非谓语动词用法+练习+答案
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非谓语动词用法与练习
考点精要
动词不定式
动词不定式作主语
1. 当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。如：
To say something is one thing; to do it is another. （说是一回事，做是另一回事。）
To help animals is helping people. （帮助动物就是帮助人）
2. 当动词不定式在句子中作主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语，以使句子保持平衡。如：
It took me half an hour to work out this problem. （解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间）
It is not difficult to work out the problem. 弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
3. It's for sb. to do…和 It's of sb. to do…
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
（1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well. (对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难.
（2）of sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。=You are very nice to help me.
动词不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
动词不定式作宾语
1. 及物动词ask，agree，beg，care，choose，decide，expect，force，fail， hope，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，prepare，promise，refuse，want，wish等要求动词不定式作宾语。如：
We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一点身势语。
She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。
No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。
2. 在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋动词＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。如：
I found it difficult to learn English well. （我发现学好英语很难。）
He is trying to make it easier to solve the problem. （他在努力让这个问题的解决容易起来。）
动词不定式作宾补
1. 能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow，get，warn，tell，invite，force，beg，wish，want， like，hate，expect，encourage，advise，persuade，permit，request， order，cause，等。如：
Would you like me to help you Father will not allow us to play on the street.
2. 有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有： “一感”“二听”“三让”“四观看”。 一感：feel；二听：hear, listen to；三让：let, have, make；四观看：observe, see, watch, look at。但是，转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。
What would you have me do 你要我做什么？ She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。
Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。
I saw him dance after supper. = He was seen to dance after supper .
The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. （老板让他们整夜干活。）
动词不定式作定语
1. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。如：
I have a lot of work to do. There was nothing to bring home that morning.
Do you have anything to say Would you like something to drink
2. 不定式里的动词如果是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。
She has nothing to worry about. Please give me some paper to write on.
Let’s find a room to put these things in. He has no pen to write with.
动词不定式作状语
1. 作目的状语, 常用结构为to do , in order to do, so as to do, so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2. 作结果状语。如：
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，却没发现什么。（only to可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。）
3. 作原因状语。如：
I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 She cried to see her mother. 她一看到她的妈妈就哭了。
4. 作条件状语。如：
He must be a fool to say so. 这样说他可定是傻子。
You will do well to speak more carefully. 如果你仔细说，你会做得更好。
疑问词+动词不定式
decide，find out， forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，which。如：
Would you teach us how to drive a car 你愿意教我们如何开车吗？
Let me tell you what to do now. 让我来告诉你现在该做什么。
不定式的否定形式
１．不定式的否定通常应直接在不定式前加否定词not。如：
Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
２．关于too......to.......表示否定的情况
表示“如此......以致不能......，”一般表示否定。如：
He is too young to go to school. (=He is so young that he can't go to school.)他年龄太小，不能上学。
She was too excited to say a word. (=She was so excited that she could not say a word.)他激动的连一句话也说不出来。
不定式的省略形式
1．情态动词（除ought 外）后。如：He can swim very well.
2．使役动词 let, have, make后以及感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
3．would rather，had better句型后。如：You’d better go home now.
4．Why… / why no…句型后。如：Why not go and ask your teacher for help
5．help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth。如：He always helps (to) do some housework.
6．but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to，即“有do无to”.
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7．由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去.
He likes to play soccer and surf on the Internet.
