9B Unit 1 Life in Mars Grammar （共86张PPT）
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| 名称 | 9B Unit 1 Life in Mars Grammar （共86张PPT） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2013-10-07 12:57:11 | ||
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课件86张PPT。《牛津初中英语》9B
Unit 1 Grammar 简要提示一、年级：九年级
二、教学内容：9B Unit 1 Life on Mars
三、课型：Grammar
四、教学目标
1. 知识目标
1) 掌握can, could和may, might的用法。
2) 掌握that, if 或whether引导的宾语从
句的用法。 2. 能力目标
1) 能够运用can, could和may, might
来具体表示请求或给予许可。
2)能够运用that, if 或whether引导的宾语从句来转述信息。
五、教学重难点
1.重点:
1)can, could和may, might的礼貌程度
上的区别。
2)宾语从句that, if/whether的构成及用法。
2.难点:
if 或whether引导的宾语从句的语序。 Using ‘can’ ,’could’, ‘may’ and ‘might’ Part One Lead-inKitty, can I borrow your dictionary?Grammar AExcuse me, sir. May I have a look at the name of your book?Mr Wu, could I ask you some questions about Mars?Kitty -----Can …?
Mr Wu ---- Could …?
Sir ----- May…? friendteacherstranger can, could, may, might都可以用来表示请求或给予许可。但用法上有一些区别：1. can与could
can常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象一般是家人或朋友。如：
—Can I borrow your bike, Simon?
西蒙，我可以借一下你的自行车吗？
—Of course. 当然可以。
—Can I have some milk, Mum?
妈妈，我可以喝点牛奶吗？
—Yes, you can. 好的。 could是can的过去式，在口语中，could常用来代替can向对方更委婉地提出请求，用法上比can正式，可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时could不表示过去，回答一般还是用can。如：
a) —Could I use your computer, please? 请问，我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
—Yes, you can. 可以。
b) —Could I hand in our homework later, Mr
Lin? 林老师，我可以稍后交作业吗？
—No, you can’t. 不，不行。2. may与might
may也可以用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，相当于could，用法也比can更正式，更礼貌，一般用于向陌生人或所尊敬的人请求许可。如：
—May I ask you a question? 我可以
问你一个问题吗？
—Yes, please. 可以，请问。
b) —May I come in, Mr Wu? 吴老师，
我可以进来吗？
—No, you may not. 不行。 might是may的过去式，它也可以用来表示征求对方意见，不过很少用。might在语气上比may更婉转，但不如may表现得那么自信，这时might不表示过去时态，肯定回答时通常用may。如：
a) —Might I join you? 我可以加入你们吗？
—Yes, you may. 可以。
b) —Might I have a look at your new plan?
我可以看一下你的新计划吗？
— No, you may not. 不，不行。1. can与could
can常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象一般是家人或朋友。如：
—Can I borrow your bike, Simon?
西蒙，我可以借一下你的自行车吗？
—Of course. 当然可以。
—Can I have some milk, Mum?
妈妈，我可以喝点牛奶吗？
—Yes, you can. 好的。 could是can的过去式，在口语中，could常用来代替can向对方更委婉地提出请求，用法上比can正式，可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时could不表示过去，回答一般还是用can。如：
a) —Could I use your computer, please? 请问，我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
—Yes, you can.
可以。2. may与might
may也可以用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，相当于could，用法也比can更正式，更礼貌，一般用于向陌生人或所尊敬的人请求许可。如：
—May I ask you a question? 我可以
问你一个问题吗？
—Yes, please. 可以，请问。 might是may的过去式，它也可以用来表示征求对方意见，不过很少用。might在语气上比may更婉转，但不如may表现得那么自信，这时might不表示过去时态，肯定回答时通常用may。如：
a) —Might I join you? 我可以加入你们吗？
—Yes, you may. 可以。
Part Three Working out the ruleInformalFormalFormal and politeVery formalUsed with friendsUsed with teachers
or adultsUsed with strangers
and people you respectVery polite but rarely used
Part Two Learning for use
1 Dad, _____ (may, could) I take your camera?
Yes, you _____(can, may).
2 _____(May, Can) I borrow this helmet, madam?
No, you ________(couldn’t, may not).
