译林版（2020） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Food Matters Grammar and usage & composition 课件（33张）

(共33张PPT)
Unit1 Our living planet
Inversion
To identify the use of inversion;
To work out the rules of inversion;
To use inversion to finish the tasks of rewriting sentences and completing an article;
To write a journal entry using inversion.
Pay attention to the following sentences and recognize what is special about them.
Up the ladder climbed the little boy.
Down came the rain and up went the umbrella.
Outside the clinic were twenty patients.
Never before have I seen him.
Not only do I know her, but also I am here close friend.
Point Evidence How Example
Days are actually getting longer than they were in past. (1)______________ (2)______________________________________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________________________________________
(4)______________ (5)____________________________________ ___________________ ___________________ (6)_____________________________________________________________________________________
Read the article on page 6 and fill in the following table.
Ancient corals
Tidal records
Over 400 million years ago, an Earth year was 420 days long.
Calculating the number of days in a year with distinct growth patterns
Examining the daily, monthly and seasonal cycles of these tidal records
620 million years ago, the day was possibly 3 hours shorter than it is today.
Read the article again and find the sentences using inversion.
Seldom do we doubt that …
Under the oceans lies the hidden evidence …
Here is an example.
…, not only do scientists conclude that …
We sometimes change the usual subject-verb order in a statement to emphasize an idea, or to make the sentence structure more balanced.
We can use the inverted order when a sentence begins with:
an adverb like (1) _______, there or an adverbial phrase about a location;
a word with a negative meaning like never, (2) _______ and hardly;
a phrase like not only.
here
seldom
倒装
在英语中,主语和谓语倒置的语序称为倒装。倒装结构主要用于一些特定的语法结构中，使得句子更为平衡，或是用来强调句中的某个成分。全部谓语置于主语之前,称为完全倒装;谓语的一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前，称为部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装
完全倒装常用于下列情况:
(1)方位副词here、there、in、out、up、down、away，时间副词then 和 now 等置于句首，
且主语是名词。如:
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
In came the teacher.
Down came the water from the top of the mountain. 注:如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。如:Out they rushed.
1.The national flag went up.
Up went the national flag.
___________ the little boy from the tree, his leg broken.
2.小男孩从树上掉下来，摔断了腿。
改写成倒装句
Down fell
(2)表示地点的短语置于句首。如:
Beside the lake stands a tower.
改成倒装句
1.A stream with crystal-clear water runs in front of the village.
_______________________________________
2. 她坐在窗边，享受着温暖的阳光。
Beside the window _____ ,enjoying the warm sunshine.
1. In front of the village runs a stream with crystal-clear water.
2. sat she
(3)主系表结构中表语置于句首，且谓语动词是be动词。
如:
Present at the conference were young scientists from
around the world.
Seated in a ring on the ground were some teenagers, talking and laughing.
1. 附在申请表上的是我的近照。
__________ the application form ____ my recent picture.
1.Attached to is
2. 部分倒装
部分倒装常用于下列情况:
(1)“only +状语”置于句首。如:
Only by practice can we learn a language well.
(2) 具有否定意义的副词或短语，如little、never、neither、 nor、hardly、seldom、at no time、under no circumstances等，置于句首。如:
Little did he know that this mistake would have terrible consequences.
Never have I seen such wonderful paintings.
Hardly could I believe my eyes when I saw him.
At no time did I feel bored during the tour.
1.只有通过降低成本，公司才能保持优势。
Only by cutting down the cost ______ its advantage.
2.The generation gap can be bridged only with the joint efforts of parents and children. _____________________________
3.We seldom go out as a result of the pandemic.__________________________________.
1. will the company be able to keep
3. Seldom do we go out as a result of the pandemic.
2. Only with the joint efforts of parents and children can the generation gap be.
4. 即使受到胁迫，他也只字未说。
Not a single word ________, even when he was threatened.
5. 直到亲眼所见，他才相信那是真的。
Not until he saw it with his own eyes _______ it was true.
6. 直到老师进来，学生们才停止讲话。
Not until the teacher came in ______ stop talking.
4. did he say.
5. did he believe
6. did the students
(3)“not only ... but also ... ”连接并列句，not only置于句首
时，所在的分句要用倒装结构。如:
Not only does my mother go to work every day, but she
also devotes her time to helping in the community.
(4)“so ... that... ”结构中，“so+形容词或副词”置于句首。
如:
So rhythmic does the poem sound that I want to recite it.
So fast did he run that no one could catch up with him.
1.He not only refused the gift, but also severely criticized the sender.______________________________
2.那本小说是如此引人入胜，以至于她完全沉浸于其中。
So fascinating __________ she was completely lost in it.
1.Not only did he refuse the gift, but he also severely criticized the sender.
2. was the novel that
Rewrite the following sentences using inversion.