动名词
动名词作主语
Learning a foreign language is very useful to me. 学习一门外语，来说是非常重要的。
动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别。一般地说，动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为，尤其是强调多次性的动作；不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如：
Smoking is not allowed here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
动名词作宾语
1. 有些动词只能用动名词作直接宾语，不能用不定式作直接宾语。如：advise，avoid，consider，delay，finish，mind，miss，permit，practise，enjoy appreciate，imagine，如：
He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完这本书。
Have you considered looking for one special friend 你是否考虑过找一位特别亲密的朋友呢？
2. 动名词作介词宾语的用法
prevent...from， depend on，feel like， be fond of， be proud of， put off， give up， devote oneself to ，help yourself to， be busy in，be afraid of， apologize for， pay attention to，look forward to等。
I don't feel like walking very much today. 今天我不想走太多的路。
The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻止风刮走土。
注意： 动名词前的介词有时可以省略。如：
have difficulty (in) doing，have no trouble (in) doing，prevent/stop......(from) doing，etc;
I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English.我发某些英语单词的音有一些困难。
The heavy rain kept them from going out.大雨阻止了他们外出。
We must stop them (from) making the same mistake again.我们必须防止犯同样的错误。
3. 有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语，也可以用不定式作直接宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义
（1）like，love，prefer，hate......等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的情感动词，后跟不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种爱好或习惯性的动作”。如：
I don't like to read this novel.我不喜欢看这本小说。 I don't like reading in bed.我不喜欢在床上看书。
I prefer to work rather than sit idle.我情愿工作而不愿闲坐着。
注意：这几个词前面有would， should 时，后面都只跟不定式。如：
Would you like to dine out 你愿意在外面吃顿饭吗？
（2）动词remember，forget，stop，go on，try，regret，can't help等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语，但表达的意思却不同。与动词不定式连用时，表示未完成的动作。如：
①remember 后用动名词表示“记起过去做过的一件事”；后用动词不定式表示“记住要去做某一件事情”。如：
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过那个人吗
②forget 后用动词不定式表示.“忘记要去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“忘记过去做过的一件事情”。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
③stop后用动词不定式表示 “停下来做另一件事情”（停下来的目的）；后用动名词表示“停止正在做的事情”。如：
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
④go on doing sth 表示“继续不停地做某事”或“一件事没有做完，停顿后继续做下去；而go on to do sth. 表示继续做与原来不同的事。”如：
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
⑤try 用动词不定式表示“设法去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“试一试”。如：
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
⑥mean后用动词不定式表示“打算、想要做某事”；后用动名词表示“意味着、意思是”。例如：
I meant to tell you yesterday，but you were not in your office.我打算昨天告诉你，但是你不在办公室。
Missing the train means waiting for an hour错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时。
⑦can't help后用动词不定式表示“不能帮助做......”。后用动名词表示“禁不住....”。如：
He couldn't help crying. 他禁不住大哭起来。
We couldn't help to finish it. 我们不能帮助完成这件事。
⑧be afraid to do表示“害怕去做某事”；be afraid of doing表示“担心”。如：
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
4. 动词need, want以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。如：His clothes need mending (need to be mended). 他的衣服需要缝补。
Our teacher said that our way of study needed improving. 老师说我们的这种学习方法需要改进。
These babies will need taking good care of. 这些婴儿需要细心照料。
His talk is well worth listening to. 他的报告很值得一听。
动名词作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
用于布告形式的省略结构中
如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed here ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车）
现在分词
现在分词作表语
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling，etc
He was very amusing. That book was rather boring.
现在分词作定语
面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰名词，如：
That must be a terrifying experience. I found him an interesting person.
在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句，如：
There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside.
现在分词作状语
1. 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：
Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
2. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
3. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework.
Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road.
现在分词作宾补
现在分词在一些动词之后（see, hear, catch, find, keep , have）做宾语的补语，如：
I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning. She kept him working all day.
现在分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定结构由“not+现在分词”构成，如：
Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help. Not seeing John，I asked where he was.
过去分词
动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
过去分词作表语
主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
过去分词做定语
1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面。如：
The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
2. 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面。如：
Is there anything planned for tomorrow 明天有什么活动计划吗？
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
3. 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
过去分词做状语
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1. 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。如：
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
2. 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
3. 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 （If he is given another chance,…….）
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
4. 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
5. 表方式或伴随情况。如：
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
过去分词作宾补
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
练习汇总
1. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______.
A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which one
C. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one
2. —How is the baby
—Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ______,but it didn’t work
A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry
3. —Driving less, walking more is good for our health.
—So I'd rather _____an hour's walk to work than consider a car.
A. take, drive B. take, to drive C. take, driving D. taking, driving
4. —What are on show in the museum
—Some photos _____by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.
A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken
5. —Your English is pretty good! How about ______ some advice to me
—With pleasure.
A. give B. gives C. giving D. given
6. —Please remember ______ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK, I will.
A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. to turn
7. — Haven’t you seen the sign,_____ “NO PHOTOS”
— I’m really sorry I didn’t
A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading
8. —Would you like ______camping with me
— I’d like to. But I’m busy ______my homework.
