人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 The History and Traditions Vocabulary 课件(56张ppt)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 The History and Traditions Vocabulary 课件(56张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-05 18:14:55 | ||
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(共56张PPT)
Unit 4 Vocabulary
Learning Objectives
01.
Be able to grasp the usage of new words in Unit 4
02.
Be able to read words correctly and quickly in Unit 4;
第一版块|核心单词和短语
1．individual
adj.单独的；个别的
n．个人
individually adv.分别地；各自地
(教材P39)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.习语是一种表达方式，它的意思不同于单个词的意思。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①__________ (individual) or groups may enter one of the following categories.
②Snacks outside of mealtimes may be bought
by the student __________ (individual)．
Individuals
individually
2.Achilles' heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
pull sb.'s leg 同某人开玩笑
fly off the handle 大发雷霆
over the moon 欣喜若狂
be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
be child's play 极容易做；轻而易举
an early bird 早起的鸟
Adam's Achilles' heel is that he is not confident.亚当的致命弱点是他不自信。
I'm sorry I accidentally spilled your tea, but there's no need to fly off the handle.
对不起，我不小心打翻了你的茶水，不过也不必大发脾气。
His performance was so funny that we laughed our heads off.
他的表演太滑稽了，我们笑得前仰后合。
—Do you want to know what he said？你想知道他说什么了吗？
—Go on—I'm all ears.讲吧，我洗耳恭听。
The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃/捷足先登。
归纳拓展：
laugh one's head(s) off 大笑不止，狂笑不已
(a) fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
last straw救命稻草
a wet blanket扫兴的人
a lucky dog幸运儿
a tough nut难对付的人
green fingers园艺技能
即学即练 完成句子
①“杰克还是不由自主地担心自己的工作面试。”“恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。”
—Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self－confidence is his ________________， I am afraid.
②你说真的，还是逗我玩的？
Are you for real, or are you just ________________？
③被一群陌生人围着，她感到很不自在。
Surrounded by a crowd of strangers, she felt like a ________________.
Achilles' heel
pulling my leg
fish out of water
第一版块|核心单词
3.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
(教材P40)According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country？根据课文，学习一个国家的历史的两个主要优点是什么？
the chief engineer 总工程师
the chief architect 总建筑师
Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业——该市目前人口为762人。
词语拓展：
an editor－in－chief→editors－in－chief 总编辑
a sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹
a brother-in-law→brothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫
a grown-up→grown-ups成年人
即学即练 单句语法填空
①She is the ________ (总监) of the sales department.
②He is the ________ (主任) of the English department.
③She is the ______________ (主编) of the magazine.
④Product quality is our ________ (主要的) concern.
⑤Rice is the ________ (主要的) crop in this area.
chief
chief
editor－in－chief
chief
chief
2. puzzle
n．谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt.迷惑；使困惑
(教材P40)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
n. in a puzzle
He was in a puzzle about what to do next.
下一步要做什么，他感到困惑不解。
词语积累：
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的
－ed形容词常说明人；或修饰人的表情、声音等；
－ing形容词常说明事物的性质
She felt puzzled.
她感到困惑的
This is a puzzling question.
这是一个让人困惑的问题。
5.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近(没有比较等级)
(教材P40)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.在16世纪，邻国威尔士加入了英格兰王国。
live nearby 住在附近
a nearby town 附近的一个城镇
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.
留了张纸条让失主知道钱包是完好无损的之后，他把钱包送到附近的警察局。
They were seen as nearly worthless.它们被认为几乎是没有价值的。
知识拓展：
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆
易错词比较：
nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近(表程度)
near adj.近的，接近的 adv.在附近 prep.在……附近
即学即练 用near, nearby, nearly完成句子
①She bought some fruit at a ________ store.
②As spring ________， the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
③It's easy to find him. He lives ________.
④As I got up late, I ________ missed train.
⑤________ 200 people attended the meeting.
⑥I live ________ the station, so I can catch the early bus easily.
nearby
nears
nearby
nearly
Nearly
near
3．defence n．防御；保卫
defend v．防御，保护；辩解，辩护
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护
Soldiers died in defence of their country.
战士为保卫祖国而献身.
词语积累：
defend...from/against...保护……免受……
defend oneself against...为自己辩护
The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.
这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
③All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves __________ the sudden attacks.
