人教新课标选修八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元测试（word 含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教新课标选修八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元测试（word 含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-09-06 12:18:07 | ||
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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable, easily available, and most importantly, environmentally sustainable. The one thing it is not, is transparent! Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholm’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology the material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list. Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berglund said he was inspired to create the transparent wood after learning how Japanese researchers had developed a see-through paper for use in flexible display screens for electronic devices. The team began by pulling out the wood’s lignin (木质素). The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer (聚合物) and baked at a temperature of 158°F for four hours. The result was a hybrid product that was not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also, almost transparent. The researchers were able to adjust the level of transparency by varying the amount of the polymer injected and also by changing the thickness of the wood.
While scientists have previously created a see-through wood for small-scale applications like computer chips, the transparent wood is the first one being considered for large scale applications. The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the transparent wood in buildings to allow for more natural light, or to create windows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrificing privacy.
Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildings. Berglund also thinks the wood could play a significant role in the design of solar panels. The semitransparent material would be able to keep light longer and give it more time to interact with the conductor, thus resulting in better solar efficiency. Additionally, substituting the currently used glass with this new product would help solar energy manufacturers improve their carbon footprint and lower the cost. They are now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.
1. What does the underlined part “that feature” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Cheap. B. Durable. C. Sustainable. D. Transparent.
2. Which of the following is true according to the text
A. Berglund got the idea of transparent wood while making paper.
B. Varying the amount of the polymer changes the wood’s hardness.
C. The transparent wood would be used only for homes and buildings.
D. The cost of making the transparent wood still needs to be cut down.
3. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The bright future of the transparent wood.
B. The wood’s role in the design of solar panels.
C. The disadvantages of the currently used glass.
D. Solar energy manufacturers’ carbon footprint.
B
On December 17, 1903, two men flew. They were brothers from Dayton, Ohio, and they owned a bicycle shop. They had attended school, but neither had graduated from high school. Their names were Wilbur and Orville Wright. Before they built the plane they studied all that was known about flying. They built a wind tunnel（风洞）and tested many wings. Then they drew plans and built carefully.
When they flew, it was from Kill Devil Hillat Kitty Hawk. That day, Orville won the toss（投）of a coin. He got to fly first. Wilbur ran beside him；the plane lifted a few feet above the sand and stayed in the air for 17 seconds. The brothers flew four flights that day. The longest lasted 59 seconds. The men from the lifeboat station had taken a picture.
The headlines in the morning newspaper in nearby Norfolk told of the flight, but most of the details in the story were wrong. The brothers were worried, but it didn't matter: no one paid attention. And other newspapers didn't carry the story.
Orville and Wilbur went home and set to improve（改进）their plane. In 1904 newspaper reporters came to see for themselves. The Wright brothers checked and tested everything again and again.
When the reporters arrived, the brothers were having mechanical problems with the plane. The reporters stayed two days. The Wright brothers wouldn't fly on those days；the plane wasn't ready. The reporters left. One writer did stay and see them fly. He wrote down the first long article about the Wright brothers' flight in a beekeepers' magazine!
In 1908, in Virginia, Orville showed Americans that people could fly. The crowd of watchers rushed forward shouting as loudly as they could and couldn't believe what they saw.
1. What can we learn about the Wright brothers
A. They started to build a plane in 1903. B. They studied very well in high school.
C. They invented different kinds of wings. D. They were the owners of a bicycle shop.
2. Why did Orville get to fly the plane first
A. He won after throwing a coin. B. He was asked to do that by Wilbur.
C. He could run faster than Wilbur did D. He had more courage than Wilbur did
3. The newspaper article about their first flight_________.
A. was widely discussed B. got most details wrong
C. made the Wrights very happy D. was carried by many other newspapers
4. Why did the Wright brothers fail to fly on the first few days after the reporters arrived in 1904
A. They needed to fix the plane.
B. They didn't get enough support.
C. They were expecting more reporters.
D. They didn't think the weather was suitable enough.
C
For years, scientists have been mapping this remote forest in Montana for an animal that’s extremely tricky to find. Camera traps haven’t offered convincing evidence, and even experts can’t identify its tracks with certainty. But within the past decades, researchers have developed a technique called DNA metabarcoding that can detect even the most hidden species.
