人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions课件-(22张ppt)
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(共40张PPT)
选必2： Unit1 Science and Scientists
Words and Expressions
severe diseases 严重的疾病
a severe shortage of food/water 严重的食物/水资源短缺
severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地
severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；艰难的
simple - simply
true - truly
(教材P2)This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.
这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。
①The president came under ________________________ (严厉的批评) for his inability to tackle the crisis.
②A fire has ____________ (severe) damaged the warehouse.
Practice
severe criticism
severely
(教材P2)In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
词汇变形
contradict v．反驳；否认；与……相矛盾
contradiction n．抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法
①We are faced with two apparently ________ (contradict) statements.
②People found this sort of ________ (contradict) reality hard to accept.
contradictory
contradictory
(教材P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。
(1)infect vt.使感染；传染
infect...with...把……传染给……；用……感染……
be infected with感染上……，传染上……
e.g. Some people can be infected with the disease and have mild symptoms.
有些人可能感染了这种疾病，症状轻微。
(2)infected adj.感染病菌的 an infected wound/cut 受感染的伤口
(3)infectious adj.感染的，传染性的 an infectious disease 传染病
infection n．感染；传染
Practice
①White blood cells fight ________ (infect).
②Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected ________ the flu.
infection
with
(教材P2)It was correct, but he still needed proof.
这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。
知识拓展
further proof进一步的证据
without proof没有证据
scientific proof科学证据
living proof活生生的证明
There is proof that...有证据证明……
①They say they have scientific proof ________ the treatment works.
proof n．证据；证明；检验
-proof 后缀 防......；抗......
a waterproof/wind-proof jacket
一件防水/防风夹克
that
(教材P2)There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40).
宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号住宅)。
词性拓展：multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加；繁殖
multiple choice questions 多选题
multiply A by B A乘以B
①The director won ________ (multiply) awards for the movie.②If you multiply 7 ________ 3, you will get 21.
multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 n．[C]倍数
multiple
by
household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
(教材P2)However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.
但有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。
poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭
household bills/expenses 家庭账单/开支
household goods/products 家庭用品
household chores 家务活
a household name 一个家喻户晓的名字
电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4台上升到2007年的每户13台。
The average number of electronic devices rose from four ____________________ in 1992 to 13 in 2007.
per household
(教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
The police suspect him of occupying the house illegally.
警察怀疑他非法占据了这栋房子。
I suspected the note to be a fake.
我怀疑这张纸币是假的。
Some people suspected him ________ theft.
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
of
总结：“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”结构：
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病
单句语法填空/完成句子
(1). blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事
blame sth. on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任
(2). take/bear the blame for... 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth. on... 把某事归咎于……
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She doesn't blame anyone ___ her father's death.
②The narrator was ________ (blame) for the wrong interpretation.
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
for
to blame
(教材P2)Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed...于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手……
(1)the handle of a knife 刀柄
(2)handle a problem 处理问题
①The police are expert at ________ (handle) conflicts like this.②Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how ________ (handle) other people.
handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理(＝deal with)；(用手)触，拿，搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
handling
to handle
link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(教材P3)Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
(1)a link between...(and...) (……与)……之间的联系/纽带
There is a link between... and... ……和……之间有联系
(2) 把A与B连接/联系起来
be linked with/to 与……有联系/有关
Is there a link between poverty and crime
贫穷和犯罪之间有关系吗？
This old Silk Road linked China to/with the West in ancient times.
这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。
总结：“把……与……连接/联系起来”的其他表达法：
be related to, be involved in, be associated with, have something to do with, be connected with, connect...with/to...
①Regular air traffic links the city ________ the rest of the country.②High unemployment is not necessarily linked ________ the rise in prices.
to/with
to/with
(教材P3) …the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. ……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
(1)a decrease in... 在……方面减少
on the decrease 在减少(反义短语：on the increase在增加)
(2)decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by... 减少了……(表示减少的量)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The number of students in each class is ______ the decrease.
②The decrease _____ sales was almost 20 percent.
