DRABC Procedure Guide
急救是为了维持生命、防止伤病恶化、促进伤病恢复。掌握“DRABC” 这种简单又高效的急救方式，对于当事人和现场施救人员来说尤为重要。那么，这五个字母，分别代表什么意思呢？
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until paramedics arrive.
DRABC in first aid is an action plan detailing key steps for giving urgent assistance. It stands for danger, response, airway (气道), breathing and circulation (血液循环). Most people complete the basic DRABC procedure in the order that follows:
Step 1 Danger
Assess the overall danger of the situation and make sure that the victim and everyone in the area are safe. Do not put yourself or others at risk.
Step 2 Response
Check if the victim can respond. Gently shake their shoulders and ask some questions to see if you can get a response.
●If the victim opens their eyes, or gives another gesture, they are responsive.
●If they do not respond to you in any way, they are unresponsive and should be treated as quickly as possible.
Step 3 Airway
Check whether their mouth and throat are clear.
●If there are obstructions, roll the victim on their side and clear the airway.
●If there is no obstruction, leave them in the position you find them and open the airway by placing one hand on the forehead and using two fingers from the other hand to lift the chin.
Step 4 Breathing
When the airway is open, look out for any signs of normal breathing for 10 seconds.
●If they are unresponsive and not breathing, you need to call 120 for emergency help.
●If they are responsive and breathing, move on to circulation.
Step 5 Circulation
Once you have established they are breathing, check for any signs of severe bleeding.
●If they are bleeding severely, don’t panic. Try to control and treat the bleeding by applying direct pressure to the wound. Call 120 for emergency help.
●If they are unresponsive and breathing but with no bleeding, put them in the recovery position and wait for the ambulance alongside the victim.
Notes:
forehead n. the part of the face above the eyes and below the hairFirst aid for poisoning
生活中会出现多种中毒现象，迅速辨别原因，采取准确的急救措施极为重要。
Injury or death due to inhaling ( 吸入), swallowing, or injecting various drugs or chemicals is known as poisoning.
Victims of unintentional poisoning are often children, mostly between the ages of 3 and 6. They are highly curious and tend to put anything in their mouths. Everyone should be educated on how to manage a case of poisoning, and first-aid knowledge is very important in such cases.
Here are some important first-aid tips for different types of poisoning. Take the following actions till emergency medical help arrives.
● In case of skin poisoning, remove any contaminated (污染的) cloth using gloves. Wash the skin for at least 15 minutes with water at room temperature.
● If there is poison in the eye, flush (冲洗) the eye with water for 15 minutes or until help arrives. Do not use eye drops.
● If case is of inhaled poison, bring the person out into the fresh air as soon as possible.
● Never try to rescue a person from where highly toxic gas is present, without breathing equipment. You might end up being a victim yourself.
● In case of bites, serious allergic ( 过敏的) reactions may appear. Symptoms such as swelling of the face, lips, and tongue, can be life-threatening and require immediate medical care.
● If the person is vomiting, turn the head sideways to avoid choking.
● Start CPR if the person shows no signs of life, i. e. if the person is not breathing, moving, or coughing.
● Gather as much information as possible and give it to the ambulance team, as it will be helpful in their treatment.
If you know the person has taken in poison, call the poison information center even if the person is not showing any signs of discomfort or any symptoms of poisoning.How to teach basic first aid to kids
语篇导读：本文带你了解如何教授儿童基本的急救知识和技能。
Children can learn basic first aid and successfully use the skills to care for themselves or others. The skills teachers can cover in a first aid unit may include things like treatment of wounds or providing CPR (心肺复苏). Here are some suggestions.
Describe basic first aid skills and the importance of knowing them. Allow students to discuss the skills in small groups.
Watch videos that show first aid skills like wound cleaning and bandaging, direct pressure to stop bleeding and CPR. You might invite a nurse, firefighter or first responder to speak to the class about first aid and CPR use. Allow the students to ask questions in order to improve their understanding of first aid and CPR skills.
Explore the contents of a first aid kit (工具箱). Describe each item and explain its purpose. Invite the students to handle the items and use them to practice first aid. Provide the students with a list of supplies and invite them to create a first aid kit for their home.
Provide each student with a copy of a basic first aid guide. Invite students to create posters that explain basic first aid skills and reminders. Allow the students to show the material in the classroom and share it with other classes or students.
Take a field trip to a local hospital emergency room. Allow the students to observe how medical professionals handle emergencies. Make a list of the kinds of incidents that send the patients in for treatment.
Discuss safety tips and accident prevention information that may remove the need for a trip to the emergency room. Make a list of activities that students should avoid as unsafe.
Discuss activities that should be done with safety measures like wearing helmets (头盔) when riding a bicycle or motorcycle. Create a list of safety tips students can use to reduce the need for first aid.
From: https://World First Aid Day
语篇导读： 通过世界急救日，红十字会呼吁人们学习并掌握急救技能，以便每个人都能成为生命的守护者。
September 12, 2020, is World First Aid Day, a yearly campaign to stress the importance of first aid training in preventing injuries and saving lives.
Recent research carried out by the Red Cross shows that nearly 40 per cent of Canadians say they have been in an emergency where they have had to perform first aid; however, only 18 per cent are certified (有合格证书的). This World First Aid Day, the Canadian Red Cross is calling on all Canadians to make sure they have the skills needed to save lives when an emergency happens.
First aid training provides more than the knowledge and skills to respond — it also provides the confidence to act when needed. Red Cross First Aid offers a wide variety of first aid and CPR (心肺复苏) training courses, allowing Canadians to act on, prevent, and manage life's emergencies.
The official Canadian Red Cross First Aid app puts life-saving advice in your hands. Available (可获得的) for Apple and Android mobile phones, the app helps you improve your first aid skills and respond to everyday emergencies. By downloading the app on your smartphone, you can get videos and simple step-by-step advice to help you improve your life-saving skills and respond when needed. Download the app to keep life-saving help in your hands.
If you witnessed a family member in cardiac arrest (心脏停搏), would you know what to do Although the majority of Canadians say they would recognise the signs if someone were experiencing a heart attack or another cardiac emergency, fewer than half say they have the skills to help in this common and life-threatening emergency.
November is CPR Month and the Canadian Red Cross encourages everyone to get the training they need to help save a life.
From: https://www.redcross.ca