The world is covered in DNA. It’s all around us — on the ground, down in the ocean and up in the clouds, which begins to break down once exposed to the environment. In 2018, scientists took a sample from some well-beaten snow tracks. Lab tests showed conclusive results: the Canada lynx (山猫) was indeed present in the area. Without seeing the cat, scientists had proof it was there because of environmental DNA or eDNA.
The process of DNA metabarcoding starts with an environmental sample like a bit of soil or the blood from leeches’ (水蛭) stomachs. Researchers use enzymes (酶) that break down cellular proteins and release DNA, which they purify. The result is a “soup” of all the DNA in the sample. Scientists then apply the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which uses artificial DNA thread called universal primers. These primers bind to DNA sequences (序列) that are similar across species, then enlarge genetic barcodes (条形码) that are species-specific. A special device reads millions of these DNA parts. Finally, researchers compare them to reference databases and identify how many and which species are present.
This method has led to the discovery and identification of tens of thousands of species over the past decade. In Yosemite, researchers used eDNA to track and remove aggressive bullfrogs. DNA metabarcoding can also be used to monitor biodiversity. For example, using traditional approaches, categorizing all of the insects in a hectare of rainforest can take decades, but DNA from insect traps could produce these results in just a few months.
1. How can DNA metabarcoding help researchers
A. By helping spot hidden animals.
B. By replacing camera’s functions.
C. By mapping remote forests accurately.
D. By setting up traps to catch animals more easily.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 2
A. eDNA metabarcoding’s application is convincing.
B. DNA forms and disappears around us in a mysterious way.
C. Scientists did see the Canada lynx in the area.
D. Seeing things with our own eyes is not necessary.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The wide uses of an environmental sample.
B. The vital role chemistry plays in DNA metabarcoding.
C. The steps of carrying out a DNA metabarcoding analysis.
D. Scientists’ efforts in developing a device to read DNA parts.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards DNA metabarcoding
A. Suspicious. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Critical.
D
Recently, a company called SkyDrive gave a test of its new flying car, the SD-03. The small car flew at an altitude of around 6 feet around up to four minutes. The SD-03 is powered by batteries and has 8 motors, which lift it straight off the ground. Since flying cars don't use runways, they need to be able to take off and land by going straight up or down. Its breakthrough was that a pilot was on board. Tomohiro Fukuzawa, who leads SkyDrive, said, "Of the world's more than 100 flying car projects, only a handful has succeeded with a person on board."
The world's leading companies are investing (投资) heavily to work on more advanced flying cars of their own. That includes airplane makers like Airbus and Boeing, car makers like Toyota, Hyundai, and Porsche, and ride services like Uber. Some governments, including Japan's, are supporting the idea, hoping that in the future, flying cars will be useful for short trips like taxi rides in cities. Flying cars could also save time in emergencies, and help reach some places that can't be reached by road.
However, controlling a flying car is so complex that most people won't be able to do it. Even SkyDrive's test flight was kept stable by an automatic (自动的) computer system, and a backup team stood ready to control the car from the ground. Besides, safety is a major problem. What happens when a motor fails That's a reason why the SD-03 has eight motors-as backups. All realities have led many companies to take a wait-and-see approach to developing flying cars. But people who believe in flying cars point out that cars and airplanes faced lots of challenges at first, too and that with time, many of the big problems were settled eventually.
Mr. Fukuzawa wants SkyDrive to be able to fly two passengers on trips of up to 3 miles by 2023. By 2050, he hopes people will be able to fly anywhere inside Tokyo in just 10 minutes. ''I think flying cars will become normal in the near future, " he says.
1. What made the SD-03's test flight by SkyDrive special
A. It was the first manned flying car. B. It landed without using a runway.
C. It flew much longer than expected. D. It was powered by batteries.
2. What are the famous companies like Airbus doing about the flying car
A. Uniting to design it together. B. Developing it independently.
C. Promoting it all over the world. D. Persuading governments to invest it.
3. Which aspects does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss about developing the flying car
A. The designs. B. Future development.
C. Different comments. D. The challenges.
4. What can we learn according to Mr. Fukuzawa
A. He doesn't think the flying cars will be promoted.
B. The flying cars will be able to fly two passengers by 2023.
C. He is optimistic about the use of the flying cars in the future.
D. He isn't certain about the future of the flying cars.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kites have been used by some very famous people. Leonardo da Vinci was one of them. He is best known as an artist. But he was also a scientist. In the late 1400s, he began to study flight. At first, he studied birds and flew kites. ①_____ His interest in kites may have led him to study clouds and airflow.