③The production of wheat has decreased ______ 20% because of the dry weather.
decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
on
in
by
creative thinking 创造性思维
critical thinking 批判性思维
thinking n．思想；思维；见解
①________________ (独立思考) is a necessary skill for all leaders.
Independent thinking
the findings of the survey 调查发现
findings 研究结果
finding n．发现；调查结果；研究结果；(法律)判决
①The ________ (find) ________ the committee will be published tomorrow.
findings
of
an initial investment of ￡5，000 5 000英镑的初始投资 the initial stage/phase/period最初阶段initially adv.开始；最初；起初 initially perfect 初步完善①
My ________ (initially) reaction was to refuse.②She came ________ (initial) to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month.
initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 n．(姓名的)首字母
initial
initially
a solid foundation 坚实的基础 solid food 固体食物
He laid ________________ (坚实的基础) for his future career.
solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
a solid foundation
①The moon ________ (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.
cast vt.(cast, cast)投射(光、影子等)；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 n．投，掷，抛(钓线)；全体演员
cast
cast a shadow 投影 in the shadow of 在……阴影下
①Her face was ________________________________ (被暗影遮掩).
shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
hidden in deep shadow
pour in 使流入，使灌入 pour sth. into... 把某物倒进……pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下 pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉
①I poured the milk from the bottle ________ the cups.②We were sailing on the sea when it suddenly poured ________．
pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) vi.(雨)倾盆而下，下大雨
into
down
1. defend...from/against (doing)... 保护…免受…
2. defend oneself against sth. 保护自己不受...；为自己辩护
词形拓展
defence n．防御；辩护；保卫
in defence of为保卫……；为……辩护 in sb.'s defence为某人辩护
defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的
defend vt.保卫，保护；防御，防守；辩解；为……辩护
①All the policemen have been trained to ________________________ (保护他们自己免受) the sudden attacks.②Our duty is to ____________________________________________ (保卫国家不受) its enemies.
Practice
defend themselves from/against
defend our country/motherland from/against
assist v. 帮助；援助；协助assistance n. 帮助；援助
①I have such a good command of English that I am elected as ________ (assistance) to my English teacher.②
I got in trouble and she came ____ my ________ (assistant) immediately.
assistant n．助理；助手
assistant
to
assistance
in the abstract 抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory) n．(文献等的)摘要
(1)abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念
(2)make an abstract of... 把……的要点摘录下来
①I like dogs ________ the abstract, but I can't bear this one.②You should make ________ abstract of what the professor says.
abstract adj.抽象的；理性的(反义词：concrete具体的)
in
an
be one's fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 找茬儿；挑错；挑剔
It's one's fault for (doing) sth. (做)某事是某人的过失。
It's one's fault that... …是某人的过失。
①The more experienced you are, the easier it is to find fault ________ other people's ideas.②If my memory was not ________ fault, it was Thursday.
fault n．弱点，缺点；过错，过失；缺陷，毛病，故障
with
at
a shift in sth. 某方面的转变
a shift of emphasis 重点的转移
be on the day/night shift at the factory 在工厂上白班/夜班
shift...to...把……转移到……
①After the guard recovered from his injury, he went on the night shift again.___________②Lend me a hand to shift this box, will you？____________
shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
名词，轮班
动词，挪动
a vivid description 生动的描述
give a vivid account of... 生动描述
vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
describe...vividly生动地描述……
①The characters in the book are ________ (vivid) presented.②Clare was ____________________ (最活跃的成员) of the family.
vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
vividly
the most vivid member
1. once and for all最终地；彻底地
(教材P2)．..he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
……他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
总结关于all的一些短语：
first of all 首先(强调顺序)
in all (＝in total＝altogether) 总共
after all 毕竟，终究
at all 到底，根本
above all 最重要的是
The archaeologist will explain the theory ______________.
这个考古学家将彻底地解释这个理论。
第二版块 词组
once and for all.
