Unit 6 When was it invented? Section B 知识讲解和同步练习 （word版，无答案）

Unit 6 When was it invented
【自学检测】 SectionB 单词、短语翻译
1.be brought to _____________
2.be used for _____________
3.be invented by _____________
4.at a low price _____________
5.stole sth from ... _____________
6.建议某人不做某事 _____________
7.be invited to... ______________
8.违反规则 _____________
9.少于 _____________
10.全世界 ______________
【知识讲解】Grammar Foucs 一般过去时的被动语态
1.概念：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，主语是动作的承受者。
2.谓语动词基本结构：was/were done
eg: His desk was cleaned (by Tom) just now.
3.句型结构：
①肯定句：主语＋was/were＋vt.(过去分词)＋其他．
②否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋vt.(过去分词)＋其他．
③一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋vt.(过去分词)＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语＋was/were.
否定回答：No，主语＋was/were＋not.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词过去分词+其他？
3.注意事项
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组均不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的动词，如：last、hold、 benefit. fit. join、mean、look like 等不能用被动语态。
(3)表示归属的动词或短语，如 have、own, belong to等不能用被动语态。
(4)表示“希望;意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love 等不能用被动语态。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词时，谓语动词不用被动语态。
(7)有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的此类动词有 sell 、write、wash、open、 lock 等。
(8)有些使担动词和感官动词叉其构成的短语，如make、see、hear、watch、notice、feel、observe
listen to、look at 等，在主动结构中跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，应加上to。
eg: We heard him say goodbye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。
eg: He was heard to say goodbye to his friends.
【小试牛刀】
[湖北恩施州中考〕In old days, the poor_______ for the boss for over 18 hours a day.
A. was made to be worked B. were made work C. were made to work
【解析】"the ＋形容词”表示复数概念，故be 动词的过去式用 were;make 用于被动语态时，其后的不定式的to 不可以省略。
【答案】C
一、按要求完成句子。
1. You brought your English book to school yesterday. (改为被动语态)
____________________________________________________
Your bag was put here. (改为否定句)
____________________________________________________
Peter was allowed to take the test. (改为一般疑问句)
____________________________________________________
Children were allowed to do whatever they liked. (改为否定句)
____________________________________________________
Who did you ask to volunteer at your local school (改为被动语态)
____________________________________________________
6．We bought a piano last term.(改为被动语态)
____________________________________________________
7．Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.(改为一般疑问句)
____________________________________________________
8．The books were written by Mr. Li many years ago.(改为否定句)
____________________________________________________
9．Their homework was handed in yesterday．(对画线部分提问)
____________________________________________________
10．He lent me a bike.(改为被动语态)
____________________________.
【自学检测】 Section B 1a-2b 翻译下面的短语。
It's believed (that)…_________ 2. divide…into___________
at the same time ___________ 4.stop … from doing ___________
5. dream of ________________ 6. look up to _____________
7. achieve one’s dream ______________ 8. encourage sb. to do sth. _______________
【知识讲解】阅读理解：Do you know when basketball was invented
end的用法
①in the end不能与of连用，可放在句首，也可放在句末。
②at the end of...后接地点名词，表示“在……的尽头”；后接时间名词，表示“在……结束时”。
eg：at the end of the road/month在这条路/这个月的尽头
③by the end of意为“在……以前，到……为止”，常与将来时态或过去完成时态连用。
eg：By the end of last month，we had learnt over ten English songs.到上个月底为止，我们已经学会了十多首英文歌曲。
enough的用法
①作形容词，意为“足够的；充分的”，enough+n；
②作副词，意为“足够地；充分地”，adj/adv+enough。
stop的用法
stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.该短语意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，介词from可以省略。
【拓展】keep sb. from doing sth. = prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事
4.【原句】Different writers translated the book into different languages.
【讲解】translate 作动词，意为“翻译”。
①translate…. into... 把......译为
②tanslate. for sb. 为某人翻译…
eg: The novel doesn’t translate easily.
eg: I can road Spanish but I can t translate English inot it.
eg: Could you translate the story for me
【拓展】translate 可以变为两种名词形式： translator 翻译(者）译员 translation 翻译，译文
eg: The translator translated the article into a Chinese translation.