Most people know Ben Franklin. In the mid -1700s, he flew a kite in a thunderstorm. He thought that lightning was a form of electricity. He was right! ②_____ With the kite and key, Franklin proved that lightning is electricity.
The Niagara Falls International Rainbow Bridge was built with the help of a boy and his kite. The bridge was built in the mid－1800s. ③_____ But cliffs (悬崖), rapids , and winds made this very hard. Someone thought that the problem might be solved by flying a kite over the gorge (峡谷). So a contest was held. A prize would be given to the first person to fly a kite across the Niagara Gorge. ④_____ He flew his kite from the Canadian side high over the river. It fell on the American side but the string had broken. Homan had to wait eight days for the ice to clear from the river so he could go to the American side and get his kite back. ⑤_____ Once again, he flew his kite and it dropped to the American side. This time it was caught and tied to a tree. The builders secured the kite string. Then, they began to add heavier and heavier lines. Finally , a steel cable (钢索) stretched across the gorge. Now, they could begin to build the bridge.
A. Kites were the inspiration for his art.
B. Lightning hit the kite and a key hanging from it.
C. The winner was a young boy named Homan Walsh.
D. To start, the builders had to get a line over the water.
E. For all of his trouble, Homan received the $5.00 prize.
F. He repaired the string and returned to the Canadian side.
G. He also drew some designs for flying machines from these studies.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My twin sister and I studied in the same school for ten years. The first day we entered the campus, we were 1 by its beauty and bright-colored stone sculptures of fairies (精灵) that 2 there.
As we got older, I discovered the school wasn’t always where beauty was an everyday 3 . The weather-beaten stone statues badly needed 4 . However, there weren’t enough staff to get everything done.
I decided to do something to give the campus a new 5 . My sister had a similar idea and we came up with a plan to secretly 6 the school. Having carefully worked out a project, we got 7 from the administration (管理层) to do it.
We first painted the stone sculptures, refreshing the few remaining fairies. To bring 8 and magic to the campus, we painted on the doors of the boy’s and the girl’s bathrooms the sun and moon representation 9 designed by my sister.
The tree by the school gate was dead and its bare branches were 10 , leaving only the trunk. The young schoolmates were 11 by the loss of this tree and the trunk left was a sad 12 to them of the once-living tree. 13 transforming this trunk into a fairy house for visiting fairies to stop by and have a little snack, I put little 14 in the house so that the children could look into the little fairy kitchen while walking by. While cutting and shaping the trunk took many hours, it was well worth it for we 15 a wound in our natural environment.
Everything done, we smiled heartily looking around the fantastic “new” school.
1.A.educated B.struck C.relaxed D.disturbed
2.A.settled B.visited C.worked D.chatted
3.A.routine B.habit C.expectation D.purpose
4.A.removing B.replacing C.wrapping D.painting
5.A.chance B.look C.background D.culture
6.A.explore B.publicize C.beautify D.protect
7.A.permission B.reward C.promise D.concern
8.A.security B.honesty C.politeness D.imagination
9.A.proudly B.bravely C.artfully D.anxiously
10.A.turned in B.cut off C.picked out D.given up
11.A.astonished B.disappointed C.annoyed D.upset
12.A.flag B.reminder C.tool D.start
13.A.Instead of B.In hope of C.In addition to D.In spite of
14.A.windows B.bells C.handles D.curtains
15.A.recorded B.hid C.cured D.spotted
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Plastic has polluted the countryside and been ①_____ threat to wildlife for decades. In the last century or so, environmentalists have urged us ②_____ (cut) the amount of plastic we use or recycle the plastic bags. However, with only less than 14 percent of the total amount recycled, people are still struggling with plastic pollution ③_____ (global).
