完形填空解题技巧课件中考英语复习人教版(共47张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
中考题型系列之——
完形填空
Cloze
目录
contents
01
做题思路
02
完型微技能
03
高分技巧
04
高分实战
01
做题思路
hamburger
01
What is cloze
when you see the picture on the left, what will you think of
格式塔心理学:
当看见不完整的事物时，人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概念，会在思想上把它补全.
补全心理
01
What is cloze
完形填空就是补全有缺失单词的语篇或文段，使之完整通顺。
补全心理
01
What is cloze？
01
完形填空做题思路
细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意
easy
理解词义，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破
复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心
完形填空遵循怎样的步骤？
读
选
验
01
Have a try !
Environmental volunteers work hard to protect the environment. They plant trees or _____ city parks.
A. clean B. enter C. draw D. enjoy
上下文
语境
01
At the age of three, Lisa began to care about life and death.
One day, she looked at her mother . “Mom, when you are old, you will die, won’t you ”
A. easily B. luckily C. happily D. worriedly
担心地
上下文
语境
Have a try !
01
Studying in a top university is many students’ dream, and parents will feel _____ if their children can make it.
A. proud B. upset
C. unusual D. unhappy
Have a try !
词义辨析
01
Summary of part 1
Steps for Cloze
Scanning
通读把握大意
Choosing
选择初定答案
Checking
复读验证答案
02
完形填空微技能
02
完形填空微技能
Barking ________ seldom bite.
Birds of a _________ flock together.
A man becomes learned by asking ______.
Once bitten, twice ______.
United we stand, divided we _____.
dog s
feather
questions
shy
fall
Proverbs:（谚语）
生活常识
复现（同畴词）
惯用搭配
逻辑关系（因果）
逻辑关系(对比）
02
完形填空微技能
02
原词复现法
03
词法及词义辨析解题法
04
文化背景、生活常识解题法
05
上下文逻辑推理法
01
首句信息法
02
首句信息法
文章文体
文章主题
文章时态
完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。通过理解首句我们应该获得什么信息。
A young man was interested in jade (玉）stones. So he went to Mr Smith, a gemologist (玉石家)，to learn from him. Mr Smith refused because he feared that the young man would not have the 36 to learn. The young man asked for a chance again and again. 37 Mr Smith agreed and told him, " Be here tomorrow."
1. A. chance B. ability
C. patient D. time
2. A. Slowly B. Silently
C. Quickly D. Finally
02
首句信息法
Have a try !
02
思路点拨
1. B　这一题要注意上下文之间的紧密联系。根据下文" told him to hold it"可知，此处表示让他拿住，本题考查动词辨析。难度较小。
2. A 根据文意可知，此处表示“史密斯先生又在年轻人的手里放了一块玉石 ”　，place的意思是 “放置”，give是 “给 ”的意思，send 的意思是“发送”，故选 A。本题难度较大。
02
原词复现
The next morning the young man came. Mr Smith put a jade stone in the young man's hand and told him to 38 it. He then went about his work. The young man sat quietly and waited.
The following morning, Mr Smith again 39 a jade stone in the young man's hand and told him to hold it.
3 A. cut B. hold
C. touch D. watch
4. A. placed B. took
C. gave D. sent
Have a try !
02
思路点拨
3. B　这一题要注意上下文之间的紧密联系。根据下文" told him to hold it"可知，此处表示让他拿住，本题考查动词辨析。难度较小。
4. A 根据文意可知，此处表示“史密斯先生又在年轻人的手里放了一块玉石 ”　，place的意思是 “放置”，give是 “给 ”的意思，send 的意思是“发送”，故选 A。本题难度较大。
02
These experiences taught me a lot. Though I might have been lucky 54 , I also need to put in hard work. As we know, pracitce makes perfect, so I believe success builds on less luck and chance.
5. A. at last B. at most
C. at first D. at least
Have a try !
词法及词义辨析解题法
02
本文主要讲述的是人们对成功的看法。一种说法是运气，一种说法是不断的练习。作者通过举例自己的亲身经历说明两种说法都不全面，成功既需要运气也需要后天的练习。
5. C 本题考察词义及词组辨析，要结合 前面的语篇，句意为：尽管最初我也许是因为幸运，但是我也要付出努力。
at last 最后，at most 至多， at first 最初 ，at least 至少。
思路点拨
02
文化背景、生活常识解题法
For example, most people would agree that talking loudly in library, a museum, or a movie theater is 6 . Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice 7 in public places.
6. A. polite B. rude C. impossible D. common
7. A. off B.small C. loud D. down
Have a try !
02
思路点拨
6. B 句意为“举例，大多数人认为，在图书馆、博物馆或者是电影院大声说话是粗鲁的。本题考查形容词辨析。polite 礼貌的，rude 粗鲁的，impossible不可能的， common 普通的。　
7. D 本题考的是常识性问题。我们都知道，即使在自己的朋友面前，说话也不能太大，所以在公共场合也最好小声说话。
02
You say that you love rain,
but you open your ____________ when it rains...