3 _____(Might, Can) I borrow your sports
shoes, Mike?
Yes, you ____(can, may).couldcanMaymay notCancanCan/Could I go to the zoo tomorrow?
2 May/Might I use your computer, Mr Wu?
Yes, you can. No, you cannot/can’t.Yes, you may.No, you may not/can’t.
Part Four PracticeWriting sentences to ask for permission in the following situationsSituation 1
You are on a bus and the person in front of you has the window open. It starts to rain and you’re getting wet.May I close the window?
Part Four PracticeWriting sentences to ask for permission in the following situationsSituation 2
Your cousin is watching a boring programme on TV. You ask her permission to change the channel.Can I change the channel?
Part Four PracticeWriting sentences to ask for permission in the following situationsSituation 3
Your uncle and aunt have invited you to join them in a walk in the park. You want to take your dog with you.
Could I bring my dog?Exercises:1. —May I go surfing alone this afternoon, Dad?
—No, you ____. It is dangerous. (2005 江苏南京)
A. may not B. can’t C. needn’t D. don’t
1. 选B。 这里是情态动词may 的否定回答。2. —Can I get you a drink?
—____. I have already got one. (2005 甘肃)
A. That’s very nice of you.
B. No, you don’t have to.
C. Yes, please.
D. With pleasure.
2. 选B。这里can I … 句子是征求意见，所以
排除A、D。再根据下句I have already got
one.说明 “不需要”, 故可排除C。3. Lin Ling’s mother wanted to know ____.
(2005 四川)
A. if she studied hard at school
B. how did she study at school
C. what did she study at school
3. 选A。 此处为宾语从句，且从句的语序应
为陈述句语序。 4. Do you want to know ____in the future? A special mirror invented by the French scientists can help you. (2006 山东莱芜)
A. what you will look like
B. what will you look like
C. how do you look like
D. how you look like
4. 选 A。 这里是宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，
排除B,C；“看上去怎样”疑问词应该用what，
作为介词like 的宾语，排除D。5. It is said that the gravity on Mars is only about ____ of the gravity on Earth. (2006 江苏苏州)
A. three-eighths B. third-eight
C. three-eights D. third-eight
5. 选A。 这里考查的是分数的表达。About the planet MarsThese planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.
Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.
People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.
The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.Which sentence has an object clause?√√√Object clauses introduced by ‘that’Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.Daniel thinks that Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.Grammar B一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。
eg. We know Mr Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）
语 序
时 态e.g.
I hear (that) _______________________.
He said (that) ______________________.
The teacher told us (that) _______________ ________________. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略around the sun he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses introduced by “that”: 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句I hear (that) _______________________.
He said (that) ______________________.
The teacher told us (that) ______________________________.The robot will do most of our work.Daniel thinks that the robot will do most of the work.People will live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.Daniel thinks that people will live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.Part Two Learning for useHe’ll be back in a month.
(I hear…)
2) I have been to the Great Wall once.
(He tells me…)
I hear (that) he will be back in a month.
He tells me (that) he has been to the Great Wall once.
Part Three Working out the rulesTips
1 We can use ‘that’ clause to replace an object after the verb in a sentence.
2 The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement. 3 Sometimes we can leave the connective “that” out in the object clause.
Part Four Practice
Joining the following sentences with ‘that’1 People think…
Humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
People think (that) humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
2 Some scientists don’t believe…
The journey to Mars will be very
comfortable.Some scientists don’t believe (that) the journey to Mars will be very comfortable. that不能省略的几种情况
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。1. 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3. 主从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。 that不能省略的几种情况
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。1. 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3. 主从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。
Writing an ‘O’ for a sentence that has an object clause and an ‘N’ for a sentence that does not1 These plants will produce food and oxygen that we need.
2 Scientists should be able to develop plants that grow on Mars.
3 People humans on Mars have
to wear special boots to make themselves
heavier.
NNOthink thatthink that
We all Mars is a planet in the
solar system.
The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
6 Some scientists do not the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.ONOknow thatbelieve (that)know thatbelieve thatObject clauses introduced by ‘if’ or ‘whether’Could the plants produce enough water?Daniel is not sure if/whether the plants could produce enough water.