(教材P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。
2.subscribe to同意；赞同；订阅
subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志
subscribe to a view 赞同一个观点
subscribe to a theory 赞同一个理论
①Only mad people would _________________ such views.只有疯子才会赞同这种观点。(2)定期订购/订阅等；定期捐助②I would like to ______________ a Dictionary of American Slang.我要订一本《美国俚语词典》。
subscribe to
subscribe to
(教材P3)Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防
3. thanks to幸亏；由于
You can use cheese in place of/instead of butter in some recipes.
因为
as a result of
owing to
because of后常接人或事物，强调某事发生的原因
thanks to 通常用于好的方面，译为“多亏”
due to较正式用语，常用于官方、公开声明中。
①The fire broke ________ during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured.
break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
out
(1)take charge of 主管；负责
in/under the charge of 由……负责/掌管
(2)charge sb. for sth. 因某事/某物向某人收费
free of charge (＝for free) 免费
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事
①Could I speak to whoever is ________ charge of International Sales, please ②The kitchen is in ________ charge of the cook.
in charge of主管；掌管
in
the
He __________________ a bad cold last week. 上星期，他得了重感冒。
come down with患(病)；染上(小病)
came down with
above all最重要的是；尤其是
________________, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。
Above all,
根据所给词性和汉意写出下面各英语单词的拓展形式
1．hydration n．水合作用→__________n．脱水
2．frustrate vt.使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧→________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→________ adj.令人沮丧的→________ n．挫折，失败
3．contradict v．批驳；驳斥→_________ n．矛盾；对立→________ adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
4．decrease n．减少；降低→_______ v．& n．增加
5．infect vt.使感染；传染→________ n．感染；传染→________ adj.传染的；易传染的
6．prove v．证明，证明是→______ n．证据；证明；检验
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
dehydration
frustrated
frustrating
frustration
contradiction
contradictory
increase
infection
infectious
proof
7．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 n．(数学中的)倍数，(英)连锁商店→________ vt.乘 vi.繁殖，增殖→__________ n．增高，增殖；乘法
8．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→________ adj.怀疑的；可疑的，令人怀疑的
9．intervene v．出面；介入→__________ n．介入；出面；干涉
10．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→______ adj.不纯净的，不纯洁的→______/________ n．单纯；纯净→______ adv.全然地，仅仅是，单单地
11．substance n．物质→________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
12．microscope n．显微镜→________ n．望远镜
13．epidemic n．流行病→__________ n．流行病学
14．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人→________ n．家务
multiply
multiplication
suspicious
intervention
impure
purity
pureness
substantial
telescope
epidemiology
housework
purely
15．defense n．保卫，防守→________ vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defensive adj.防卫的，防守的
16．assist v．辅助；帮助→________ n．助理；助手
17．leader n．领导人＋ ship(名词后缀：身份，地位)→________ n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
18．gift n．礼物；天赋→_
____ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
defend
assistant
leadership
gifted
选必2： Unit1 Science and Scientists
Words and Expressions
severe diseases 严重的疾病
a severe shortage of food/water 严重的食物/水资源短缺
severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地
severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；艰难的
simple - simply
true - truly
(教材P2)This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.
这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。
①The president came under ________________________ (严厉的批评) for his inability to tackle the crisis.
②A fire has ____________ (severe) damaged the warehouse.
Practice
severe criticism
severely
(教材P2)In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
词汇变形
contradict v．反驳；否认；与……相矛盾
contradiction n．抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法
①We are faced with two apparently ________ (contradict) statements.
②People found this sort of ________ (contradict) reality hard to accept.
contradictory
contradictory
(教材P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。
(1)infect vt.使感染；传染
infect...with...把……传染给……；用……感染……
be infected with感染上……，传染上……
e.g. Some people can be infected with the disease and have mild symptoms.
有些人可能感染了这种疾病，症状轻微。
(2)infected adj.感染病菌的 an infected wound/cut 受感染的伤口
(3)infectious adj.感染的，传染性的 an infectious disease 传染病
infection n．感染；传染
Practice
①White blood cells fight ________ (infect).
②Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected ________ the flu.
infection
with
(教材P2)It was correct, but he still needed proof.