5.【原句】The earthquake happened all of a sudden. 地震突然发生......
【讲解】sudden 作形容词，意为“突然(的)"，指事先未料到、无准备而迅速发生的。
all of a sudden 突然;猛地
eg: The famous person's death was sudden.
【拓展】sudden 的副词形式 为suddenly，意为“突然地”。
6.【原句】Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake 你知道薯片是无意中发明的吗？
【辨识】by accident 意为“偶然，意外地”,表示有客观原因引起的意外，强调偶然性。
by mistake 意为“错误地，无意中”表示由主观原因引起的意外，强调无意识犯错。
7.【原句】 Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his
new game. 奈史密斯医生把他班里的人分成两队并教他们玩他的新游戏。
【讲解】divide 作动词，意为“分开;分散”，指把茎体分成若干部分。
【拓展】
divide动词，意为“分开；分散”。
常用短语：divide...into...意为“把……分为……”，表示把一个整体分为若干部分。其被动语态为be divided into...意为“被分成……”。
separate 动词，使分离，分开。
常见短语：separate.....from...... 意为：把....和....分开，表示把两个或以上本不是一体的东西分开。
eg: The textbook is divided into 14 units.
eg: Let's divide ourselves into several groups.
eg: The class is divided into a few groups.
8.【原句】The number of foreign players,including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased.
美国俗球协会中的外国球员数景有所增加，其中也包括中国球员。
【辦析】the number of 与a number of 的用法区别
①the number of...意为“…的数量/数目,用法：与名词或代词一起构成主语时，谓语动词
般用第三人称单数形式。
②a number of... 意为“许多;若干”，相当于many，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
eg: The number of students is about twenty in the painting club. 绘画俱乐部的学生大约有20人。
eg: A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 我的许多朋友认为我应该休假。
【巩固练习】
一、根据句意及首字母提示填写单词。
1 Because of the wet weather, these biscuits are not c__________.
2.[2022 山西太原调研.改编]The heat turned the milk s____________.
3. Don't put too much salt in the dish, or it will be s___________.
4. It is wrong to sell bad food to c_________.
5. Jack's father is a c_________ in that western-style restaurant.
1. Danny met a famous astronaut who was the first ___________（加拿大的）astronaut in space.
2.[2021 四川南充中考.改编]Atfor studsing in a medical school for 5 years, Tina can give ________
（专业的）treatment to her patients .
3. The old lady went to the market, holding a _______（篮子）in her hand.
4. We regard him as a national h__________ because he devoted himself to our nation.
5.[2022山西太原质检 改编] Young players who competed at the O___________Games were the brightest stars.
二、单项选择。
( )1．She ____ to give a talk about how to save water yesterday.
A．invite　 　B．invited　　 C．is invited　 D．was invited
( )2．Everybody ____ deeply after they heard the story.
A．moves B．moved C．is moved D．was moved
( )3.My little sister isn't ________ to look after herself.(易错题)
A．young enough B．enough young C．old enough D．enough old
( )4.The potato chips have been in the paper bag for half an hour.They are not ____ any more.
A．crispy B．sweet C．salty D．sour
( )5.Please give this book to a boy ________ Zhang Ming.
A．call B．called C．calling D．to call
( )6.A year has four seasons and it ________ twelve different star signs.
divides into B．is dividing into C．divided into D．is divided into
( )7The ______ of social media apps like Douyin among the teenagers makes their parents
worried. So there is a new teen mode（青少年模式） in theae apps now.
A. suggestion B. population C. popularity
( )8. Many cities in China, ________ Beijing,have been deeply affected by dirty air.
A. including B. behind C. without
( )9. The machine was invented by a person ________ Mike Smith.
A. is named B. naming C. named
( )10. Although he's ______seventy, he can still play tennis with the best players.
A. really B. nearly C.hardly
( )11. Dreams are beautiful. However, it always takes people a lot of time and work to ____them.
A. avoid B. afford C. achieve
( )12.Listening to someone will _______make them feel they are valuable _______ make you know better what they are going through.
A. not only; but also B. neither; nor C. both; or
三、根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。
1. 人们怎么想就会怎么说，你阻止不了。
You can’t ________ people ________ ________ what they think.