④Mr Green stood up __________ (为……辩护) the 16－year－old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
⑤Our duty is to _________(保卫国家不受……) its enemies.
against/from
in defence of
defend our country from/against
7.legal adj.法律的；合法的 legally adv.合法地
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
(教材P40)．..all have different education systems and legal systems.
……实行不同的教育和法律制度。
legal rights 合法权利
legal documents 法律文件
the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系
It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.
它将把完全无人驾驶汽车置于与人类驾驶员平等的法律地位。
词语拓展：
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
illegal drugs违禁药品
illegal activities非法活动
illegal printing matter非法印刷品
illegal publishing非法出版
illegal publications非法出版物
il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”
即学即练 完成句子
①Wild camping ________ (是非法的)in England.
②More and more women today have learned to arise _______________________ (捍卫她们的合法权利)．
③出于法律原因，大多数饭店都有一项政策，禁止送给别人被丢弃的食物。
______________most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
is illegal
in defence of their legal rights
For legal reasons
4. surround vt.围绕；包围
surroundings n．环境(复数)
(教材P40)．..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with...
被……包围/环绕
beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境
The small island with beautiful sight
is surrounded by/with the sea.
那个景色优美的小岛四面环海。
I work in pleasant surroundings.
我在愉快的环境中工作。
词语拓展：
get/be used to the new surroundings
适应新环境
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
__________ (surround) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
The garden __________________ (由……包围着) a fence，in which many small creatures live.
Surrounded
is surrounded by/with
5．evidence n．证据；根据；证明
evident adj.明显的，显然的
evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地
(教材P40)..you will be surrounded by evidence
of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
/clear/strong evidence
充分的/明显的/有力的证据
It is evident that...
＝Evidently, ... 很明显……
There is (some) evidence that...
有(一些)证据表明……
(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)
6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到
achieve vt.实现；(努力)取得，达到
(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
make an achievement 取得成就
a great achievement 伟大的成就
achieve success 获得成功
achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标
achieve one's dream 实现梦想
词语拓展：
make achievements in...
某人在……方面的成就
make an achievement/achievements in doing sth. 在做某事方面取得成就
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
List all of your accomplishments and __ _ (achievement)．
achievements
7. location n．地方；地点；位置
locate vt. 使处于...位置
located adj.处于；位于；坐落在
(教材P41)．..left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.……留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。
词语积累：
locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
学法点拨：
位于……
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The map shows the precise ________ (locate) of the crash.
②China _________ (locate) in the east of Asia with the area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres.
③________ (locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
④Mount Huang ______________________ (位于)Anhui Province.
location
is located
Located
is located/situated in/lies in
12.battle n．战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
(教材P41)They conquered England after the well－known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。
(1)n.战役；搏斗
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a(n)．..battle 打……的仗
accept the battle 应战
(2)vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争
battle for equal rights 为争取同等权利而战
battle for justice 为正义而斗争
battle for life 为生存而战
The mountain climbers had to battle against great difficulties.
登山队员不得不与艰难险阻搏斗。
They battled for freedom.他们为自由而战。
She fought a long battle against cancer before she died.在去世之前，她与癌症做了长期斗争。
词语拓展：
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
fight for...为……而战
struggle for...为……而斗争
struggle agaist...与……作斗争
即学即练 单句语法填空/汉译英/完成句子
①When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle ________ myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
②The two candidates are battling ________ control of the company to ensure their own benefits.
③和困难作斗争___________________
④争夺时间之战________________
⑤为争取同等权利而战_________________
⑥为正义而斗争________________
⑦她曾与癌症抗争。
She had ____________ cancer.
⑧警方正在和犯罪活动进行艰苦的斗争。
The police __________________________ crime.
against
for
battle against difficulties
battle against time
battle for equal rights
battle for justice
battled against
are fighting a tough battle against
8. fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住 fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
(教材P41)The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.联合王国是一个迷人的历史和现代文化交融的混合国度，拥有新旧两种传统。
a fascinating place 迷人的地方
a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事
look/sound fascinating 看上去/听起来迷人
be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷
It's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.
看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
词汇拓展：
fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住
sth. fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人
sb. is fascinated by/with sth.某人对……着迷
be struck by...被……所迷住/打动
He was struck by the beauty of the Western Lake.他被西湖的美所迷住。
We are struck by the story of LeiFeng.我们被雷锋的故事所打动。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①CHRONOLOGICA is a _________ (fascinate) journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet.
②I was ________ (fascinate) to hear about his travels in Britain.