You say that you love the sun,
but you find a shadow spot when the _____ shines...
You say that you love the wind,
but you _______ your windows when wind blows...
This is ______ I am afraid;
You say that you love me too...
umbrella
sun
close
why
逻辑（转折）
逻辑（转折）
逻辑（因果）
逻辑（转折）
Have a try !
上下文逻辑推理法
02
微技能
词汇
逻辑关系
生活常识
复现
复现
同／近义词
原词复现
惯用搭配
时间关系
转折关系
因果关系
解释关系
反义词复现
对比关系
03
完型高分技巧
method
03
高分技巧
添加标题内容
When we want to complete a cloze
What is the first step
Main idea
03
The known information
The missing information
infer
Main idea
The golden rules of the cloze test
03
main idea
Who is the main character
What happened in the story When
How was he
What did the author tell us this story
With the help of following questions:
Look at the cloze on your handout and find out the main idea.
03
(2017 河北）One thorn(刺) of experience is worth many times of warning.
Ralph Wick was seven years old. In most things he was a fine boy, but he would cry from time to time. When he could not have what he wanted, he would ____36____ for it. If he was told that it would hurt him, and he could not ____37____ it, he would also cry.
One day, he went with his mother into the ____38____. The sun shone. The grass was cut. The flowers were starting to come out.
Ralph thought he was, for once, a good boy. A ____39____ was on his face. He wished to do as he was told. Ralph helped his mother with the farm work and he was very happy.
“Now you must be tired and ____40____,” said his mother. “Have a good rest here and eat some cookies. I will get a beautiful red rose for you.” So his mother brought the red flower to him. When he saw his mother still had a white rose in her hand, Ralph ____41____ it.
main idea
main character
how was he
when
03
“No, my dear.” said his mother. “See how many thorns it has. You must not touch it, or you would be sure to hurt your ____42____.” When Ralph found that he could not have the white rose, he began to cry, and ____43____ took it away. But he was soon very sorry. The thorns hurt his hand. It was so ____44____ that he could not use it for some time.
Ralph would never ____45____ this. From then on, when he wanted what he should not have, his mother would point to his hand which had been hurt before. He at last learned to do as he was told.
What happened in the story
03
解析：本文是一个夹叙夹议的记叙文。讲述7岁的Ralph在园子里帮妈妈干活时，不听妈妈劝说，执意要拿满身是刺的白玫瑰，最终手被严重刺伤，导致数日不能用手。从此他深深记住了这个教训，学会了听从劝导。这个故事证明全文第一句的谚语One thorn of experience is worth many times of warning.“一次痛彻心扉的经历，抵得上千百次的劝告。”
What did the author tell us this story
01
跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意
02
结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案
03
瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破
04
再读全文，反复检查
完形填空高分技巧
04
高分实战
03
完形填空的特点
完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合
运用能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数
在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设空。
学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处，
使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。
03
完形填空的设空规律
首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提
和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、
推测文章大意。
2. 短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。
（一）从文章结构看
（二）从语言层次看
句子层次的设空，指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。
句群层次的设空，指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目
语篇性设空 ，指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。
04
Practice 1
Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One
minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming loudly
enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 You, probably!
　 When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of taking
glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.
　 Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many
clothes. But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they
The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on, like the
electricity bill and food.
　 You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may
go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to
listen. Even if you 88 , your parents won’t change their minds. Parents like to
show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives.
Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that they’ll probably allow
you to go to the next two 89 .
Have a try !
04
You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’
point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730
meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get
Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 ,
your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.
　 Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after
the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased.
( ) 85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable
( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone
C. put them on D. throw them away
( ) 87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising
( ) 88. A. agree B. complain C. listen D. win
( ) 89. A. concerts B. meetings C. classes D. parties
( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last
( ) 91. A. do the cooking B. lay the table
C. buy some snacks D. wash the dishes
04
解析：
85. （前制性设空）文章第一段提出，父母的态度往往会
令你感到诧异，他们有时是那么友好，忽然间又会生气地
大声嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他们的态度是那么地易变changeable。所以，
本题答案为C。
86. （句子层次的设空）青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯。例如，在家脱
衣后应该及时挂 上。B项leave them alone 表示“让它们独自留下”；
C项put them up 表示“把他们穿上”；D项throw them away表示“把它们扔掉”，
以上答案显然均不符合文章意思，而A项hang them up 正是“把衣服挂上”
的意思，所以答案为A。
87. （后制性设空）家长会给孩子买许多衣服，但他们不会经常为自己购
物，那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计，他们往往把钱花在更重要的事
情上，所以答案为C。
88. （前制性设空）你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚，他们会一遍
又一遍地唠叨你 小时候的乖巧可爱，而你只能洗耳恭听（They may go on
and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen.）
显然，你会对此而抱怨，但家长们仍不以为然
（… your parents won’t change their minds.），所以本题答案为B。
04
解析：
89. （前制性设空） 如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的
家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这
种聚会。选项A、B、C与聚会无关，应予淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。
90. （语篇性设空）每日吃饭时，应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿
时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体
（Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. …,
your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.）。根据文
章内容，空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答 案为A。
91. （前制性设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间
（Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals.）。饭后也要提出帮助
父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中，我们可
以看到D项符合饭后可做的事，A项do the cooking 表示“煮饭”，
B项lay the table表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前，C项buy some snacks
与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。
04
Practice 2
I have invented robots which improve the work of cars. My love of making things began 36 I was a kid. I really became excited about inventing after I learned about Thomas Edison.
