2023届高考英语二轮复习基础语法复习(名词篇)课件(37张ppt)

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名称 2023届高考英语二轮复习基础语法复习(名词篇)课件(37张ppt)
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更新时间 2022-09-02 13:37:10

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(共37张PPT)
英语高考重要基础语法复习
名 词 篇
名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
在英语里,数量为“1”时, 称为单数,名词
用单数形式(原形)。数量“大于1”时,称为
复数,名词要加s/es。zero后的名词习惯用
复数形式。“零点几” 后的名词通常用复数
形式。
一般现在时: I/we/you/they/复数名词作
主语时,动词用原形;
第三人称单数he/she/it/单数名词作主
语时, 动词要加s/es。
【名词加s/es和动词加s/es方法相同】
1 second/dollar/student: 一秒/美元/学生
10 seconds/dollars/students: 10秒/美元/学生
zero hours/degrees/grams: 零点/零度/零克
0.1 degrees: 0.1度
0.5 meters/miles/grams: 0.5米/英里/克
1.7 meters/miles/grams: 1.7米/英里/克
1.9 square kilometers: 1.9平方公里
★(1)可数名词: 可以数, 有单数和复数两种
形式。
●单数名词前可以加:
a/an one the this that one’s
单数名词在句子里的时候它的前面不是
特殊情况必须加上以上之一。
●captain,president,chairman,monitor,king,
queen, mayor, governor, head, headmaster,
director等表示头衔的词在作表语、同
位语、宾语补足语时, 前面通常不加任
何冠词。
1)Now Joe Biden is president of the USA.
2)He became king at the age of fourteen.
3)David is (the) captain of the school
football team.
4)Dr. Smith, headmaster of the school, told
us that they held a sports meeting
every spring.
5)They elected Wang Weizhong governor of
Guangdong Province.
●复数名词前可以加:
the these those some any one’s
many several a few few
plenty of = a lot of = lots of
复数名词在句子的时候如表示泛指, 前面
不用加什么; 表示特指时要加the等。
★(2) 名词单数 名词复数
A.一般情况:+ s
bowls umbrellas flowers fans
B. s, x, ch, sh结尾的:+es
buses foxes benches brushes
sandwiches: 三明治
[ s nw t ] [ s nw d ]
【stomach --- stomachs:胃; 肚子】
[ st m k]
【month --- months】
C.辅音字母 + y 结尾: 先变y为i, 再 + es
country – countries enemy -- enemies
city -- cities
D.以o结尾的名词:
a. heroes tomatoes potatoes
b. volcano zero motto mosquito:
可以+s或者+es
c. euro(欧元) --- 复数euro/euros
d.其余 + s: radios photos
E.以f/fe结尾的:
多数词先把f 改为v, 再 + es
a. knife -- knives leaf -- leaves
(life, wolf,thief, half, shelf 变法同)
b. roof, proof, chief, chef, belief,
reef, cliff, safe: + s
c. handkerchief, scarf: a/b变法均可
d. giraffe --- giraffes/giraffe
(F)特殊情况:
man -- men woman -- women
child -- children foot -- feet
tooth -- teeth goose -- geese
datum -- data mouse -- mice
ox -- oxen
phenomenon (现象) -- phenomena
criterion (标准; 准则; 原则) -- criteria
crisis(危机) -- crises
analysis(分析) -- analyses
basis(原因; 准则; 方式; 基础) -- bases
【base(基础; 底座; 基底; 根据; 基地) -- bases】
appendix (附录) -- appendixes/appendices
medium(媒体; 手段; 方法) -- mediums/media
passer-by → passers-by: 过路人
grown-up → grown-ups: 成年人
a place of interest → places of interest:
名胜
brother-in-law → brothers-in-law:
内兄/弟; 姐/妹夫
(sister-in-law, son-in-law,
daughter-in-law 变法同)
(G)单数复数同形:
sheep deer aircraft series
species works means crossroads
Chinese Japanese Swiss
fish(通常形式。复数也可加-es。
fishes可指不同种类的鱼)
(H)表示特定意义的名词必须用复数:
trousers goods glasses
clothes shorts pants
compasses jeans scissors
(socks, stockings, shoes, gloves )
(people, police, cattle: 不加s,
但是以复数看待)
★(3)不可数名词: 不可数名词是指不
能以数目来计算,不可以分成个
体的概念、状态、品质、感情
或表示物质材料的东西。
常用的不可数名词有: advice, news,
weather, climate, information, wealth,
baggage/luggage, paper, work,
homework, housework, paperwork,
(firework: 烟火; 烟花。可数名词),
equipment, room/space(空间), grammar,
evidence,fun, practice, wood, progress,
jewelry, furniture,cash,money,change
( 零钱。作为“变化”讲时, 有单复数。),
garbage/rubbish,cloth,clothing,ink,blood,
bread, water, air, sweat, milk, tea, juice,
beer, wine, rain, snow, ice, fog, soil, oil,
silk, wool, sand, sugar, salt, heat, soap,
coal, cheese, meat, beef, mutton, pork,
chicken, rice, wheat, corn, butter, soup,
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, gold, silver
...食物,粮食,金属等。
waters: 水域; 领海; 海域。
paper: (C.) 报纸; 试卷; 答卷; 论文。
(这时为可数名词)
hair : 头发。 指全部头发时为不可数
名词; 指几根头发时为可数名词,
要加s
fruit: 水果。泛指水果的时候是不可数
名词,当单指某一种水果或者指水
果的种类或类别时可数名词。
a (piece of ) fruit: 一个水果
1)The man just lives on fruit.