Are there any aliens on Mars?
Are animals on Mars dangerous?
Daniel is not sure if/whether there are any aliens on Mars.Daniel is not sure if/whether animals on Mars are dangerous.if，whether 引导的宾语从句Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。 Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? 其次要注意时态变化：
1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if/whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if/whether the train had left. Ⅲ. if和whether的区别。
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说。
2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether， 不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come
tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否要来。3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。
6. if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：
If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you.
假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。
1 Does he live in that house?
( She asks me…)
2 Have you finished your homework?
( I want to know…)
Part Two Learning for useShe asks me if/whether he lives in
that house.
I want to know if/whether you have finished your homework.
Part Three Work out the rules Tips
1 We can use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ to introduce an object clause when it expresses a ‘yes/ no’ question.
2 The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement.
Part Four PracticeWill transport on Mars be much better than on Earth?
Are you certain______________________? Are you certain if/whether transport on
Mars will be much better than on Earth ?
Is gravity a problem for the early settlers on Mars?
Can you tell me____________________?
Can you tell me if/whether gravity is a
problem for the early settlers on Mars?
3 Does it take very long to travel from Earth to Mars?
Do you know ___________________? Do you know if/whether it takes very long
to travel from Earth to Mars?
4 Are many people going to move to Mars?
Can you tell me ______________________?Can you tell me if/whether many people are going to move to Mars?
Did the USA send a space robot onto Mars last year?
Do you know________________________?Do you know if/whether the USA sent a space robot onto Mars last year?Object clauses introduced by “if” and “whether”Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?Ⅲ. if和whether的区别。
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说
2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether， 不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come
tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否要来。
3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。1. Uncle Wang came up to see _________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.Complete the sentences with “if / whether”.If / whetherwhether3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay?
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?whetherIf5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Whether其次要注意时态变化：
1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if/whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.Complete the sentences.whether/if we can grow plantsif/whether many people are going to movewhether or not he doeswhether I hurt her feelings1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。
We are wondering ______________________on Mars.
2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？
Could you tell me _________________________________ to Mars?
3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I don't know ____________________ any washing.
4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
I was worried about _________________________.
Part Five Exercise
Helping Daniel complete the diary using ‘ that’, ‘if ’ or ‘whether’Dear Diary
Do you believe _____ man will be able to live on the planet Mars in the future? Scientists are working hard to make this dream become true. However, they are still not sure ___________ we could grow plants on Mars. thatif/whether
Also many scientists think _____ gravity is a problem to the first settlers. They all agree _____ the journey to Mars will not be comfortable. Therefore I am wondering ___________ there will be many people willing to move to Mars.thatthatif / whether选择填空。
1. I don't know if Mr. Wang ____on a field trip. If he ___ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me.
A. goes; will go B. will go; goes
C. will go; will go D. goes; goes
2. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is itExercises:√√3. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
4. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.
A. whether had I heard
B. whether I had heard
C. whether have I heard
D. whether I have heard√√5. I haven’t decide ____ I’ll go out or stay at home.
A. if B. when
C. why D. whether
6. I want to know ______ he loves you.
A. that B. what
C. if D. who√√7. I wondered ____ our teacher was going to attend our party.
A. whether B. why
C. where D. that
8. I’d like to know ________ or not.
A. whether will he come
B. whether has he come
C. whether he will come
D. that he will come√√根据汉语提示，用英语完成句子。1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。
We are wondering ______________________ on Mars.
2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？
Could you tell me __________________________________ to Mars?whether/if we can grow plantsif/whether many people are going to move3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I don't know ____________________ any washing.
4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
I was worried about _________________________.
whether or not he doeswhether I hurt her feelings1. Uncle Wang came up to see
_________there was anything
wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.Ⅲ. 用if/whether填空。if/ whetherwhether3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay?
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?
whetherIf
5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Whether
今天我们一起学习了用情态动词can, could, may和might表示请求或允许和由that, if/whether 引导的宾语从句，请同学们课后加强训练并正确运用。小 结
Practise using ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’ or ‘might’ to ask for permission.
Remember how to use object clauses introduced by ‘that ’, ’if’ or ‘whether’.