③她的音乐让我着迷。
Her music fascinates me.＝I am fascinated ________ her music.
fascinating
fascinated
with
8. confuse vt.使困惑
confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的
confusing adj.令人困惑的
confusion n．困惑
(教材P40).. many people are confused by what these different names mean.
许多人被这些不同的名字意思弄糊涂了。
be confused about 对……感到困惑
get confused about 变得困惑
即学即练 单句语法填空
①She stepped down, looking ____(confuse)．
②The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a _______ (confuse) world.
③I always confuse you _______ your sister—you look so alike.
confused
confusing
with
1.break away (from sb./sth.)
脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)．..the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today...……爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称……
The teenager broke away from the school and ran away.
这名少年从学校挣脱逃跑了。
误区警示：
break away中的away是副词，
如果后接宾语则要再加介词from，
构成短语break away from (从……中脱离)。
类似的动词还有
get away from...摆脱……
run away from...逃离
①The Union first consisted of several countries, which broke away _______it later because of conflicts.
②His car broke ________ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
③The fire broke _____during the day, so almost no one was injured.
④I'm surprised Sue and Paul have broken________.
from
down
out
up
⑤We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ________ the office during the night.
⑥Startled by the sudden whistle of the train, the horse __________ (逃脱)．
⑦The boy ______________ (挣脱) his mother and ran away.
into
broke away
broke away from
break off 中断；折断
break out 突然发生，爆发
break through 突破
break up 破碎；分解；解散；(关系)破裂
break down
(机器等)出故障；垮掉；失败
break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴
(不及物短语动词)
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
(及物短语动词)
2.belong to 属于
属于(某人)
(教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
a sense of belonging 归属感
The soccer ball belongs to Dan.
这个足球是丹的。
误区警示：
belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
这辆自行车是我的。
This bike belongs to me.(√)
This bike is belonged to me.(×)
This bike is belonging to me.(×)
3. as well as 和...一样
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
误区警示：
(1)as well也；又；还，通常放在肯定句句末。
He is smart, and kind as well.
他很聪明，也很善良。
(2)和……一样好
I speak English as well as he does.
我英语说得和他一样好。
(1)as well也；又；还，
通常放在肯定句句末。
He is friendly, and funny as well.
他很聪明，也很善良。
(2)和……一样好
I sing as well as dancing.
我英语说得和他一样好。
Unit 4 Vocabulary
Learning Objectives
01.
Be able to grasp the usage of new words in Unit 4
02.
Be able to read words correctly and quickly in Unit 4;
第一版块|核心单词和短语
1．individual
adj.单独的；个别的
n．个人
individually adv.分别地；各自地
(教材P39)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.习语是一种表达方式，它的意思不同于单个词的意思。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①__________ (individual) or groups may enter one of the following categories.
②Snacks outside of mealtimes may be bought
by the student __________ (individual)．
Individuals
individually
2.Achilles' heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
pull sb.'s leg 同某人开玩笑
fly off the handle 大发雷霆
over the moon 欣喜若狂
be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
be child's play 极容易做；轻而易举
an early bird 早起的鸟
Adam's Achilles' heel is that he is not confident.亚当的致命弱点是他不自信。
I'm sorry I accidentally spilled your tea, but there's no need to fly off the handle.
对不起，我不小心打翻了你的茶水，不过也不必大发脾气。
His performance was so funny that we laughed our heads off.
他的表演太滑稽了，我们笑得前仰后合。
—Do you want to know what he said？你想知道他说什么了吗？
—Go on—I'm all ears.讲吧，我洗耳恭听。
The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃/捷足先登。
归纳拓展：
laugh one's head(s) off 大笑不止，狂笑不已
(a) fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
last straw救命稻草
a wet blanket扫兴的人
a lucky dog幸运儿
a tough nut难对付的人
green fingers园艺技能
即学即练 完成句子
①“杰克还是不由自主地担心自己的工作面试。”“恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。”
—Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self－confidence is his ________________， I am afraid.
②你说真的，还是逗我玩的？
Are you for real, or are you just ________________？
③被一群陌生人围着，她感到很不自在。
Surrounded by a crowd of strangers, she felt like a ________________.
Achilles' heel
pulling my leg
fish out of water
第一版块|核心单词
3.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
(教材P40)According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country？根据课文，学习一个国家的历史的两个主要优点是什么？
the chief engineer 总工程师
the chief architect 总建筑师
Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业——该市目前人口为762人。
词语拓展：
an editor－in－chief→editors－in－chief 总编辑
a sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹
a brother-in-law→brothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫
a grown-up→grown-ups成年人
即学即练 单句语法填空
①She is the ________ (总监) of the sales department.
