中考英语复习人教版中考词法之名词课件(共62张PPT)

(共62张PPT)
中考词法复习
— —名词
目
　录
01 名词
02 名词的词义辨析
03 名词的数
04 名词的所有格
05 直击中考
壹
名 词
名 词
名词
表示人、物、地点等具体的名称
（如学校、大街）
表示抽象概念的名称
（如健康、兴趣）
延迟符
01
02
04
03
Definition
表示现象 (sunshine)
表示抽象概念 (anger)
表示人
（man)
表示事物(camera)
名词
noun
名词是各省市考试题中重要的考点之一。多数省市的中考“单项选择”题中通常含考查名词的考题。有关名词的考点主要是名词单复数形式变化；所有格的用法；可数名词与不可数名词的辨析；不可数名词的计量；名词与其他词类的习惯搭配以及在特定语境中名词的用法辨析等。由于名词在英语中的重要地位，今后的中考试题中对“名词”的测试会保持一定的稳定性。考试题型通常是单选题，完形填空，单词拼写居多
考点解析
名词
名词
名 词
名词的分类
专有名词
普通名词
名词的数
可数名词
不可数名词
名词所有格
单数
复数
名词
分类1
分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。
如：Yao Ming姚明；China中国；Christmas; February；Sunday 等。
分类2
分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词可以直接计数，如 apple; book
不可数名词不能直接计数，如 water; beef
名词的分类
贰
名词的词义辨析
名词的词义辨析
同类名词词义辨析在中考中主要集中在词汇型完形填空中考查，所给选项的词汇均为同一话题类别。其主要涉及对地点建筑类、饮食类、时间类、职业类、称谓类、动物类等名词的考查。
1.同类名词词义辨析
同类名词词义辨析
（ ）1.（2020河北）In a restaurant， people usually choose food and drink from the .
A.book B.menu
C.newspaper D.magazine
（ ）2.（2020温州）Lucy's father works in No.1 Hospital.He is a .
A.teacher B.doctor
C.postman D.policeman
B
B
同类名词词义辨析
（ ）3.（2019河北）I like this song.It’s by one of my favorite_________.
A.singers B.dancers
C.painters D.writers
（ ）4.（2019武汉）—Dad，what is the loudspeaker saying？
—It is to the .The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A.customers B.passengers
C.members D.tourists
A
B
名词的词义辨析
不同类名词词义辨析的特点是所给选项的词汇为不同的话题类别。做这类试题，考生首先应分析各个选项的含义，然后结合句意及语境，找出关键词，最终选出正确答案。
2.不同类名词词义辨析
不同类名词词义辨析
（ ）1.（2018河北）Did you hear the ________ A scientist will visit our school.
A. advice B. news
C. praise D. choice
（ ）2.（2020重庆B卷）I don't know how to make a speech in public.Can you give me some ？
A.water B.money
C.food D.advice
B
D
不同类名词词义辨析
（ ）3.（2020襄阳）—What's your brother's ？
— It's about 1.75 meters.He's the tallest in his class.
A.age B.address
C.weight D.height
（ ）4.（2020江西）When you go rock climbing， you need to be careful so that you don't have a（n）_______.
A.chance B.accident
C.secret D.action
D
B
叁
名词的数
名词的数
1．可数名词的计量
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
单数可数名词前可以用a;an;one修饰,表示“一个”。
如：a ruler; an apple; one ball
注意：a 用于以辅音音素(指音标)开头的单数名词前；
an用于以元音音素(指音标)开头的单数名词前。
如：a story, an interesting story a red apple; an apple
a useful book; an unhappy boy
1. 可数名词的单数形式一般不能单独使用
可数名词的单数形式一般要在名词前加 “a \an或the”等词。
例题1：( ) A/An _________ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things.
A. actor B. scientist C. artist D. doctor
例题2：( )【2017南京】 —I go swimming every day.
—Wow! That’s a good . It keeps you healthy.
A. match B. task C. habit D. dream
可数名词单数
C
C
1
3
5
2
4
可数名词变复数
1. 一般情况，在词尾加 s：
desk → desks
pen → pens
room → rooms
2. 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词在词尾加 es
box → boxes bus → buses
watch→ watches dish → dishes
3.以 辅音字母＋y结尾的词先变y为i，再加 es
story → stories
family → families
以f或fe结尾的词先变f或fe为ve，再加 s
knife → knives leaf → leaves
以o结尾的名词在词尾s/ es
potato→ potatoes tomato → tomatoes
hero → heroes photo → photos
可数名词的不规则变化
单数形式 复数形式
man woman
tooth foot
child mouse
men
women
teeth
feet
children
mice
单数形式 复数形式
Chinese Japanese
Englishman Frenchman
German American
Chinese
Japanese
Englishmen
Frenchmen
Germans
Americans
中日不变，英法a变e，其它加 s.
可数名词变复数
可数名词变复数
a fish
two fish
a sheep
a deer
some deer
many sheep
fish
deer
sheep
鱼鹿羊
单复数同形
a boy student
two boy students
a man doctor
three men doctors
口诀：男人女人前后变，非男非女中心词变
复合名词
当前面的名词作为
后面名词的定语时，
只将后面的单数变
为复数。
以man, woman作定语修饰的复合名词，变复数时，前后都变
可数名词变复数
常见集体名词和常以复数形式出现的名词
police
class
…
people
集体名词
常以复数形式出现
glasses
socks
trousers
pants
shoes
…
可数名词变复数
1.For breakfast, Tina would like some milk and (蛋糕).