Finish off the additional exercises. Homework
Additional exercises1 May I go surfing alone this afternoon?
No, you ______. It is dangerous.
A may not B can’t C needn’t D don’t
2 Could I borrow your dictionary?
Yes, of course you ________.
A must B need C can D will
A Multiple Choice
3 Can you come to my house for supper?
_______________.
A No, you can’t B I think so
C Sure, I’d love to D I hope I can
4 May I go now?
No, you ____. You have to stay at home.
A needn’t B mustn’t
C couldn’t D don’t
B Join the following sentences with object
clauses introduced by ‘that’ ,’if’ or
‘whether’.
1 We believe...
We will win.
2 I think…
He is an honest man.
3 I wonder…
Does he study hard?
Could you tell me…?
Will it rain ?
5 I want to know…
Do you come from England?
I don’t know…
He lives on the same street.
Keys to additional exercises :
A 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B
B
1 We believe that we will win.
2 I think that he is an honest man .
3 I wonder if/whether he studies hard.
4 Could you tell me if/whether it will rain?
5 I want to know if/whether you come
from England.
6 I don’t know that he lives on the same
street.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
Tom says that they ______________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
I hear they ______________ (return) it already.
He said that they ___________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
He asked what they _____________ at eight last night. (do)
The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
I think you ____________ about the murder now. (talk) will be goes were playing have returned had been travels are talking were doing9. I didn’t know whom the letters ______ from. (be)
10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter.
(write)
11. Mr Wang told me that the earth ______ (move) round the sun.
12. Could you tell me who ___________ away the book already? (take)
13. Ling Feng told me he _________ there several times. (be)
14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)
15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken had been risesdid were将下列句子合并为一句:
1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.
2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?
3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked.
4. He is doing his homework. He said.
5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked.
7. When will he come back? Tom asked.
8.How can I get to the station? Could you tell me?
9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?
10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework.
说 明
本课时是9B Unit1的Grammar。分两个语法板块介绍了情态动词 can, could, may, might 的用法以及 that 和whether引导的宾语从句。教师可以设置合适的语言情境来导入这两部分的语法教学。同时结合本单元主题 Life on Mars，引导学生通过想象，在特定的情景中来操练、巩固这两部分语法内容。
Unit 1 Grammar 简要提示一、年级：九年级
二、教学内容：9B Unit 1 Life on Mars
三、课型：Grammar
四、教学目标
1. 知识目标
1) 掌握can, could和may, might的用法。
2) 掌握that, if 或whether引导的宾语从
句的用法。 2. 能力目标
1) 能够运用can, could和may, might
来具体表示请求或给予许可。
2)能够运用that, if 或whether引导的宾语从句来转述信息。
五、教学重难点
1.重点:
1)can, could和may, might的礼貌程度
上的区别。
2)宾语从句that, if/whether的构成及用法。
2.难点:
if 或whether引导的宾语从句的语序。 Using ‘can’ ,’could’, ‘may’ and ‘might’ Part One Lead-inKitty, can I borrow your dictionary?Grammar AExcuse me, sir. May I have a look at the name of your book?Mr Wu, could I ask you some questions about Mars?Kitty -----Can …?
Mr Wu ---- Could …?
Sir ----- May…? friendteacherstranger can, could, may, might都可以用来表示请求或给予许可。但用法上有一些区别：1. can与could
can常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象一般是家人或朋友。如：
—Can I borrow your bike, Simon?
西蒙，我可以借一下你的自行车吗？
—Of course. 当然可以。
—Can I have some milk, Mum?
妈妈，我可以喝点牛奶吗？
—Yes, you can. 好的。 could是can的过去式，在口语中，could常用来代替can向对方更委婉地提出请求，用法上比can正式，可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时could不表示过去，回答一般还是用can。如：
a) —Could I use your computer, please? 请问，我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
—Yes, you can. 可以。
b) —Could I hand in our homework later, Mr
Lin? 林老师，我可以稍后交作业吗？
—No, you can’t. 不，不行。2. may与might
may也可以用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，相当于could，用法也比can更正式，更礼貌，一般用于向陌生人或所尊敬的人请求许可。如：
—May I ask you a question? 我可以
问你一个问题吗？
—Yes, please. 可以，请问。
b) —May I come in, Mr Wu? 吴老师，
我可以进来吗？
—No, you may not. 不行。 might是may的过去式，它也可以用来表示征求对方意见，不过很少用。might在语气上比may更婉转，但不如may表现得那么自信，这时might不表示过去时态，肯定回答时通常用may。如：
a) —Might I join you? 我可以加入你们吗？
—Yes, you may. 可以。
b) —Might I have a look at your new plan?