②He is the ________ (主任) of the English department.
③She is the ______________ (主编) of the magazine.
④Product quality is our ________ (主要的) concern.
⑤Rice is the ________ (主要的) crop in this area.
chief
chief
editor－in－chief
chief
chief
2. puzzle
n．谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt.迷惑；使困惑
(教材P40)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
n. in a puzzle
He was in a puzzle about what to do next.
下一步要做什么，他感到困惑不解。
词语积累：
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的
－ed形容词常说明人；或修饰人的表情、声音等；
－ing形容词常说明事物的性质
She felt puzzled.
她感到困惑的
This is a puzzling question.
这是一个让人困惑的问题。
5.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近(没有比较等级)
(教材P40)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.在16世纪，邻国威尔士加入了英格兰王国。
live nearby 住在附近
a nearby town 附近的一个城镇
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.
留了张纸条让失主知道钱包是完好无损的之后，他把钱包送到附近的警察局。
They were seen as nearly worthless.它们被认为几乎是没有价值的。
知识拓展：
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆
易错词比较：
nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近(表程度)
near adj.近的，接近的 adv.在附近 prep.在……附近
即学即练 用near, nearby, nearly完成句子
①She bought some fruit at a ________ store.
②As spring ________， the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
③It's easy to find him. He lives ________.
④As I got up late, I ________ missed train.
⑤________ 200 people attended the meeting.
⑥I live ________ the station, so I can catch the early bus easily.
nearby
nears
nearby
nearly
Nearly
near
3．defence n．防御；保卫
defend v．防御，保护；辩解，辩护
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护
Soldiers died in defence of their country.
战士为保卫祖国而献身.
词语积累：
defend...from/against...保护……免受……
defend oneself against...为自己辩护
The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.
这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
③All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves __________ the sudden attacks.
④Mr Green stood up __________ (为……辩护) the 16－year－old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
⑤Our duty is to _________(保卫国家不受……) its enemies.
against/from
in defence of
defend our country from/against
7.legal adj.法律的；合法的 legally adv.合法地
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
(教材P40)．..all have different education systems and legal systems.
……实行不同的教育和法律制度。
legal rights 合法权利
legal documents 法律文件
the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系
It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.
它将把完全无人驾驶汽车置于与人类驾驶员平等的法律地位。
词语拓展：
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
illegal drugs违禁药品
illegal activities非法活动
illegal printing matter非法印刷品
illegal publishing非法出版
illegal publications非法出版物
il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”
即学即练 完成句子
①Wild camping ________ (是非法的)in England.
②More and more women today have learned to arise _______________________ (捍卫她们的合法权利)．
③出于法律原因，大多数饭店都有一项政策，禁止送给别人被丢弃的食物。
______________most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
is illegal
in defence of their legal rights
For legal reasons
4. surround vt.围绕；包围
surroundings n．环境(复数)
(教材P40)．..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with...
被……包围/环绕
beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境
The small island with beautiful sight
is surrounded by/with the sea.
那个景色优美的小岛四面环海。
I work in pleasant surroundings.
我在愉快的环境中工作。
词语拓展：
get/be used to the new surroundings
适应新环境
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
__________ (surround) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
The garden __________________ (由……包围着) a fence，in which many small creatures live.
Surrounded
is surrounded by/with
5．evidence n．证据；根据；证明
evident adj.明显的，显然的
evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地
(教材P40)..you will be surrounded by evidence
of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
/clear/strong evidence
充分的/明显的/有力的证据
It is evident that...
＝Evidently, ... 很明显……
There is (some) evidence that...
有(一些)证据表明……
(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)
6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到
achieve vt.实现；(努力)取得，达到
(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
make an achievement 取得成就
a great achievement 伟大的成就
achieve success 获得成功
achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标
achieve one's dream 实现梦想
词语拓展：
make achievements in...
某人在……方面的成就
make an achievement/achievements in doing sth. 在做某事方面取得成就
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
List all of your accomplishments and __ _ (achievement)．
achievements
7. location n．地方；地点；位置
locate vt. 使处于...位置
located adj.处于；位于；坐落在
(教材P41)．..left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.……留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。
词语积累：
locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
学法点拨：
位于……
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The map shows the precise ________ (locate) of the crash.