A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing
—As teenagers，we’re old enough ______ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.
—I couldn’t agree more.
A. to help B. helping C. helped D. to helping
10. —George was heard _______ just now. What happened
—People was telling a joke.
A. to cry B. Cry C. to laugh D. laugh
11. — Have you made up your mind _____ the chance to go to France
— No. I’m practicing _____ the French language.
A. to give up; to learn B. to give up; learning C. giving up; to learn D. giving up; learning
12. —How about going shopping this weekend, Peter
—Sorry. I prefer ______ rather than ______.
A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home
13. —Mary dances best in our school.
—I agree. I’ll never forget ____ her dance for the first time.
A. seeing B. to see C. see D. seen
14. The great hall was crowded with many people, ____many children ____on their parents’ laps.
A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting
15. — What do you usually do at weekends — I often practice ____English.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke
16. When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei________ my homework. I really got_______.
A. copying, annoyed B. copying, annoying C. copy, annoyed D. copied, annoyed
17. — _______ a volunteer is great.
— I think so. Some of us want _______volunteers for the London Olympics.
A. Being; being B. To be; being C. Being; to be D. To be; to be
18. —I often have hamburgers for lunch.
— You’d better not. It’s bad for you ______ too much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
19. As is known to us all, traveling is____, but we often feel _____when we are back from travels.
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
20. You’d better ______ Oliver about it. It’s secret.
A. tell B. to tell C. not tell D. not to tell
1.答案：C【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。根据句意：我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一个。第一个句子的live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一个”用“which one to choose”。故选C。
2.答案：B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词用法。make后面跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
3.答案：C 【解析】考察动词及动词短语的用法。would rather do意为“宁愿干某事”， 后面接动词原形；consider doing意为“考虑做某事”，后面接动名词。故选C。
4.答案：D【解析】本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。taken 作some photos 的定语，分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。故选D。
5.答案：C【解析】非谓语动词的用法.How about中about的介词所以后面用动名词giving.故选C.
6.答案：B 【解析】非谓语动词的用法.remember to do表示记得去做sth，remember doing表示记得做过sth.根据文意知道要表示记得去做，所以选B.
7.答案：D【解析】-ing形式短语作定语,相当于which reads “NO PHOTOS”。
8.答案：B【解析】考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.想要做某事；be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事。所以选择答案B。
9.答案：A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据enough的句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth. 可知用动词不定式的形式。
10.答案：C【解析】考查非谓语动词。 人们在讲笑话，不应该哭，排除A、B；be heard to do sth，是固定用法，意为：被听到做某事，故选C。
11.答案：B【解析】make up one’s mind意为“决定”,后可接不定式或that从句作宾语。
12.答案：A【解析】动词用法。prefer to do rather than do意为“宁愿---而不愿”。根据句义，“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去”。
13.答案：A【解析】本题题意为“玛丽是我们学校跳舞最好的。”“我同意，我永远不会忘记第一次看她跳舞的时候。”考查非谓语性动词的用法，forget to do sth表示“忘记去做某事（事情未做）”；forget doing sth表示“忘记做过某事（事情已经完成）”，本题中“看她跳舞”这件事已经发生过，因此答案为A。
14.答案：A【解析】including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。
15.答案：C【解析】动词用法。practice doing sth。练习干某事。
16.答案：A【解析】考查固定用法。notice sb. doing sth. 意为“看到某人正在干某事”，而notice sb. do sth. 意为“看到某人做过某事”；get annoyed意为“变得生气”，相当于get angry。句意为“当有人经过窗户的时候。我注意王峰正在抄作业。我真地很生气。”故选A。
17.答案：C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。want后跟不定式，排除A和B。to be作主语时，一般用于It is+adj. to be...。结构。动名词being 表示“作为”。故选C。
18.答案：B【解析】动词不定式。It为形式主语，动词不定式to eat too much junk food 作真正的主语。
19.答案：A【解析】作形容词用的-ing形式常用来修饰物,作形容词用的-ed分词常用来修饰人。注意:当修饰人的表情、眼神、眼泪、叫声时,常用-ed分词,如:excited look(激动的表情)。
20.答案：C 【解析】考查非谓语不定式。根据had better (not) do sth.排除B和D，再由secret知道答案。
考点精要
动词不定式
动词不定式作主语
1. 当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。如：
To say something is one thing; to do it is another. （说是一回事，做是另一回事。）
To help animals is helping people. （帮助动物就是帮助人）
2. 当动词不定式在句子中作主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语，以使句子保持平衡。如：
It took me half an hour to work out this problem. （解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间）
It is not difficult to work out the problem. 弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
3. It's for sb. to do…和 It's of sb. to do…
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
（1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well. (对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难.