There may be a solution. Recently scientists have made a biodegradable (可降解的) plastic, ④_____means the billions of plastic bags, cups, straws, etc. that we throw away each day could be recycled. ⑤_____ (compare) with ordinary plastics, they could break down as naturally as organic waste. They could do it within a few weeks, ⑥_____ (use) just heat and water. The new, biodegradable plastic has polyester-eating enzymes (酶) inside it. When these enzymes are exposed ⑦_____ heat and water, they eat away at the plastic and turn it into “food” for the soil. Professor Ting Xu said up to 98 per cent of the plastic her team made reduced into tiny pieces. She said: “The study gives us a ⑧_____ (believe) that this continuing problem of single-use plastics can ⑨_____ (solve) in the near future.” She added: “Look at all the wasted stuff we throw away—clothing, shoes, electronics....We are taking things from the earth at a ⑩_____ (fast) rate than we can return them.”
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你校英文报将举办题为"My Favorite Chinese Scientist"的征文活动,请你写一篇文章投稿,要点包括:
1.科学家简介;
2.该科学家的贡献;
3.对你的影响。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Favorite Chinese Scientist
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.阅读下面短文,根据其内容和所给段落的开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago I loaned a girl some cash as she badly needed some work done to her car. We eventually worked in different cities but remained friends. About a year later she sent me a card thanking me for helping out and repaid me, which I had never expected from her. The $250 she gave me was nice to have, but honestly was not needed, nor did I expect her to repay me.
About a week after I had been given this cash, I went on a late night food run with a friend, when I encountered a homeless man who was taking shelter from the less than pleasant weather we were having at the time. The homeless man who was sitting at a table next to us was told by the waitress that he couldn't be there if he didn't order anything. I overheard him ask how much a cup of coffee was, counted the few dollars he had in his pocket, and a little reluctantly ordered coffee so he could stay inside.
As I heard all of this, and thinking of the cash I had just received but didn't need, I felt this might be someone I could help. So I engaged the man in some conversation, because I know most people who are homeless don't get the benefit of casual conversation very often. I learned he was aged 45 and had previously worked as a tree trimmer(修剪工) off the books. Unfortunately about a year ago he fell while working and badly hurt his back and was no longer able to work until he got his back medically addressed. After about 10—15 minutes of conversation I told him that if he felt comfortable accepting my offer, I would buy him whatever food off the menu he wanted. He resisted because he didn't want to trouble me. I insisted he accept my offer because everyone deserves a warm meal. He eventually accepted and ordered something simple.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After paying the bills, I pulled $250 out of my wallet and folded it into my pocket. ________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With tears in his eyes, the homeless man insisted he get my phone number so he could repay me some day. ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DDA
B
答案：1-4 DABA
故选A。
C
答案：1-4 AACB
D
答案：1-4 ABDC
第二节
答案：ABDCF
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D; 5.B; 6.C; 7.A; 8.D; 9.C; 10.B; 11.D; 12.B; 13.B; 14.A; 15.C第二节
第二节
答案：①a ②to cut ③globally ④which ⑤Compared ⑥using ⑦to ⑧belief ⑨be solved ⑩faster
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
My Favorite Chinese Scientist
My favorite Chinese scientist is Yuan Longping,the "father of hybrid rice".As one of China's most famous scientists,Yuan devoted himself to studying agriculture.His hybrid strains have helped feed not just China but many other countries that depend on rice as well.
He received numerous awards, but he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead,he made large donations to support agricultural research.
Yuan's great contributions to human beings and his noble personality have impressed me deeply, which motivates me to be excellent.
第二节
答案：
paragraph1:
After paying the bills, I pulled $250 out of my wallet and folded it into my pocket. As my friend and I got up to leave, he again thanked me for the kindness and the conversation.】I shook his hand, looked him dead in the eye, and handed him the $250. I told him he was a good man who had some terrible luck and nothing more, hoping this would be a big step in a better direction for him.(在作者要离开时,把250美元送给了这个无家可归的人,希望可以帮助到他)
paragraph2:
With tears in his eyes, the homeless man insisted he get my phone number so he could repay me some day. I told him that how he could repay me was some day when he saw someone who needed help and he was in a position to help, and let the love pass on. I wished him the best in his path forward, and left with my friend, feeling that we can take action to help make the world around us better.