②China _________ (locate) in the east of Asia with the area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres.
③________ (locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
④Mount Huang ______________________ (位于)Anhui Province.
location
is located
Located
is located/situated in/lies in
12.battle n．战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
(教材P41)They conquered England after the well－known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。
(1)n.战役；搏斗
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a(n)．..battle 打……的仗
accept the battle 应战
(2)vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争
battle for equal rights 为争取同等权利而战
battle for justice 为正义而斗争
battle for life 为生存而战
The mountain climbers had to battle against great difficulties.
登山队员不得不与艰难险阻搏斗。
They battled for freedom.他们为自由而战。
She fought a long battle against cancer before she died.在去世之前，她与癌症做了长期斗争。
词语拓展：
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
fight for...为……而战
struggle for...为……而斗争
struggle agaist...与……作斗争
即学即练 单句语法填空/汉译英/完成句子
①When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle ________ myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
②The two candidates are battling ________ control of the company to ensure their own benefits.
③和困难作斗争___________________
④争夺时间之战________________
⑤为争取同等权利而战_________________
⑥为正义而斗争________________
⑦她曾与癌症抗争。
She had ____________ cancer.
⑧警方正在和犯罪活动进行艰苦的斗争。
The police __________________________ crime.
against
for
battle against difficulties
battle against time
battle for equal rights
battle for justice
battled against
are fighting a tough battle against
8. fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住 fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
(教材P41)The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.联合王国是一个迷人的历史和现代文化交融的混合国度，拥有新旧两种传统。
a fascinating place 迷人的地方
a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事
look/sound fascinating 看上去/听起来迷人
be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷
It's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.
看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
词汇拓展：
fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住
sth. fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人
sb. is fascinated by/with sth.某人对……着迷
be struck by...被……所迷住/打动
He was struck by the beauty of the Western Lake.他被西湖的美所迷住。
We are struck by the story of LeiFeng.我们被雷锋的故事所打动。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①CHRONOLOGICA is a _________ (fascinate) journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet.
②I was ________ (fascinate) to hear about his travels in Britain.
③她的音乐让我着迷。
Her music fascinates me.＝I am fascinated ________ her music.
fascinating
fascinated
with
8. confuse vt.使困惑
confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的
confusing adj.令人困惑的
confusion n．困惑
(教材P40).. many people are confused by what these different names mean.
许多人被这些不同的名字意思弄糊涂了。
be confused about 对……感到困惑
get confused about 变得困惑
即学即练 单句语法填空
①She stepped down, looking ____(confuse)．
②The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a _______ (confuse) world.
③I always confuse you _______ your sister—you look so alike.
confused
confusing
with
1.break away (from sb./sth.)
脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)．..the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today...……爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称……
The teenager broke away from the school and ran away.
这名少年从学校挣脱逃跑了。
误区警示：
break away中的away是副词，
如果后接宾语则要再加介词from，
构成短语break away from (从……中脱离)。
类似的动词还有
get away from...摆脱……
run away from...逃离
①The Union first consisted of several countries, which broke away _______it later because of conflicts.
②His car broke ________ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
③The fire broke _____during the day, so almost no one was injured.
④I'm surprised Sue and Paul have broken________.
from
down
out
up
⑤We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ________ the office during the night.
⑥Startled by the sudden whistle of the train, the horse __________ (逃脱)．
⑦The boy ______________ (挣脱) his mother and ran away.
into
broke away
broke away from
break off 中断；折断
break out 突然发生，爆发
break through 突破
break up 破碎；分解；解散；(关系)破裂
break down
(机器等)出故障；垮掉；失败
break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴
(不及物短语动词)
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
(及物短语动词)
2.belong to 属于
属于(某人)
(教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
a sense of belonging 归属感
The soccer ball belongs to Dan.
这个足球是丹的。
误区警示：
belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
这辆自行车是我的。
This bike belongs to me.(√)
This bike is belonged to me.(×)
This bike is belonging to me.(×)
3. as well as 和...一样
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
误区警示：
(1)as well也；又；还，通常放在肯定句句末。
He is smart, and kind as well.
他很聪明，也很善良。
(2)和……一样好
I speak English as well as he does.
我英语说得和他一样好。
(1)as well也；又；还，
通常放在肯定句句末。
He is friendly, and funny as well.
他很聪明，也很善良。
(2)和……一样好
I sing as well as dancing.
我英语说得和他一样好。