（2）of sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。=You are very nice to help me.
动词不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
动词不定式作宾语
1. 及物动词ask，agree，beg，care，choose，decide，expect，force，fail， hope，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，prepare，promise，refuse，want，wish等要求动词不定式作宾语。如：
We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一点身势语。
She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。
No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。
2. 在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋动词＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。如：
I found it difficult to learn English well. （我发现学好英语很难。）
He is trying to make it easier to solve the problem. （他在努力让这个问题的解决容易起来。）
动词不定式作宾补
1. 能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow，get，warn，tell，invite，force，beg，wish，want， like，hate，expect，encourage，advise，persuade，permit，request， order，cause，等。如：
Would you like me to help you Father will not allow us to play on the street.
2. 有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有： “一感”“二听”“三让”“四观看”。 一感：feel；二听：hear, listen to；三让：let, have, make；四观看：observe, see, watch, look at。但是，转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。
What would you have me do 你要我做什么？ She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。
Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。
I saw him dance after supper. = He was seen to dance after supper .
The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. （老板让他们整夜干活。）
动词不定式作定语
1. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。如：
I have a lot of work to do. There was nothing to bring home that morning.
Do you have anything to say Would you like something to drink
2. 不定式里的动词如果是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。
She has nothing to worry about. Please give me some paper to write on.
Let’s find a room to put these things in. He has no pen to write with.
动词不定式作状语
1. 作目的状语, 常用结构为to do , in order to do, so as to do, so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2. 作结果状语。如：
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，却没发现什么。（only to可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。）
3. 作原因状语。如：
I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 She cried to see her mother. 她一看到她的妈妈就哭了。
4. 作条件状语。如：
He must be a fool to say so. 这样说他可定是傻子。
You will do well to speak more carefully. 如果你仔细说，你会做得更好。
疑问词+动词不定式
decide，find out， forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，which。如：
Would you teach us how to drive a car 你愿意教我们如何开车吗？
Let me tell you what to do now. 让我来告诉你现在该做什么。
不定式的否定形式
１．不定式的否定通常应直接在不定式前加否定词not。如：
Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
２．关于too......to.......表示否定的情况
表示“如此......以致不能......，”一般表示否定。如：
He is too young to go to school. (=He is so young that he can't go to school.)他年龄太小，不能上学。
She was too excited to say a word. (=She was so excited that she could not say a word.)他激动的连一句话也说不出来。
不定式的省略形式
1．情态动词（除ought 外）后。如：He can swim very well.
2．使役动词 let, have, make后以及感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
3．would rather，had better句型后。如：You’d better go home now.
4．Why… / why no…句型后。如：Why not go and ask your teacher for help
5．help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth。如：He always helps (to) do some housework.
6．but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to，即“有do无to”.
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7．由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去.
He likes to play soccer and surf on the Internet.