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable, easily available, and most importantly, environmentally sustainable. The one thing it is not, is transparent! Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholm’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology the material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list. Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berglund said he was inspired to create the transparent wood after learning how Japanese researchers had developed a see-through paper for use in flexible display screens for electronic devices. The team began by pulling out the wood’s lignin (木质素). The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer (聚合物) and baked at a temperature of 158°F for four hours. The result was a hybrid product that was not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also, almost transparent. The researchers were able to adjust the level of transparency by varying the amount of the polymer injected and also by changing the thickness of the wood.
While scientists have previously created a see-through wood for small-scale applications like computer chips, the transparent wood is the first one being considered for large scale applications. The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the transparent wood in buildings to allow for more natural light, or to create windows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrificing privacy.
Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildings. Berglund also thinks the wood could play a significant role in the design of solar panels. The semitransparent material would be able to keep light longer and give it more time to interact with the conductor, thus resulting in better solar efficiency. Additionally, substituting the currently used glass with this new product would help solar energy manufacturers improve their carbon footprint and lower the cost. They are now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.
1. What does the underlined part “that feature” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Cheap. B. Durable. C. Sustainable. D. Transparent.
2. Which of the following is true according to the text
A. Berglund got the idea of transparent wood while making paper.
B. Varying the amount of the polymer changes the wood’s hardness.
C. The transparent wood would be used only for homes and buildings.
D. The cost of making the transparent wood still needs to be cut down.
3. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The bright future of the transparent wood.
B. The wood’s role in the design of solar panels.
C. The disadvantages of the currently used glass.
D. Solar energy manufacturers’ carbon footprint.
B
On December 17, 1903, two men flew. They were brothers from Dayton, Ohio, and they owned a bicycle shop. They had attended school, but neither had graduated from high school. Their names were Wilbur and Orville Wright. Before they built the plane they studied all that was known about flying. They built a wind tunnel（风洞）and tested many wings. Then they drew plans and built carefully.
When they flew, it was from Kill Devil Hillat Kitty Hawk. That day, Orville won the toss（投）of a coin. He got to fly first. Wilbur ran beside him；the plane lifted a few feet above the sand and stayed in the air for 17 seconds. The brothers flew four flights that day. The longest lasted 59 seconds. The men from the lifeboat station had taken a picture.
The headlines in the morning newspaper in nearby Norfolk told of the flight, but most of the details in the story were wrong. The brothers were worried, but it didn't matter: no one paid attention. And other newspapers didn't carry the story.
Orville and Wilbur went home and set to improve（改进）their plane. In 1904 newspaper reporters came to see for themselves. The Wright brothers checked and tested everything again and again.
When the reporters arrived, the brothers were having mechanical problems with the plane. The reporters stayed two days. The Wright brothers wouldn't fly on those days；the plane wasn't ready. The reporters left. One writer did stay and see them fly. He wrote down the first long article about the Wright brothers' flight in a beekeepers' magazine!
In 1908, in Virginia, Orville showed Americans that people could fly. The crowd of watchers rushed forward shouting as loudly as they could and couldn't believe what they saw.
1. What can we learn about the Wright brothers
A. They started to build a plane in 1903. B. They studied very well in high school.
C. They invented different kinds of wings. D. They were the owners of a bicycle shop.
2. Why did Orville get to fly the plane first
A. He won after throwing a coin. B. He was asked to do that by Wilbur.
C. He could run faster than Wilbur did D. He had more courage than Wilbur did
3. The newspaper article about their first flight_________.
A. was widely discussed B. got most details wrong
C. made the Wrights very happy D. was carried by many other newspapers
4. Why did the Wright brothers fail to fly on the first few days after the reporters arrived in 1904
A. They needed to fix the plane.
B. They didn't get enough support.
C. They were expecting more reporters.
D. They didn't think the weather was suitable enough.
C
For years, scientists have been mapping this remote forest in Montana for an animal that’s extremely tricky to find. Camera traps haven’t offered convincing evidence, and even experts can’t identify its tracks with certainty. But within the past decades, researchers have developed a technique called DNA metabarcoding that can detect even the most hidden species.