我可以看一下你的新计划吗？
— No, you may not. 不，不行。1. can与could
can常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象一般是家人或朋友。如：
—Can I borrow your bike, Simon?
西蒙，我可以借一下你的自行车吗？
—Of course. 当然可以。
—Can I have some milk, Mum?
妈妈，我可以喝点牛奶吗？
—Yes, you can. 好的。 could是can的过去式，在口语中，could常用来代替can向对方更委婉地提出请求，用法上比can正式，可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时could不表示过去，回答一般还是用can。如：
a) —Could I use your computer, please? 请问，我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
—Yes, you can.
可以。2. may与might
may也可以用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，相当于could，用法也比can更正式，更礼貌，一般用于向陌生人或所尊敬的人请求许可。如：
—May I ask you a question? 我可以
问你一个问题吗？
—Yes, please. 可以，请问。 might是may的过去式，它也可以用来表示征求对方意见，不过很少用。might在语气上比may更婉转，但不如may表现得那么自信，这时might不表示过去时态，肯定回答时通常用may。如：
a) —Might I join you? 我可以加入你们吗？
—Yes, you may. 可以。
Part Three Working out the ruleInformalFormalFormal and politeVery formalUsed with friendsUsed with teachers
or adultsUsed with strangers
and people you respectVery polite but rarely used
Part Two Learning for use
1 Dad, _____ (may, could) I take your camera?
Yes, you _____(can, may).
2 _____(May, Can) I borrow this helmet, madam?
No, you ________(couldn’t, may not).
3 _____(Might, Can) I borrow your sports
shoes, Mike?
Yes, you ____(can, may).couldcanMaymay notCancanCan/Could I go to the zoo tomorrow?
2 May/Might I use your computer, Mr Wu?
Yes, you can. No, you cannot/can’t.Yes, you may.No, you may not/can’t.
Part Four PracticeWriting sentences to ask for permission in the following situationsSituation 1
You are on a bus and the person in front of you has the window open. It starts to rain and you’re getting wet.May I close the window?
Part Four PracticeWriting sentences to ask for permission in the following situationsSituation 2
Your cousin is watching a boring programme on TV. You ask her permission to change the channel.Can I change the channel?
Part Four PracticeWriting sentences to ask for permission in the following situationsSituation 3
Your uncle and aunt have invited you to join them in a walk in the park. You want to take your dog with you.
Could I bring my dog?Exercises:1. —May I go surfing alone this afternoon, Dad?
—No, you ____. It is dangerous. (2005 江苏南京)
A. may not B. can’t C. needn’t D. don’t
1. 选B。 这里是情态动词may 的否定回答。2. —Can I get you a drink?
—____. I have already got one. (2005 甘肃)
A. That’s very nice of you.
B. No, you don’t have to.
C. Yes, please.
D. With pleasure.
2. 选B。这里can I … 句子是征求意见，所以
排除A、D。再根据下句I have already got
one.说明 “不需要”, 故可排除C。3. Lin Ling’s mother wanted to know ____.
(2005 四川)
A. if she studied hard at school
B. how did she study at school
C. what did she study at school
3. 选A。 此处为宾语从句，且从句的语序应
为陈述句语序。 4. Do you want to know ____in the future? A special mirror invented by the French scientists can help you. (2006 山东莱芜)
A. what you will look like
B. what will you look like
C. how do you look like
D. how you look like
4. 选 A。 这里是宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，
排除B,C；“看上去怎样”疑问词应该用what，
作为介词like 的宾语，排除D。5. It is said that the gravity on Mars is only about ____ of the gravity on Earth. (2006 江苏苏州)
A. three-eighths B. third-eight
C. three-eights D. third-eight
5. 选A。 这里考查的是分数的表达。About the planet MarsThese planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.
Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.
People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.
The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.Which sentence has an object clause?√√√Object clauses introduced by ‘that’Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.Daniel thinks that Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.Grammar B一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。
eg. We know Mr Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）
语 序
时 态e.g.
I hear (that) _______________________.
He said (that) ______________________.
The teacher told us (that) _______________ ________________. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略around the sun he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses introduced by “that”: 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句I hear (that) _______________________.
He said (that) ______________________.
The teacher told us (that) ______________________________.The robot will do most of our work.Daniel thinks that the robot will do most of the work.People will live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.Daniel thinks that people will live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.Part Two Learning for useHe’ll be back in a month.
(I hear…)
2) I have been to the Great Wall once.
(He tells me…)
I hear (that) he will be back in a month.
He tells me (that) he has been to the Great Wall once.
Part Three Working out the rulesTips
1 We can use ‘that’ clause to replace an object after the verb in a sentence.
2 The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement. 3 Sometimes we can leave the connective “that” out in the object clause.
Part Four Practice
Joining the following sentences with ‘that’1 People think…
Humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
People think (that) humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
2 Some scientists don’t believe…
The journey to Mars will be very
comfortable.Some scientists don’t believe (that) the journey to Mars will be very comfortable. that不能省略的几种情况
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。1. 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3. 主从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。 that不能省略的几种情况
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。1. 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3. 主从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。
Writing an ‘O’ for a sentence that has an object clause and an ‘N’ for a sentence that does not1 These plants will produce food and oxygen that we need.
2 Scientists should be able to develop plants that grow on Mars.
3 People humans on Mars have
to wear special boots to make themselves
heavier.
NNOthink thatthink that
We all Mars is a planet in the
solar system.
The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
6 Some scientists do not the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.ONOknow thatbelieve (that)know thatbelieve thatObject clauses introduced by ‘if’ or ‘whether’Could the plants produce enough water?Daniel is not sure if/whether the plants could produce enough water.
Are there any aliens on Mars?
Are animals on Mars dangerous?
Daniel is not sure if/whether there are any aliens on Mars.Daniel is not sure if/whether animals on Mars are dangerous.if，whether 引导的宾语从句Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。 Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? 其次要注意时态变化：
1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if/whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if/whether the train had left. Ⅲ. if和whether的区别。
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说。
2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether， 不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come
tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否要来。3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。
6. if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：
If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you.
假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。
1 Does he live in that house?
( She asks me…)
2 Have you finished your homework?
( I want to know…)
Part Two Learning for useShe asks me if/whether he lives in
that house.
I want to know if/whether you have finished your homework.
Part Three Work out the rules Tips
1 We can use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ to introduce an object clause when it expresses a ‘yes/ no’ question.
2 The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement.
Part Four PracticeWill transport on Mars be much better than on Earth?
Are you certain______________________? Are you certain if/whether transport on
Mars will be much better than on Earth ?
Is gravity a problem for the early settlers on Mars?
Can you tell me____________________?
Can you tell me if/whether gravity is a
problem for the early settlers on Mars?
3 Does it take very long to travel from Earth to Mars?
Do you know ___________________? Do you know if/whether it takes very long
to travel from Earth to Mars?
4 Are many people going to move to Mars?
Can you tell me ______________________?Can you tell me if/whether many people are going to move to Mars?
Did the USA send a space robot onto Mars last year?
Do you know________________________?Do you know if/whether the USA sent a space robot onto Mars last year?Object clauses introduced by “if” and “whether”Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?Ⅲ. if和whether的区别。
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说
2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether， 不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come
tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否要来。
3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。1. Uncle Wang came up to see _________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.Complete the sentences with “if / whether”.If / whetherwhether3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay?
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?whetherIf5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Whether其次要注意时态变化：
1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if/whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.Complete the sentences.whether/if we can grow plantsif/whether many people are going to movewhether or not he doeswhether I hurt her feelings1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。
We are wondering ______________________on Mars.
2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？
Could you tell me _________________________________ to Mars?
3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I don't know ____________________ any washing.
4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
I was worried about _________________________.