One day in fourth grade, our 37 gave us a project in class. We had to write to a company and learn about the products. I thought and thought. 38 I chose the Thomas A. Edison Company. Soon after, the company sent me a book about the life of Thomas Edison. How I enjoyed reading and re-reading about his 39 ! I like the recorded sound and the electric light most. The inventions were clearly printed on my brain.
My dad noticed my interest in inventing and 40 me. He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new things. Once, I surprised my dad 41 a model plane I made. Later, we found a 42 model plane in a store. I learned that different inventors often invent similar things. It is not unusual for this to happen. I also learned that not all great ideas 43 . Failure is a common part of the inventing.
Have a try !
04
As my father and I worked together, I began to realize that my dad was quite an inventor himself. He was always 44 a better way to do a simple job. His guiding hands, together with my 45 in inventing, led me to become an engineer and an inventor. Of course, I also thank Thomas Edison. He is my hero.
36. A. before B. after C. when D. until
37. A. parent B. teacher C. inventor D. engineer
38. A. Easily B. Finally C. Safely D. Quickly
39. A. lights B. projects C. suggestions D. inventions
40. A. mistook B. refused C. chose D. encouraged
41. A. with B. about C. into D. from
42. A. different B. similar C. large D. small
43. A. work B. fail C. come D. end
44. A. looking at B. looking for C. looking after D. looking through
45. A. habit B. story C. interest D. plan
04
【解析】
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者小时候对制造东西就非常感兴趣，上学后对托马斯 爱迪生及其发明有了更深入了解。托马斯 爱迪生的影响，以及父亲对作者的支持、鼓励，加上作者对发明的兴趣，使作者成为一名工程师和发明家。
36. C 考查连词词义辨析。before以前，在……之前；after在……之后；when当……时候；until直到……。联系下文可知，在我小时候，就热爱制造东西，所以“when”用在这里符合语境，故选C。
37. B 考查名词词义辨析。parent父(母)亲；teacher老师；inventor发明家；engineer工程师。联系常识，学校里应是老师布置作业，所以“teacher”用在这里符合语境，故选B。
38. B 考查副词词义辨析。easily容易地；finally最后，终于；safely安全地；quickly很快地。分析语境，我考虑再三，最后选择了托马斯爱迪生公司，所以“finally”用在这里符合语境，故选B。
39. D 考查名词词义辨析。lights灯泡；projects课题，项目；suggestions建议；inventions发明。联系下文，我最喜欢录制的声音和电灯，可知，此处指的是爱迪生的发明，所以“inventions”用在这里符合语境，故选D。
40. D 考查动词词义辨析。mistook弄错；refused拒绝；chose选择；encouraged鼓励。联系下文，父亲经常鼓励我，教我方法，所以“encouraged”用在这里符合语境，故选D。
04
41. A 考查介词词义辨析。with带有，和……一起；about关于；into到……里；from从，来自。短语surprise sb. with sth.意为“用某物使某人大吃一惊”，故选A。
42. B 考查形容词词义辨析。different不同的；similar相似的；large大的；small小的。联系下文，“I learned that different inventors often invent similar things.”可知，我在商店里发现了跟我的模型相似的模型飞机，所以“similar”用在这里符合语境，故选B。
43. A 考查动词词义辨析。work工作；fail失败；come来；end结束。联系常识及下文“Failure is a common part of the inventing.(失败是发明创造中常见的一部分)”可知，并非所有的想法都能奏效，所以“work”用在这里符合语境，故选A。
44. B 考查动词短语辨析。looking at看；looking for寻找；looking after照顾，照看；looking through浏览。联系上下文，父亲总是在寻找做简单工作的更好的方法。所以“looking for”用在这里符合语境，故选B。
45. C 考查名词词义辨析。habit习惯；story故事；interest兴趣；plan计划。联系上文，此处指的是我对发明的兴趣，所以“interest”用在这里符合语境，故选C。
That’s all
Thank you