The world is covered in DNA. It’s all around us — on the ground, down in the ocean and up in the clouds, which begins to break down once exposed to the environment. In 2018, scientists took a sample from some well-beaten snow tracks. Lab tests showed conclusive results: the Canada lynx (山猫) was indeed present in the area. Without seeing the cat, scientists had proof it was there because of environmental DNA or eDNA.
The process of DNA metabarcoding starts with an environmental sample like a bit of soil or the blood from leeches’ (水蛭) stomachs. Researchers use enzymes (酶) that break down cellular proteins and release DNA, which they purify. The result is a “soup” of all the DNA in the sample. Scientists then apply the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which uses artificial DNA thread called universal primers. These primers bind to DNA sequences (序列) that are similar across species, then enlarge genetic barcodes (条形码) that are species-specific. A special device reads millions of these DNA parts. Finally, researchers compare them to reference databases and identify how many and which species are present.
This method has led to the discovery and identification of tens of thousands of species over the past decade. In Yosemite, researchers used eDNA to track and remove aggressive bullfrogs. DNA metabarcoding can also be used to monitor biodiversity. For example, using traditional approaches, categorizing all of the insects in a hectare of rainforest can take decades, but DNA from insect traps could produce these results in just a few months.
1. How can DNA metabarcoding help researchers
A. By helping spot hidden animals.
B. By replacing camera’s functions.
C. By mapping remote forests accurately.
D. By setting up traps to catch animals more easily.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 2
A. eDNA metabarcoding’s application is convincing.
B. DNA forms and disappears around us in a mysterious way.
C. Scientists did see the Canada lynx in the area.
D. Seeing things with our own eyes is not necessary.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The wide uses of an environmental sample.
B. The vital role chemistry plays in DNA metabarcoding.
C. The steps of carrying out a DNA metabarcoding analysis.
D. Scientists’ efforts in developing a device to read DNA parts.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards DNA metabarcoding
A. Suspicious. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Critical.
D
Recently, a company called SkyDrive gave a test of its new flying car, the SD-03. The small car flew at an altitude of around 6 feet around up to four minutes. The SD-03 is powered by batteries and has 8 motors, which lift it straight off the ground. Since flying cars don't use runways, they need to be able to take off and land by going straight up or down. Its breakthrough was that a pilot was on board. Tomohiro Fukuzawa, who leads SkyDrive, said, "Of the world's more than 100 flying car projects, only a handful has succeeded with a person on board."
The world's leading companies are investing (投资) heavily to work on more advanced flying cars of their own. That includes airplane makers like Airbus and Boeing, car makers like Toyota, Hyundai, and Porsche, and ride services like Uber. Some governments, including Japan's, are supporting the idea, hoping that in the future, flying cars will be useful for short trips like taxi rides in cities. Flying cars could also save time in emergencies, and help reach some places that can't be reached by road.
However, controlling a flying car is so complex that most people won't be able to do it. Even SkyDrive's test flight was kept stable by an automatic (自动的) computer system, and a backup team stood ready to control the car from the ground. Besides, safety is a major problem. What happens when a motor fails That's a reason why the SD-03 has eight motors-as backups. All realities have led many companies to take a wait-and-see approach to developing flying cars. But people who believe in flying cars point out that cars and airplanes faced lots of challenges at first, too and that with time, many of the big problems were settled eventually.
Mr. Fukuzawa wants SkyDrive to be able to fly two passengers on trips of up to 3 miles by 2023. By 2050, he hopes people will be able to fly anywhere inside Tokyo in just 10 minutes. ''I think flying cars will become normal in the near future, " he says.
1. What made the SD-03's test flight by SkyDrive special
A. It was the first manned flying car. B. It landed without using a runway.
C. It flew much longer than expected. D. It was powered by batteries.
2. What are the famous companies like Airbus doing about the flying car
A. Uniting to design it together. B. Developing it independently.
C. Promoting it all over the world. D. Persuading governments to invest it.
3. Which aspects does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss about developing the flying car
A. The designs. B. Future development.
C. Different comments. D. The challenges.
4. What can we learn according to Mr. Fukuzawa
A. He doesn't think the flying cars will be promoted.
B. The flying cars will be able to fly two passengers by 2023.
C. He is optimistic about the use of the flying cars in the future.
D. He isn't certain about the future of the flying cars.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kites have been used by some very famous people. Leonardo da Vinci was one of them. He is best known as an artist. But he was also a scientist. In the late 1400s, he began to study flight. At first, he studied birds and flew kites. ①_____ His interest in kites may have led him to study clouds and airflow.