Part Five Exercise
Helping Daniel complete the diary using ‘ that’, ‘if ’ or ‘whether’Dear Diary
Do you believe _____ man will be able to live on the planet Mars in the future? Scientists are working hard to make this dream become true. However, they are still not sure ___________ we could grow plants on Mars. thatif/whether
Also many scientists think _____ gravity is a problem to the first settlers. They all agree _____ the journey to Mars will not be comfortable. Therefore I am wondering ___________ there will be many people willing to move to Mars.thatthatif / whether选择填空。
1. I don't know if Mr. Wang ____on a field trip. If he ___ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me.
A. goes; will go B. will go; goes
C. will go; will go D. goes; goes
2. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is itExercises:√√3. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
4. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.
A. whether had I heard
B. whether I had heard
C. whether have I heard
D. whether I have heard√√5. I haven’t decide ____ I’ll go out or stay at home.
A. if B. when
C. why D. whether
6. I want to know ______ he loves you.
A. that B. what
C. if D. who√√7. I wondered ____ our teacher was going to attend our party.
A. whether B. why
C. where D. that
8. I’d like to know ________ or not.
A. whether will he come
B. whether has he come
C. whether he will come
D. that he will come√√根据汉语提示，用英语完成句子。1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。
We are wondering ______________________ on Mars.
2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？
Could you tell me __________________________________ to Mars?whether/if we can grow plantsif/whether many people are going to move3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I don't know ____________________ any washing.
4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
I was worried about _________________________.
whether or not he doeswhether I hurt her feelings1. Uncle Wang came up to see
_________there was anything
wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.Ⅲ. 用if/whether填空。if/ whetherwhether3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay?
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?
whetherIf
5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Whether
今天我们一起学习了用情态动词can, could, may和might表示请求或允许和由that, if/whether 引导的宾语从句，请同学们课后加强训练并正确运用。小 结
Practise using ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’ or ‘might’ to ask for permission.
Remember how to use object clauses introduced by ‘that ’, ’if’ or ‘whether’.
Finish off the additional exercises. Homework
Additional exercises1 May I go surfing alone this afternoon?
No, you ______. It is dangerous.
A may not B can’t C needn’t D don’t
2 Could I borrow your dictionary?
Yes, of course you ________.
A must B need C can D will
A Multiple Choice
3 Can you come to my house for supper?
_______________.
A No, you can’t B I think so
C Sure, I’d love to D I hope I can
4 May I go now?
No, you ____. You have to stay at home.
A needn’t B mustn’t
C couldn’t D don’t
B Join the following sentences with object
clauses introduced by ‘that’ ,’if’ or
‘whether’.
1 We believe...
We will win.
2 I think…
He is an honest man.
3 I wonder…
Does he study hard?
Could you tell me…?
Will it rain ?
5 I want to know…
Do you come from England?
I don’t know…
He lives on the same street.
Keys to additional exercises :
A 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B
B
1 We believe that we will win.
2 I think that he is an honest man .
3 I wonder if/whether he studies hard.
4 Could you tell me if/whether it will rain?
5 I want to know if/whether you come
from England.
6 I don’t know that he lives on the same
street.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
Tom says that they ______________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
I hear they ______________ (return) it already.
He said that they ___________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
He asked what they _____________ at eight last night. (do)
The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
I think you ____________ about the murder now. (talk) will be goes were playing have returned had been travels are talking were doing9. I didn’t know whom the letters ______ from. (be)
10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter.
(write)
11. Mr Wang told me that the earth ______ (move) round the sun.
12. Could you tell me who ___________ away the book already? (take)
13. Ling Feng told me he _________ there several times. (be)
14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)
15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken had been risesdid were将下列句子合并为一句:
1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.
2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?
3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked.
4. He is doing his homework. He said.
5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked.
7. When will he come back? Tom asked.
8.How can I get to the station? Could you tell me?
9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?
10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework.
说 明
本课时是9B Unit1的Grammar。分两个语法板块介绍了情态动词 can, could, may, might 的用法以及 that 和whether引导的宾语从句。教师可以设置合适的语言情境来导入这两部分的语法教学。同时结合本单元主题 Life on Mars，引导学生通过想象，在特定的情景中来操练、巩固这两部分语法内容。