中考词法系列之
——名词
学生课堂手稿student handout
名词
一、考点解析
名词是各省市考试题中重要的考点之一。多数省市的中考“单项选择”题中通常含考查名词的考题。有关名词的考点主要是名词单复数形式变化；所有格的用法；可数名词与不可数名词的辨析；不可数名词的计量；名词与其他词类的习惯搭配以及在特定语境中名词的用法辨析等。由于名词在英语中的重要地位，今后的中考试题中对“名词”的测试会保持一定的稳定性。考试题型通常是单选题，完形填空，单词拼写居多
名 词
名词的分类
分类1
分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。
如：Yao Ming姚明；China中国；Christmas; February；Sunday 等。
分类2
分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词可以直接计数，如 apple; book
不可数名词不能直接计数，如 water; beef
三、名词的所有格
's 所有格
of 短语所有格
双重所有格
名词的词义辨析
一、名词的词义辨析
1. 同类名词词义辨析
同类名词词义辨析在中考中主要集中在词汇型完形填空中考查，所给选项的词汇均为同一话题类别。其主要涉及对地点建筑类、饮食类、时间类、职业类、称谓类、动物类等名词的考查。
（ ）1.（2020河北）In a restaurant， people usually choose food and drink from the .
A.book B.menu
C.newspaper D.magazine
（ ）2.（2020温州）Lucy's father works in No.1 Hospital.He is a .
A.teacher B.doctor
C.postman D.policeman
（ ）3.（2019河北）I like this song.It’s by one of my favorite_________.
A.singers B.dancers
C.painters D.writers
（ ）4.（2019武汉）—Dad，what is the loudspeaker saying？
—It is to the .The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A.customers B.passengers
C.members D.tourists
不同类名词词义辨析
不同类名词词义辨析的特点是所给选项的词汇为不同的话题类别。做这类试题，考生首先应分析各个选项的含义，然后结合句意及语境，找出关键词，最终选出正确答案。
（ ）1.（2018河北）Did you hear the ________ A scientist will visit our school.
A. advice B. news C. praise D. choice
（ ）2.（2020重庆B卷）I don't know how to make a speech in public.Can you give me some ？
water B.money C.food D.advice
（ ）3.（2020襄阳）—What's your brother's ？
— It's about 1.75 meters.He's the tallest in his class.
A.age B.address C.weight D.height
（ ）4.（2020江西）When you go rock climbing， you need to be careful so that you don't have a（n）_______.
A.chance B.accident
C.secret D.action
名词的数
一、1．可数名词的计量
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
单数可数名词前可以用a;an;one修饰,表示“一个”。
如：a ruler; an apple; one ball
注意：a 用于以辅音音素(指音标)开头的单数名词前；
an用于以元音音素(指音标)开头的单数名词前。
如：a story, an interesting story a red apple; an apple
a useful book; an unhappy boy
1. 可数名词的单数形式一般不能单独使用
可数名词的单数形式一般要在名词前加 “a \an或the”等词。
例题1：( ) A/An _________ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things.
A. actor B. scientist C. artist D. doctor
例题2：( )【2017南京】 —I go swimming every day.
—Wow! That’s a good . It keeps you healthy.
A. match B. task C. habit D. dream
2. 可数名词变复数
1). 一般情况，在词尾加 s： desk → desks pen → pens room → rooms
2). 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词在词尾加 es： box → boxes bus → buses
watch→ watches dish → dishes
3). 以 辅音字母＋y结尾的词先变y为i，再加 es： story → stories family → families
4). 以o结尾的名词在词尾s（有生命）/ es（没生命）：potato→ potatoes tomato → tomatoes hero → heroes photo → photos
5).以f或fe结尾的词先变f或fe为ve，再加 s： knife → knives leaf → leaves
3. 可数名词的不规则变化
单数形式 复数形式
man woman men women
tooth foot teeth feet
child mouse children mice
单数形式 复数形式
Chinese Japanese Chinese Japanese
Englishman Frenchman Englishmen Frenchmen
German American Germans Americans
Fish deer sheep 鱼鹿羊单复数同形
1.For breakfast, Tina would like some milk and (蛋糕).
2.We should brush our after getting up every morning.
A.tooth B. tooths C.toothes D. teeth
3._Hey, boys. Look at the fallen（落下来的） .
_Well, it’s telling us that autumn is coming.
A. leaf B. leafs C.leafes D. leaves
4.I’d like some and .
A. banana; tomato B bananas; tomatos
C. bananas; tomatoes D. banana; tomatoes
5.Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three and four .