Most people know Ben Franklin. In the mid -1700s, he flew a kite in a thunderstorm. He thought that lightning was a form of electricity. He was right! ②_____ With the kite and key, Franklin proved that lightning is electricity.
The Niagara Falls International Rainbow Bridge was built with the help of a boy and his kite. The bridge was built in the mid－1800s. ③_____ But cliffs (悬崖), rapids , and winds made this very hard. Someone thought that the problem might be solved by flying a kite over the gorge (峡谷). So a contest was held. A prize would be given to the first person to fly a kite across the Niagara Gorge. ④_____ He flew his kite from the Canadian side high over the river. It fell on the American side but the string had broken. Homan had to wait eight days for the ice to clear from the river so he could go to the American side and get his kite back. ⑤_____ Once again, he flew his kite and it dropped to the American side. This time it was caught and tied to a tree. The builders secured the kite string. Then, they began to add heavier and heavier lines. Finally , a steel cable (钢索) stretched across the gorge. Now, they could begin to build the bridge.
A. Kites were the inspiration for his art.
B. Lightning hit the kite and a key hanging from it.
C. The winner was a young boy named Homan Walsh.
D. To start, the builders had to get a line over the water.
E. For all of his trouble, Homan received the $5.00 prize.
F. He repaired the string and returned to the Canadian side.
G. He also drew some designs for flying machines from these studies.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My twin sister and I studied in the same school for ten years. The first day we entered the campus, we were 1 by its beauty and bright-colored stone sculptures of fairies (精灵) that 2 there.
As we got older, I discovered the school wasn’t always where beauty was an everyday 3 . The weather-beaten stone statues badly needed 4 . However, there weren’t enough staff to get everything done.
I decided to do something to give the campus a new 5 . My sister had a similar idea and we came up with a plan to secretly 6 the school. Having carefully worked out a project, we got 7 from the administration (管理层) to do it.
We first painted the stone sculptures, refreshing the few remaining fairies. To bring 8 and magic to the campus, we painted on the doors of the boy’s and the girl’s bathrooms the sun and moon representation 9 designed by my sister.
The tree by the school gate was dead and its bare branches were 10 , leaving only the trunk. The young schoolmates were 11 by the loss of this tree and the trunk left was a sad 12 to them of the once-living tree. 13 transforming this trunk into a fairy house for visiting fairies to stop by and have a little snack, I put little 14 in the house so that the children could look into the little fairy kitchen while walking by. While cutting and shaping the trunk took many hours, it was well worth it for we 15 a wound in our natural environment.
Everything done, we smiled heartily looking around the fantastic “new” school.
1.A.educated B.struck C.relaxed D.disturbed
2.A.settled B.visited C.worked D.chatted
3.A.routine B.habit C.expectation D.purpose
4.A.removing B.replacing C.wrapping D.painting
5.A.chance B.look C.background D.culture
6.A.explore B.publicize C.beautify D.protect
7.A.permission B.reward C.promise D.concern
8.A.security B.honesty C.politeness D.imagination
9.A.proudly B.bravely C.artfully D.anxiously
10.A.turned in B.cut off C.picked out D.given up
11.A.astonished B.disappointed C.annoyed D.upset
12.A.flag B.reminder C.tool D.start
13.A.Instead of B.In hope of C.In addition to D.In spite of
14.A.windows B.bells C.handles D.curtains
15.A.recorded B.hid C.cured D.spotted
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Plastic has polluted the countryside and been ①_____ threat to wildlife for decades. In the last century or so, environmentalists have urged us ②_____ (cut) the amount of plastic we use or recycle the plastic bags. However, with only less than 14 percent of the total amount recycled, people are still struggling with plastic pollution ③_____ (global).
