可以建立社交。故推测，伊丽莎白·施罗德认为去健身房更容易坚持锻炼。D项“It is easier to keep exercising if you go to the gym.(如果你去健身房，就更容易坚持锻炼)”符合以上推测，故选D。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。研究表明那些从事剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡概率一样，这是因为剧烈运动会损害我们的心脏和动脉。适度的运动才有助于我们的健康。
4．答案与解析：B'词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock.”可知，人们一般认为跑马拉松会帮助我们过上健康长寿的生活，但新的研究结果并不是这样。那些从事“strenuous workout”的人和根本不做运动的人死亡可能性一样。由此可以推测“running marathons”属于“strenuous”。再根据第二段中的“because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries”可推测，strenuous exercise是指剧烈运动。strenuous意为“高强度的，剧烈的，强烈的”。故选B。
5．答案与解析：C'推理判断题。第二段中的“The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non joggers.(研究表明每周慢跑超过三次或时速超过7英里的人死亡率与从不慢跑者相同)”通过呈现研究数据作为证据来证明文章第一段提出的观点：做剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡率一样。故选C。
6．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries. Over time, this can cause serious injuries.(科学家们认为这是因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉的结构改变。随着时间的推移，这会造成严重的伤害)”可知，剧烈运动可能会损伤我们的心脏和动脉。故选A。
7．答案与解析：D'推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”和第四段Jacob Louis Marott的观点“And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much.”可知，如果目标是降低死亡风险和延长寿命，以适当的速度每周慢跑几次是合适的，过度运动不仅没有必要，还可能有害。适当的运动才对我们的健康有好处。故选D。
C
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示，锻炼身体可能是保持年轻的关键。身体健康的人比不健康的人在生理上要年轻九岁，这一发现首次向人们展示了保持健康是如何影响衰老过程的。
8．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。根据第二段的“The study of 2，401 twins found that a sedentary lifestyle raises the risk of a range of problems from heart disease to cancer and appears to play a key role in the ageing process.(这项对2 401对双胞胎的研究发现，久坐不动的生活方式引发了从心脏病到癌症等一系列疾病的风险，而且在影响衰老过程中起着关键的作用)”可知，久坐不动的生活方式会导致疾病。故选A。
9．答案与解析：D'细节理解题。根据第三段可知，伦敦国王学院的研究人员在《内科学文献》中写道：“这一切似乎都归结于一种叫作染色体终端的结构的长度，它能够保护染色体上的DNA。”染色体终端影响人类的衰老。故选D。
10．答案与解析：B'细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The reason why exercise has this effect is not clear but the researchers said they believe physical activity somehow defends against the natural process called oxidative stress.(运动产生这种效果的原因尚不清楚，但研究人员表示，他们认为体育活动在某种程度上可以抵御氧化应激这一自然过程)”可知，氧化应激会导致衰老。故选B。
11．答案与解析：C'推理判断题。根据第一段可知，一项研究显示，锻炼身体可能是保持年轻的关键。身体健康的人比不健康的人在生理上要年轻九岁。文章的目的是鼓励人们锻炼。故选C。
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