2. 她误把盐放进茶里了。
She put salt into her tea ________ ________.
3. 如果你坚持工作，最终你会成功的。
If you keep working, you will succeed ________ ________ ________.
4. 同时，我还在学习钢琴。
________ ________ ________ ________, I’m learning the piano.
5. 史密斯先生执教多年，他的学生都非常钦佩他。
Mr. Smith has taught for many years, and all his students ________ ________ ________ him.
【专题讲解】
请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,在横线上填入与文章意思最符合的内容。每空一词。
A young man traveled by train. As it was running across a wild land, the passenger looked out of windows.
When the train came near a turning. it slowed down and then a simple house came into view. It was the only house that the passengers saw on such a long journey. Everybody on the train admired it with eyes wide open. Some passengers even began a discussion about it.
The young man was also impressed by the scene. On his return. he got off the train at the nearest station from the house and found his way there. Its owner told him he was troubled by the noise of the trains and that he wanted to sell the house but nobody would buy it.
Soon the young man paid 30 000 dollars for the house, thinking it a wonderful place for advertisement.It faced the railway turning, where the train had to slow down and the bored passengers would cast(看…一眼) a look at the house to refresh their minds.
The young man tried to contact(联系) big companies and make them realize the place was perfect for advertisement. Finally the Coca-Cola Company put up an advertisement on the house. The young man got 180.000 dollars for three years’ rent.
Good chances always hide somewhere around us, waiting for those who are careful and smart enough to find them.
Where the railway turns
Introduction A simple house It was the only one that the passengers saw on a long journey.
The persons The passengers Everybody thought highly of it with eyes wide open. Some passengers even 1._________it.
The owner He was troubled by the noise of the trains. He wanted to sell the house but 2._________ would buy it.
The young man He got off the t rain and found his way there. The house 3._______ him 30000 dollars. He rented the house to the Coca-Cola company for its 4.______.
Conclusion Good chances always hide somewhere around us, waiting for those who are 5.________and smart enough to find them.
1.__________ 2._________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.___________
【巩固练习】
请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,在横线上填入与文章意思最符合的内容。每空一词。
How to make your studies better We often see top students around us and everyone knows about them. Let us take Jenny as an example. She is the monitor of our class. She spends a lot of time working for our class. But she still gets good grades in all subjects. How do students like Jenny do that When I asked her, she said, "Hard work is not the whole story. It's not how long you sit at the desk with your books open. It's what you do while you are sitting. In fact, we can see many top students spend fewer hours on their studies than their classmates. Jenny gave me some valuable suggestions.
If your math teacher gives you five problems, you should do six. If your Chinese teacher gives eight pages of reading, you should read nine. The more you practice, the more you learn.
Studying is a matter of your own interest, so choose the way that suits you. Some people like working at night when the house is quiet, while others like doing their work early in the morning. Still others like studying as soon as they arrive home from school while the work is fresh in their minds. No matter which way suits you, try to do your best.
Studying is your business and the business should not come after entertainment. When you are studying, phone calls should go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks given up. Studying is the only thing in your mind. Nothing can pull your attention away from what you are studying.Studying is like eating. You should eat a little at a time. You can plan what to do today, but don’t do too much. When you cant finish the work you planned to do, you will feel stressed and may lose confidence. On the other hand, you will not study well without a good plan. It all depends on how you manage your time.
The students who hand in a clearly written paper are already half way to get an A. Tidy papers are likely to get higher marks than messy(凌乱的)ones.
When you write clearly and do your work carefully, the thoughts in your mind are clear. You are able to make fewer mistakes.
How to improve your studies
Do more than you are asked Do more than what your teacher asks you to do because more 1.__________makes you learn more.
2.__________suitable ways Some people like working on a quiet night. Others like doing their work early in the morning. Some people like studying their lessons as soon as they arrive home from school.
Put studying 3.________ entertainment . Pay attention to what you are studying.
Plan your time well When you can't finish your planned task, you will feel stressed and become less 4.__________. You will study well with a good plan.
Keep your papers tidy Papers written 5.__________ are more likely to get higher marks than messy ones.
1.__________ 2._________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.___________