1. Light seldom reaches the thick forest floor.
___________________________________________________
2. Large amounts of earth and rock rolled down the mountain.
___________________________________________________
3. Snow never disappears on the top of this high mountain.
___________________________________________________
Seldom does light reach the thick forest floor.
Down the mountain rolled large amounts of earth and rock.
Never does snow disappear on the top of this high mountain.
B1
4. Most of the deserts in China lie in the north-west.
___________________________________________________
5. Different landforms not only appear on land, but they can
also be found under the oceans.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
In the north-west lie most of the deserts in China.
Not only do different landforms appear on land, but they can also be found under the oceans.
Below is another article from the science website about the changing lengths of days and plete it with the correct sentences in the box below. There is one sentence you do NOT need to use. Write the letters in the blanks.
B2
We know that some days just seem to be longer than others, especially when we are having a bad day. But did you know that scientists can now prove that days have actually been getting longer for many millions of years When dinosaurs wandered across the planet, days were only about 23 hours long.
(1) ___ Over 400 million years ago, it took the Earth 420 days to orbit the Sun. This was mainly because the Earth spun around its axis much faster than it does now. As predicted by some scientists, the Earth’s rotation will continue to slow down. (2) ___
a Arising out of the changing length of a day is the question how
this might affect human beings.
b Hardly can we imagine that a day might be 32 hours long!
c Not only were days shorter, but there were more days in a year.
d Only in this way can we find out why days are getting longer.
e So powerful are some earthquakes that they are believed to
alter the Earth’s mass.
c
b
You may wonder how this comes about. The answer has to do with the relationship between the Earth and the Moon. It seems that the Moon is very successful at slowing the Earth down by exercising its gravitational force. As they are slowly growing further apart, the speed of the Earth’s rotation decreases and days continue to become increasingly longer. Interestingly, earthquakes may also contribute to the changing length of a day. (3) ___ This makes the planet spin
a Arising out of the changing length of a day is the question how
this might affect human beings.
d Only in this way can we find out why days are getting longer.
e So powerful are some earthquakes that they are believed to
alter the Earth’s mass.
e
faster and consequently shortens the day. The 2011 earthquake in Japan, for instance, may have shortened an Earth day by 1.8 microseconds.
(4) ___ A longer day makes us wonder what we are going to do with this extra time. Could it mean that we will be able to sleep longer or that we will have to spend more time in school
a Arising out of the changing length of a day is the question how
this might affect human beings.
d Only in this way can we find out why days are getting longer.
a
(1) How long did it take the Earth to orbit the Sun over 400
million years ago Why
(2) How do you explain that a day might be 32 hours long
Read the article again, then answer the questions.
420 days. This was mainly because the Earth spun around its axis much faster than it does now.
The Moon can slow the Earth down by exercising its gravitational force. As the Moon and the Earth are slowly growing further apart, the speed of the Earth’s rotation decreases and days continue to become increasingly longer.
(3) What is the purpose of mentioning the 2011 earthquake in
Japan
To prove that earthquakes can alter the Earth’s mass, thus making the planet spin faster and shortening the day.
Hardly could I imagine that I would have a whole 48-hour day ahead of me! What will I do with the extra time Seldom does this opportunity come along, so I am going to make good use of it. I will have a nice game of badminton with my best friend, and we will also have a relaxing picnic in the quiet new park just outside the city. After an 8-hour school day, not only will we need
Suppose there were 48 hours in a day in the future. Write a journal entry about how you would like to spend the day using inversion.
B3
the exercise, but we will also want a break from the busy city life. My plan is to play badminton for an hour, then eat our food and enjoy nature around us for as long as we want. As night-time arrives, we will go back to the city and I am going to have a nice dinner with my parents. Later, I think I will have a 12-hour-long sleep. What a great 48-hour day! So excited am I at the plan that I do not think I will fall asleep tonight!
lay down 积存；放下；停止使用
e.g. They laid down provisions for the voyage．
他们贮备粮食以备航行之用。
Please lay down the watch gently．
请把手表轻轻放下。
He wanted to lay down his duties.
他想停止履行指责。
Similarly, tidal records laid down in ancient river mouths also reveal different lengths of days and years in the past.
同样地，积存于古河口的潮汐记录也揭示了过去不同的日和年长。
含有lay的短语：
lay off 裁员，解雇；停止（干某事）。
lay out 设计（楼房、城市、花园等），布局，编排；
花费，使用；铺开，摆开，展开。
lay up 储存；放置不用；使病倒。
【语境应用】选用以上合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。
1) I was ________ for six weeks with a very serious illness.
2) I’ve had to ________ almost a hundred pounds this year on
repairing my house.
3) Millions of people have been ________ in the steel industry.
4) I think you’d better ________ alcohol for a while.
laid up
lay out
lay off
lay off
Review the grammar of inversion.
Polish up your journal entry.