动名词
动名词作主语
Learning a foreign language is very useful to me. 学习一门外语，来说是非常重要的。
动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别。一般地说，动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为，尤其是强调多次性的动作；不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如：
Smoking is not allowed here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
动名词作宾语
1. 有些动词只能用动名词作直接宾语，不能用不定式作直接宾语。如：advise，avoid，consider，delay，finish，mind，miss，permit，practise，enjoy appreciate，imagine，如：
He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完这本书。
Have you considered looking for one special friend 你是否考虑过找一位特别亲密的朋友呢？
2. 动名词作介词宾语的用法
prevent...from， depend on，feel like， be fond of， be proud of， put off， give up， devote oneself to ，help yourself to， be busy in，be afraid of， apologize for， pay attention to，look forward to等。
I don't feel like walking very much today. 今天我不想走太多的路。
The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻止风刮走土。
注意： 动名词前的介词有时可以省略。如：
have difficulty (in) doing，have no trouble (in) doing，prevent/stop......(from) doing，etc;
I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English.我发某些英语单词的音有一些困难。
The heavy rain kept them from going out.大雨阻止了他们外出。
We must stop them (from) making the same mistake again.我们必须防止犯同样的错误。
3. 有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语，也可以用不定式作直接宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义
（1）like，love，prefer，hate......等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的情感动词，后跟不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种爱好或习惯性的动作”。如：
I don't like to read this novel.我不喜欢看这本小说。 I don't like reading in bed.我不喜欢在床上看书。
I prefer to work rather than sit idle.我情愿工作而不愿闲坐着。
注意：这几个词前面有would， should 时，后面都只跟不定式。如：
Would you like to dine out 你愿意在外面吃顿饭吗？
（2）动词remember，forget，stop，go on，try，regret，can't help等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语，但表达的意思却不同。与动词不定式连用时，表示未完成的动作。如：
①remember 后用动名词表示“记起过去做过的一件事”；后用动词不定式表示“记住要去做某一件事情”。如：
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过那个人吗
②forget 后用动词不定式表示.“忘记要去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“忘记过去做过的一件事情”。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
③stop后用动词不定式表示 “停下来做另一件事情”（停下来的目的）；后用动名词表示“停止正在做的事情”。如：
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
④go on doing sth 表示“继续不停地做某事”或“一件事没有做完，停顿后继续做下去；而go on to do sth. 表示继续做与原来不同的事。”如：
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
⑤try 用动词不定式表示“设法去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“试一试”。如：
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
⑥mean后用动词不定式表示“打算、想要做某事”；后用动名词表示“意味着、意思是”。例如：
I meant to tell you yesterday，but you were not in your office.我打算昨天告诉你，但是你不在办公室。
Missing the train means waiting for an hour错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时。
⑦can't help后用动词不定式表示“不能帮助做......”。后用动名词表示“禁不住....”。如：
He couldn't help crying. 他禁不住大哭起来。
We couldn't help to finish it. 我们不能帮助完成这件事。
⑧be afraid to do表示“害怕去做某事”；be afraid of doing表示“担心”。如：
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
4. 动词need, want以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。如：His clothes need mending (need to be mended). 他的衣服需要缝补。
Our teacher said that our way of study needed improving. 老师说我们的这种学习方法需要改进。
These babies will need taking good care of. 这些婴儿需要细心照料。
His talk is well worth listening to. 他的报告很值得一听。
动名词作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
用于布告形式的省略结构中
如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed here ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车）
现在分词
现在分词作表语
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling，etc
He was very amusing. That book was rather boring.
现在分词作定语
面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰名词，如：
That must be a terrifying experience. I found him an interesting person.
在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句，如：
There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside.
现在分词作状语
1. 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：
Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
2. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
3. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework.
Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road.
现在分词作宾补
现在分词在一些动词之后（see, hear, catch, find, keep , have）做宾语的补语，如：
I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning. She kept him working all day.
现在分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定结构由“not+现在分词”构成，如：
Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help. Not seeing John，I asked where he was.
过去分词
动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
过去分词作表语
主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
过去分词做定语
1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面。如：
The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
2. 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面。如：
Is there anything planned for tomorrow 明天有什么活动计划吗？
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
3. 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
过去分词做状语
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1. 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。如：
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
2. 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
3. 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 （If he is given another chance,…….）
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
4. 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
5. 表方式或伴随情况。如：
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
过去分词作宾补
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
练习汇总
1. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______.
A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which one
C. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one
2. —How is the baby
—Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ______,but it didn’t work
A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry
3. —Driving less, walking more is good for our health.
—So I'd rather _____an hour's walk to work than consider a car.
A. take, drive B. take, to drive C. take, driving D. taking, driving
4. —What are on show in the museum
—Some photos _____by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.
A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken
5. —Your English is pretty good! How about ______ some advice to me
—With pleasure.
A. give B. gives C. giving D. given
6. —Please remember ______ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK, I will.
A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. to turn
7. — Haven’t you seen the sign,_____ “NO PHOTOS”
— I’m really sorry I didn’t
A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading
8. —Would you like ______camping with me
— I’d like to. But I’m busy ______my homework.