There may be a solution. Recently scientists have made a biodegradable (可降解的) plastic, ④_____means the billions of plastic bags, cups, straws, etc. that we throw away each day could be recycled. ⑤_____ (compare) with ordinary plastics, they could break down as naturally as organic waste. They could do it within a few weeks, ⑥_____ (use) just heat and water. The new, biodegradable plastic has polyester-eating enzymes (酶) inside it. When these enzymes are exposed ⑦_____ heat and water, they eat away at the plastic and turn it into “food” for the soil. Professor Ting Xu said up to 98 per cent of the plastic her team made reduced into tiny pieces. She said: “The study gives us a ⑧_____ (believe) that this continuing problem of single-use plastics can ⑨_____ (solve) in the near future.” She added: “Look at all the wasted stuff we throw away—clothing, shoes, electronics....We are taking things from the earth at a ⑩_____ (fast) rate than we can return them.”
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你校英文报将举办题为"My Favorite Chinese Scientist"的征文活动,请你写一篇文章投稿,要点包括:
1.科学家简介;
2.该科学家的贡献;
3.对你的影响。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Favorite Chinese Scientist
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.阅读下面短文,根据其内容和所给段落的开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago I loaned a girl some cash as she badly needed some work done to her car. We eventually worked in different cities but remained friends. About a year later she sent me a card thanking me for helping out and repaid me, which I had never expected from her. The $250 she gave me was nice to have, but honestly was not needed, nor did I expect her to repay me.
About a week after I had been given this cash, I went on a late night food run with a friend, when I encountered a homeless man who was taking shelter from the less than pleasant weather we were having at the time. The homeless man who was sitting at a table next to us was told by the waitress that he couldn't be there if he didn't order anything. I overheard him ask how much a cup of coffee was, counted the few dollars he had in his pocket, and a little reluctantly ordered coffee so he could stay inside.
As I heard all of this, and thinking of the cash I had just received but didn't need, I felt this might be someone I could help. So I engaged the man in some conversation, because I know most people who are homeless don't get the benefit of casual conversation very often. I learned he was aged 45 and had previously worked as a tree trimmer(修剪工) off the books. Unfortunately about a year ago he fell while working and badly hurt his back and was no longer able to work until he got his back medically addressed. After about 10—15 minutes of conversation I told him that if he felt comfortable accepting my offer, I would buy him whatever food off the menu he wanted. He resisted because he didn't want to trouble me. I insisted he accept my offer because everyone deserves a warm meal. He eventually accepted and ordered something simple.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After paying the bills, I pulled $250 out of my wallet and folded it into my pocket. ________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With tears in his eyes, the homeless man insisted he get my phone number so he could repay me some day. ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DDA
B
答案：1-4 DABA
故选A。
C
答案：1-4 AACB
D
答案：1-4 ABDC
第二节
答案：ABDCF
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D; 5.B; 6.C; 7.A; 8.D; 9.C; 10.B; 11.D; 12.B; 13.B; 14.A; 15.C第二节
第二节
答案：①a ②to cut ③globally ④which ⑤Compared ⑥using ⑦to ⑧belief ⑨be solved ⑩faster
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
My Favorite Chinese Scientist
My favorite Chinese scientist is Yuan Longping,the "father of hybrid rice".As one of China's most famous scientists,Yuan devoted himself to studying agriculture.His hybrid strains have helped feed not just China but many other countries that depend on rice as well.
He received numerous awards, but he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead,he made large donations to support agricultural research.
Yuan's great contributions to human beings and his noble personality have impressed me deeply, which motivates me to be excellent.
第二节
答案：
paragraph1:
After paying the bills, I pulled $250 out of my wallet and folded it into my pocket. As my friend and I got up to leave, he again thanked me for the kindness and the conversation.】I shook his hand, looked him dead in the eye, and handed him the $250. I told him he was a good man who had some terrible luck and nothing more, hoping this would be a big step in a better direction for him.(在作者要离开时,把250美元送给了这个无家可归的人,希望可以帮助到他)
paragraph2:
With tears in his eyes, the homeless man insisted he get my phone number so he could repay me some day. I told him that how he could repay me was some day when he saw someone who needed help and he was in a position to help, and let the love pass on. I wished him the best in his path forward, and left with my friend, feeling that we can take action to help make the world around us better.