2.We should brush our after getting up every morning.
A.tooth B. tooths C.toothes D. teeth
3._Hey, boys. Look at the fallen（落下来的） .
_Well, it’s telling us that autumn is coming.
A. leaf B. leafs C.leafes D. leaves
4.I’d like some and .
A. banana; tomato B bananas; tomatos
C. bananas; tomatoes D. banana; tomatoes
5.Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three and four .
A. Japanese; German B Japaneses; Germans
C. Japanese; Germans D. Japaneses; German
中考链接
cakes




inventions
markets
中考链接
diaries
characters
中考链接
不可数名词
常见的不可数名词
物质类
water, milk, tea, juice,
meat, bread, beef
A
抽象类
news, advice, time, fun,
information, weather
B
不可数名词
不可数名词数量的表达
量词
piece 片
1
glass 玻璃杯
2
bottle 瓶
3
kilo 千克
4
cup 杯
5
box 盒
6
two bottles of milk
a cup of coffee
three pieces of bread
不可数名词前加量词，量词可数
可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词
可数
不可数 many/
too many
much/
too much
a number of
a bit of
few
little
a few
a little
a lot of ,
lots of,
plenty of,
some ,
tons of
a/
an
名词的数
1. a little:“一点点，一些”，接不可数名词（表肯定含义）
There is in the glass .
a little
water
a little
money.
I have
I’m thirsty, but there is water.
little
I want to buy some juice,
but I have money.
little
2. little:“几乎没有”，接不可数名词（表否定含义）
tea
orange juice
coffee
There is tea in the glass C.
A
B
C
There is a little orange juice in the glass A.
There is a little coffee in the glass B.
a little “一点点，一些”后接不可数名词（肯定含义）。
little“几乎没有”后接不可数名词（否定含义）
little
1.There is _____ milk in the bottle. I will buy some.
2.John has ______money and he can buy some things he wants.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
A
B
Let’s try!
There are a few oranges in the basket.
There are a few notebooks on the shelf.
3. a few“一些,几个”，后接可名复（表肯定含义）
Tom got many stickers , but Jenny got stickers .
few
4.few“几乎没有”，后接可名复（表否定含义）
十字记忆法
接可数
接不可数
a few
a little
few
little
表肯定
表否定
1.He has _______friends so he feels lonely.
2.He has _______friends and he often play with them.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
A
B
Practice大显身手
1. Please give me ______ paper.
A. one B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of
2. This table is made of_______.
A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass
3. —What can I do for you, sir —I'd like two_________.
A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks
C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks
4. We can do the work better with______money and ________ people.
A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few
D
D
C
A
中考链接
肆
名词的所有格
's 所有格
of 短语所有格
双重所有格
名词的所有格
's 所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词’s所有格的构成方法
1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”
*Kangkang’s father , Lucy’s book
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”.
*Teachers’ office The Greens’ house
3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
's 所有格
4.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，
在最后一个名词后加-’s;
*Lucy and Lily’s parents
5.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,
则在2个名词后都加-’s
*Lucy and Lily’s schoolbags
共有与分别拥有
共同拥有： A and B’s Lucy__ and Lily__ brother.
分别拥有： A’s and B’s Lucy__ and Tom___ uncles.
/
’s
’s
’s
_
_
_
1. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjoy it very much.
A. Children B. Childrens’ C. Children’s D. Child
2. The two bedroom are the ____.
A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins
3. Lucy is ____ sister.
A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
4. It’s ____from our school to my home.
A. ten minutes’ walk B.ten minute’s walk
C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk
C
C
D
A
中考链接
房间的窗户 the window____the room
门的钥匙 the key______the door
of
to
易错点
无生命的名词所有格
A of the B： “B 的A”
注意：
's 所有格
双重所有格
双重所有格
of +名词’s 或of+名词性物主代词。如：
A book of my daughter’s
我女儿的一本书
我其中的一个朋友
One of my friends
A friend of mine
名词的所有格所有格
teacher's
minutes'
Mother's
child's
government's
1：He is a friend of my _________(brother ) .
Is she a daughter of __________(you)
2：( )【2017甘肃白银】Mr. Black is a teacher of______. She and her classmates like him very much.
A. my sister B. my sister’s C. my sisters D. my sisters’
3：( )【2017长沙】—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours
—No, it’s my ______. He left it there just now.
A.brother B. brother’s C. brothers’
【注】有时两种所有格均可使用，但所表达的意义不同
This is a photo of my mother’s. 这是我母亲收藏的一张照片。
This is a photo of my mother. 这是一张我母亲的照片。
brother’s
yours
B
B
名词的所有格所有格
伍
直击中考
名词
nouns
可数名词
不可数名词
可数名词单数
可数名词复数
规则变化
不规则变化
既可数又不可数的名词
不可数名词的数量表达
名词所有格
有生命的
无生命的
双重所有格
专有名词
Summary
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
1. (2019临沂)In America, 95% of pet owners think of their animals as family___________(member)．
2. (2019宿迁)It is reported that the number of working ________ (wife) is becoming larger and larger.
3. (2019淮安)Andrew often does DIY with different ________(knife) in his free time.
4. (2019武汉改编)Our hometown has left many soft and sweet ________ (memory)in our heart.
5. (2019武汉改编)They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good ________(wish)．
members
wives
knives
memories
wishes
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
直击中考
4.(2020·江苏苏州)These a　　　　 (艺术家) design won an international award.
5.My dream is to be a famous doctor and save p　　　　　(病人) lives.
atients’
rtists’
Thank You