A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing
—As teenagers，we’re old enough ______ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.
—I couldn’t agree more.
A. to help B. helping C. helped D. to helping
10. —George was heard _______ just now. What happened
—People was telling a joke.
A. to cry B. Cry C. to laugh D. laugh
11. — Have you made up your mind _____ the chance to go to France
— No. I’m practicing _____ the French language.
A. to give up; to learn B. to give up; learning C. giving up; to learn D. giving up; learning
12. —How about going shopping this weekend, Peter
—Sorry. I prefer ______ rather than ______.
A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home
13. —Mary dances best in our school.
—I agree. I’ll never forget ____ her dance for the first time.
A. seeing B. to see C. see D. seen
14. The great hall was crowded with many people, ____many children ____on their parents’ laps.
A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting
15. — What do you usually do at weekends — I often practice ____English.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke
16. When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei________ my homework. I really got_______.
A. copying, annoyed B. copying, annoying C. copy, annoyed D. copied, annoyed
17. — _______ a volunteer is great.
— I think so. Some of us want _______volunteers for the London Olympics.
A. Being; being B. To be; being C. Being; to be D. To be; to be
18. —I often have hamburgers for lunch.
— You’d better not. It’s bad for you ______ too much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
19. As is known to us all, traveling is____, but we often feel _____when we are back from travels.
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
20. You’d better ______ Oliver about it. It’s secret.
A. tell B. to tell C. not tell D. not to tell
1.答案：C【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。根据句意：我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一个。第一个句子的live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一个”用“which one to choose”。故选C。
2.答案：B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词用法。make后面跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
3.答案：C 【解析】考察动词及动词短语的用法。would rather do意为“宁愿干某事”， 后面接动词原形；consider doing意为“考虑做某事”，后面接动名词。故选C。
4.答案：D【解析】本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。taken 作some photos 的定语，分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。故选D。
5.答案：C【解析】非谓语动词的用法.How about中about的介词所以后面用动名词giving.故选C.
6.答案：B 【解析】非谓语动词的用法.remember to do表示记得去做sth，remember doing表示记得做过sth.根据文意知道要表示记得去做，所以选B.
7.答案：D【解析】-ing形式短语作定语,相当于which reads “NO PHOTOS”。
8.答案：B【解析】考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.想要做某事；be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事。所以选择答案B。
9.答案：A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据enough的句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth. 可知用动词不定式的形式。
10.答案：C【解析】考查非谓语动词。 人们在讲笑话，不应该哭，排除A、B；be heard to do sth，是固定用法，意为：被听到做某事，故选C。
11.答案：B【解析】make up one’s mind意为“决定”,后可接不定式或that从句作宾语。
12.答案：A【解析】动词用法。prefer to do rather than do意为“宁愿---而不愿”。根据句义，“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去”。
13.答案：A【解析】本题题意为“玛丽是我们学校跳舞最好的。”“我同意，我永远不会忘记第一次看她跳舞的时候。”考查非谓语性动词的用法，forget to do sth表示“忘记去做某事（事情未做）”；forget doing sth表示“忘记做过某事（事情已经完成）”，本题中“看她跳舞”这件事已经发生过，因此答案为A。
14.答案：A【解析】including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。
15.答案：C【解析】动词用法。practice doing sth。练习干某事。
16.答案：A【解析】考查固定用法。notice sb. doing sth. 意为“看到某人正在干某事”，而notice sb. do sth. 意为“看到某人做过某事”；get annoyed意为“变得生气”，相当于get angry。句意为“当有人经过窗户的时候。我注意王峰正在抄作业。我真地很生气。”故选A。
17.答案：C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。want后跟不定式，排除A和B。to be作主语时，一般用于It is+adj. to be...。结构。动名词being 表示“作为”。故选C。
18.答案：B【解析】动词不定式。It为形式主语，动词不定式to eat too much junk food 作真正的主语。
19.答案：A【解析】作形容词用的-ing形式常用来修饰物,作形容词用的-ed分词常用来修饰人。注意:当修饰人的表情、眼神、眼泪、叫声时,常用-ed分词,如:excited look(激动的表情)。
20.答案：C 【解析】考查非谓语不定式。根据had better (not) do sth.排除B和D，再由secret知道答案。
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