(共56张PPT)
Module 12
Module 12
Save our world
Unit 3
Language in use
To summarise and consolidate the rules of word building.
Reuse means “_________”.
Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think it’s hopeless.
use again
Can you list more compound words
one new compound word
one word
one word
+
Do you know the meanings of these words
Observe the following sentences carefully. And pay attention to the words in red.
1. Reuse means “use again”.
2. Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think it’s hopeless.
3. If the rivers are polluted, farmers can’t use the water for their crops.
4. If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.
5. We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment.
6. Do not waste things.
7. Repeat these three words daily: reduce, reuse and recycle.
8. Before you buy something new, think whether it is really necessary because maybe old one is just as good!
9. …but let’s take these simple steps today so that we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
1. 合成法
将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法叫做合成法。合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等。例如：afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, sportsperson, newspaper, airplane,
构词法
classmate, grandfather等就是通过合成构词法构成的名词；
kind-hearted, middle-aged, hard-working 等为合成形容词；
however, maybe, himself, everyone, nothing, overlook等也都是通过合成法构成的单词。
2. 派生法
通过在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。
要通过派生法理解和记忆单词, 要掌握常见的前缀和后缀及派生规律。
1) 常见前缀
前缀 含义 例词
dis- 不 disagree, dislike
en- 使……处于某种状态 enable, enrich
im-, in- 不 impossible, impatient, inexpensive
inter- 在……之间, 相互 international, interconnect
前缀 含义 例词
mis- 错误地 mislead, misunderstand
non- 不, 非 non-smoker, non-native
re- 再, 重复 rewrite, retell
un- 不 unable, unhappy, unpopular
2) 常见后缀
后缀 功能 例词
-er, -or 构成名词 teacher, worker, visitor
-ian musician
-ing building, painting, shopping, meaning
-ist artist, scientist
后缀 功能 例词
-ment 构成名词 agreement, government
-ness coldness, happiness, illness
-th truth, warmth
-tion competition, education, information, invitation
-ty activity, safety
后缀 功能 例词
-able, -ible 构成形容词 comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, possible,
-al environmental, international, national, traditional
-ful careful, helpful, useful
-ive active, expensive
-less careless, helpless, homeless, useless
后缀 功能 例词
-ly 构成 形容词 friendly, lovely, monthly, weekly
-ous dangerous, famous
-teen 构成数词 eighteen, fifteen, seventeen
-th fifteenth, fifth, fortieth, seventh
-ty forty, sixty, twenty
-ly 构成副词 badly, carefully, carelessly, happily, quickly
3) 派生规律
由一个词根加上相应的词缀可以派生出名词、形容词、副词等，掌握派生规律对扩充词汇有很大帮助。例如：
interest 可以派生出：
uninteresting
interest — interesting — interestingly
interested — uninterested
help 可以派生出：
helpless — helplessly
help — helpful — helpfully
able 可以派生出：
enable
able unable
ability
disable
3. 转化法
构词法中把一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法称作转化法。常见的转化有：
1) 动词转化为名词
— Let’s talk about it more.
咱们再谈谈这件事吧。
— I think we’d better finish the talk now.
我想我们最好现在结束谈话。
2) 名词转化为动词
She gave me a cup of water.
她给了我一杯水。
You should water the flowers twice a day.
你应该每天给这些花浇两次水。
3) 形容词转化为名词
She was wearing a black dress.
她穿着一条黑色的裙子。
The girl in black looks very beautiful.
那个穿黑衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。
Make new words. Join the parts of words in Box A with the words in Box B. You need to use some of the parts more than once.
A –able -ful im- -less re- un-
B care collect hope possible use usual wanted waste
collectable, usable, careful, hopeful, useful, wasteful, impossible, careless, hopeless, useless, reuse, unusual, unwanted
Play the guessing game English for Fun.
English for Fun
full of care ____________
2. can be collected ____________
3. full of hope ____________
4. without any hope ____________
5. not possible ____________
careful
collectable
hopeful
hopeless
impossible
6. not usual ____________
7. without any use ____________
8. use again ____________
9. not wanted ____________
10. making a lot of waste ____________
unusual
useless
reuse
unwanted
wasteful
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
hopeful impossible reuse unhealthy wasteful
Polluted water is ____________.
2. It is _________ to throw so much food away.
3. If you look after things well, you may ________ some of them later.
4. It is ___________ to clean up the whole river in such a short time.
5. If we pay attention to pollution now, the future will be _________.
unhealthy
wasteful
reuse
impossible
hopeful
Complete the table.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
useful/useless
hope hopefully/ hopelessly
pollution —
water — —
waste
— — usually/
unusually
use
use
usefully/uselessly
hope
hopeful/hopeless
pollute
polluted/unpolluted
water
waste
wasteful/wasted
wastefully
usual/
unusual
3. Do not use so much water. It is very _________.
4. To keep the flowers growing, you need to _______ them once a day.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
She was hopeful that her new job would make her more successful.
The factory ________ the river, and the fish died.
2. We often walk in the countryside. It is a(n) ________ activity for us.
polluted
usual
wasteful
water
Complete the sentences.
A lunchbox is a box that you keep your lunch in.
A _________ is a card that you write on one side of and send to someone by post.
2. A _________ is a room where you have classes at school.
postcard
classroom
3. A __________ is a book that has one or more stories for children.
4. A ____________ is a black board that is used at school for writing on with chalk.
storybook
blackboard
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
What kinds of things can be recycled
old clothes
old mops
envelopes,
old notebooks, boxes,
paper cups
bottles,
jars,
broken drinking glasses
2. How can these things be reused
Recycled paper can be used for notebooks, tickets or writing paper.