2)Fresh fruit and vegetables provide
fibre and vitamins.
3)The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.
4)They sell various fruits at that shop.
●不可数名词前不可以直接加:
a/an one these those many
several a few few 等。
可以加: the this that some
any one’s much a little
little a good/great deal of
a lot of = lots of = plenty of
不可数名词没有单数、复数,前面
不可加a/an, 不可以给它们加s或者es。
不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
不可数名词在句子里的时候如表
示泛指, 它前面什么也不加; 如表示特
指要加the等。
●不可数名词要表示“一”时, 用以下
短语:
a glass/cup/bottle/bowl/plate/bucket/
bag/box/handful/spoonful/piece/
sheet/block/pile/bit/drop of…:
一玻璃杯/茶杯/瓶/碗/盘/桶/袋/
盒子/把/勺/张(块)/张(片)/大块/
堆/点/滴…
a bottle of water: 一瓶水
nine bottles of water: 九瓶水
a bag of rice: 一袋米
seven bags of rice: 七袋米
●tea coffee beer drink 等也可以作
可数名词用:
a beer/coffee/tea/drink
= a cup of beer/coffee/tea/drink:
一杯啤酒/咖啡/茶/饮料
two beers/coffees/teas/drinks
= two cups of beer/coffee/tea/drink:
两杯杯啤酒/咖啡/茶/饮料
★(4) of:…的。表示所有关系。
a map of China/the world:
一张中国/世界地图
the director of the company: 公司经理
the branches of the river: 河的支流
the house of my elder brother
= my elder brother’s house
我哥哥的房子
the works of Shakespeare
= Shakespeare’s works:
莎士比亚的作品
●…be of (some/great/much/little/no) value/
importance/help/use/benefit to…:
对…有/无价值(重要/有帮助/用处/益处)
...be of good/poor quality: 质量好/差
1)Science and technology are of great
importance to sustainable development.
= Science and technology are very important
to sustainable development.
2)The book is of much value to the leaders.
= The book is very valuable to the leaders.
3)Your car is of good quality.
◆The far side of the moon is of particular 64
(interesting) to scientists because it
has a lot of deep craters (环形山).
interest
★(5) 名词所有格:
某人(名词/名字)的什么(东西/人)
A. Peter’s /Li Ping’s books (chair):
Peter的 / 李平的书(椅子)
B. the children’s classroom/bedroom:
孩子们的教室/寝室
C. the teachers’ office: 老师办公室
D. Tom’s and Mike’s parents:
Tom的和Mike的父母亲 (分别有)
E. Tom and Mike’s parents:
Tom和Mike的父母亲 (共有)
F. today’s weather/newspaper:
今天的天气/报纸
the city’s population:这城市的人口
= the population of the city
three hours’ walk/drive/ride:
三小时的步行/开车/乘车(骑车)
●a three-hour walk/drive/ride:
三小时的步行/开车/乘车(骑车)
●a two-week holiday: 一次两周的假期
◆ “He saved my 64 (son) life,” said
Mrs. Brown.
son’s
★(6)双重所有格:表示部分与整体的关系。
A. 名词(部分) + of mine/yours/his/hers/
its/ours/theirs (整体)
B. 名词(部分) + of Li Hua’s/Betty’s (整体)
1)a relative of mine/yours: 我的/你的一个亲戚
two relatives of hers/his/ours/theirs:
她的/他的/我们的/他们的两个亲戚
a toy of mine/hers/his: 我的/她的/他的一个玩具
five students of yours/mine: 你的/我的五个学生
2)a plane of the king’s/the actor’s:
国王的/那个演员的一架飞机
three magazines of Tom’s/Li Ping’s:
Tom的/李平的3本杂志
six friends of Peter’s/Wang Ling’s:
Peter的/王玲的6个朋友
●注意区别:
a photo of my mother’s: 我母亲的一张照片
(我母亲拥有的或者收藏的)
a photo of my mother: 我母亲的一张照片
(照片上的人是我母亲)
◆64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered
to be his companion during the trip.
A
Thank you!