A. Japanese; German B Japaneses; Germans
C. Japanese; Germans D. Japaneses; German
二、不可数名词
常见的不可数名词
物质类water, milk, tea, juice,meat, bread, beef
抽象类news, advice, time, fun,information, weather
不可数名词数的计量
量词：piece 片、glass 玻璃杯、bottle 瓶、kilo 千克、cup 杯、box 盒
不可数名词前加量词，量词可数
Few, little, a few, a little 的辨析
1.There is _____ milk in the bottle. I will buy some.
2.John has ______money and he can buy some things he wants.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
1.He has _______friends so he feels lonely.
2.He has _______friends and he often play with them.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
1. Please give me ______ paper.
A. one B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of
2. This table is made of_______.
A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass
3. —What can I do for you, sir —I'd like two_________.
A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks
C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks
4. We can do the work better with______money and ________ people.
A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few
名词的所有格
一、名词的所有格
's 所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词’s所有格的构成方法
1).一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”
*Kangkang’s father , Lucy’s book
2).以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”.
*Teachers’ office The Greens’ house
3).不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4).如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，
在最后一个名词后加-’s;
*Lucy and Lily’s parents
5).如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,
则在2个名词后都加-’s
*Lucy and Lily’s schoolbags
1. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjoy it very much.
A. Children B. Childrens’ C. Children’s D. Child
2. The two bedroom are the ____.
A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins
3. Lucy is ____ sister.
A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
4. It’s ____from our school to my home.
A. ten minutes’ walk B.ten minute’s walk
C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk
2. of 短语所有格
3. 双重所有格
1：He is a friend of my _________(brother ) .
Is she a daughter of __________(you)
2：( )【2017甘肃白银】Mr. Black is a teacher of______. She and her classmates like him very much.
A. my sister B. my sister’s C. my sisters D. my sisters’
3：( )【2017长沙】—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours
—No, it’s my ______. He left it there just now.
A.brother B. brother’s C. brothers’
直接中考
考点一
名词的词义辨析
[2020 贵州安顺]—Tara,what's your favorite __________
—Orange. Half of my dresses are orange.
A. fruit B. drink C. color
2.[2020贵州黔西南州]How much_______do we need to make a banana milk shake
A.bananas B. apples C.coffee D.milk
3.[2020 贵州铜仁]—To keep our city clean and beautiful, the_________ are always very busy in the street.
—They should be respected by all the people.
drivers B. postmen C. firemen D. cleaners
5.[2020江苏苏州]I don't care how many words there are in your article, but the________ of it really matters.
A. ability B. size C. quality D. energy
考点2 名词的数
1.[2020四川达州]—It's said that the two______ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
—Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their________.
A. woman; sixty B. women; sixtieth
C. women; sixties D. woman; sixties
2. [2020 四川凉山州]It's dangerous for us to give too much ________about ourselves or the Internet.
A. messages B. suggestions C. preparation D. information
3. [2020 重庆] Would you send me some_________ of yours I miss you very much!
A. magazines B. photos C. money D. advice
4. [2019四川自贡]-What else do we need to make cold beef
----__________.
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts
C. Two spoons of salt
1. (2019临沂)In America, 95% of pet owners think of their animals as family___________(member)．
2. (2019宿迁)It is reported that the number of working ________ (wife) is becoming larger and larger.
3. (2019淮安)Andrew often does DIY with different ________(knife) in his free time.
4. (2019武汉改编)Our hometown has left many soft and sweet ________ (memory)in our heart.
5. (2019武汉改编)They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good ________(wish)．
考点3 名词所有格
1.[2019 山东临沂]If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive a about 11.So it's about two_________ drive from my house to the airport.
A. hours' B. hour's C. hours
2. [2019江苏连云港]On April 24,Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the_________ 110-metehurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.
A. man B. men C.men's D.mens'
3.[2017甘肃天水]The online shop sells______ shoes at a very low price.
A. child and men's B. children and men's
C. children's and men D. children's and men's
4.(2020·江苏苏州)These a (艺术家) design won an international award.
5.My dream is to be a famous doctor and save p (病人) lives.中考词法系列之
——名词
学生课堂手稿student handout
答案及解析
名词的词义辨析
【答案】
B B A B
B D D B
名词的数
C C
cakes D D C C
inventions markets diaries characters
A B A B
D D C A
名词的所有格
C C D A
teacher’s minutes’ Mother’s child’s government's
brother’s yours B B
直击中考
词义辨析
C D D C
名词的数
C D B C
members wives knives memories wishes
名词的所有格
A C D artists’ patients’