…
3. How does this help the environment
4. Have you ever recycled or used things that can be recycled How
Complete the conversation with the correct form of the expressions in the box.
be good for throw away turn off worry about
Mike: I hear you are off to the Caribbean for a holiday! Lucky you! But aren’t you (1) ______________ the pollution that such long plane journey may cause for the environment
Ken: I know, but what can I do about it I’ve already tried my best to protect the environment. I
worried about
recycle. I don’t (2) ____________ things if I don’t want them any more. I (3) _________ the lights when I leave a room. Don’t tell me I shouldn’t travel by plane any more!
throw away
turn off
be good for throw away turn off worry about
Mike: No, of course not. But we can do more to protect the environment. For example, we can help keep the air clean by planting trees. Trees (4) ___________ the environment. In this way, we can reduce the harm of pollution.
are good for
Ken: Good! So I can enjoy my holiday, and when I come back, I’ll plant some trees!
Mike: That’s the idea! Maybe we can all join in and start a small forest!
Listen and check (√) the true sentences.
1. It is OK to throw used things away. Looking after them takes a lot of time.
2. Do not throw away things made of glass, plastic and paper, but recycle them when possible.
3. Take a bag when you go shopping.
√
√
4. Producing electricity and using oil will not cause pollution.
5. Turn off lights when you do not need them.
6. Ride a bike or walk, and do not often drive your car.
√
√
Listen again and complete the table.
Advice Reasons
1. Don’t throw away things made of _________________ ______, but _______ them. Throwing things away is wasteful.
2. _______ your plastic bags when you can and __________ with you when you go shopping. Plastic bags __________ recycle.
glass, plastic and
paper
recycle
Reuse
take a bag
are hard to
Advice Reasons
3. Use less electricity and oil to _______________. 4. Don’t leave lights on and _______________. 5. ____________ and do not often drive your car. Producing electricity and using oil may cause _________.
reduce pollution
waste electricity
Walk or cycle
pollution
Earth Hour
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. When is Earth Hour held each year
Earth Hour is held toward the end of March each year.
2. Why do people switch off the lights during Earth Hour
They do this to show their awareness of climate change.
3. Which city take part in the event today
More and more cities are taking part in the event, such as Beijing, London, Rome and New York.
Work in groups. Decide what kind of pollution you want to talk about.
Discussing what you can do about pollution
Choose a subject that you care about the most. It could be water pollution, air pollution, etc.
Find out more information about your subject. Look it up on a website or in a book.
water pollution
air pollution
noise pollution
Discuss your subject.
Take turns to say what you think about the problem and what can be done.
Listen to what others say. If you agree with what they have said, say “I agree”. “That’s true” or “That’s a good point”; if you do not agree with what someone says, say “I’m sorry, but I don’t agree. I think that …”
Present your group’s ideas to the whole class.
I. 根据语境用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. —You won't go to the party
—Oh, you ______________(understand) me. I didn't mean that.
2. We should pay more attention to our _______(safe) when we play by the seaside.
misunderstood
safety
3. The old man needs an __________(operate) at once.
4. It's ___________(relax) to lie in bed and listen to some light music.
5. Tom failed in the exam because of his ___________ (care).
carelessness
operation
relaxing
II. 写出下列句子的同义句。
1. Too much chocolate harms your teeth.
Too much chocolate is harmful to your teeth.
2. Everything is possible if you try your best.
Nothing is impossible if you try your best.
3. The little girl isn't able to swim in the sea.
The little girl is unable to swim in the sea.
4. There was a flood because it rained heavily.
There was a flood because of the heavy rain.
5. It's too dark to see anything in the room.
It's so dark that I can see nothing in the room. / It's so dark that I can't see anything in the room.
III. 根据材料内容, 从方框中选择恰当的单词填空, 使材料意思完整、通顺, 有的需要变换形式, 每个词语限用一次。
throw, sell, decide, two, reduce,
against, health, little, change, careful
People sometimes produce too much waste, and it pollutes our environment greatly. Our (1)_________ on what to do with the waste affect the environment a lot. No matter what scientists say about moving to Mars, the earth is the only planet that we can live on. So we have to protect it (2)_________ pollution.
decisions
against
In order to build a (3)_________ environment, please remember the three Rs.
The first R is to reduce waste. The most effective (有效的) way (4)_________ waste is not to produce it in the first place. If there is (5)_______ waste, then there is less pollution. Before you buy something, think it (6)_______ whether it is needed or friendly to the environment.
throw, sell, decide, two, reduce,
against, health, little, change, careful
to reduce
healthy
carefully
less
The second R is to reuse things. Instead of (7)_________ them away, why don't you use them again
And finally, it is to recycle. Through recycling the waste things (8)____________ into new ones. They are given a (9)_______ life. I've recently cleared out my wardrobe (衣柜) and (10)_______ some clothes that I no longer like. The money from selling them goes towards helping people in poor areas, so it's a win-win for all.
throw, sell, decide, two, reduce,
against, health, little, change, careful
sold
throwing
are changed
second
假如下周英语角活动的主题是How to protect the environment，请你根据下面表格里的提示内容写一篇80词左右的英语短文，为英语角活动做准备。
个人 政府
1. 步行或坐公交车出行 2. 自带购物袋购物 3. 少用空调(air conditioner) 1. 鼓励人们热爱环境
2. 阻止工厂的污染
3. 阻止河流被污染