这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。
知识拓展
further proof进一步的证据
without proof没有证据
scientific proof科学证据
living proof活生生的证明
There is proof that...有证据证明……
①They say they have scientific proof ________ the treatment works.
proof n．证据；证明；检验
-proof 后缀 防......；抗......
a waterproof/wind-proof jacket
一件防水/防风夹克
that
(教材P2)There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40).
宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号住宅)。
词性拓展：multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加；繁殖
multiple choice questions 多选题
multiply A by B A乘以B
①The director won ________ (multiply) awards for the movie.②If you multiply 7 ________ 3, you will get 21.
multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 n．[C]倍数
multiple
by
household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
(教材P2)However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.
但有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。
poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭
household bills/expenses 家庭账单/开支
household goods/products 家庭用品
household chores 家务活
a household name 一个家喻户晓的名字
电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4台上升到2007年的每户13台。
The average number of electronic devices rose from four ____________________ in 1992 to 13 in 2007.
per household
(教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
The police suspect him of occupying the house illegally.
警察怀疑他非法占据了这栋房子。
I suspected the note to be a fake.
我怀疑这张纸币是假的。
Some people suspected him ________ theft.
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
of
总结：“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”结构：
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病
单句语法填空/完成句子
(1). blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事
blame sth. on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任
(2). take/bear the blame for... 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth. on... 把某事归咎于……
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She doesn't blame anyone ___ her father's death.
②The narrator was ________ (blame) for the wrong interpretation.
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
for
to blame
(教材P2)Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed...于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手……
(1)the handle of a knife 刀柄
(2)handle a problem 处理问题
①The police are expert at ________ (handle) conflicts like this.②Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how ________ (handle) other people.
handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理(＝deal with)；(用手)触，拿，搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
handling
to handle
link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(教材P3)Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
(1)a link between...(and...) (……与)……之间的联系/纽带
There is a link between... and... ……和……之间有联系
(2) 把A与B连接/联系起来
be linked with/to 与……有联系/有关
Is there a link between poverty and crime
贫穷和犯罪之间有关系吗？
This old Silk Road linked China to/with the West in ancient times.
这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。
总结：“把……与……连接/联系起来”的其他表达法：
be related to, be involved in, be associated with, have something to do with, be connected with, connect...with/to...
①Regular air traffic links the city ________ the rest of the country.②High unemployment is not necessarily linked ________ the rise in prices.
to/with
to/with
(教材P3) …the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. ……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
(1)a decrease in... 在……方面减少
on the decrease 在减少(反义短语：on the increase在增加)
(2)decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by... 减少了……(表示减少的量)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The number of students in each class is ______ the decrease.
②The decrease _____ sales was almost 20 percent.
③The production of wheat has decreased ______ 20% because of the dry weather.
decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
on
in
by
creative thinking 创造性思维
critical thinking 批判性思维
thinking n．思想；思维；见解
①________________ (独立思考) is a necessary skill for all leaders.
Independent thinking
the findings of the survey 调查发现
findings 研究结果
finding n．发现；调查结果；研究结果；(法律)判决
①The ________ (find) ________ the committee will be published tomorrow.
findings
of
an initial investment of ￡5，000 5 000英镑的初始投资 the initial stage/phase/period最初阶段initially adv.开始；最初；起初 initially perfect 初步完善①
My ________ (initially) reaction was to refuse.②She came ________ (initial) to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month.
initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 n．(姓名的)首字母
initial
initially
a solid foundation 坚实的基础 solid food 固体食物
He laid ________________ (坚实的基础) for his future career.
solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
a solid foundation
①The moon ________ (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.
cast vt.(cast, cast)投射(光、影子等)；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 n．投，掷，抛(钓线)；全体演员
cast
cast a shadow 投影 in the shadow of 在……阴影下
①Her face was ________________________________ (被暗影遮掩).
shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
hidden in deep shadow
pour in 使流入，使灌入 pour sth. into... 把某物倒进……pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下 pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉
①I poured the milk from the bottle ________ the cups.②We were sailing on the sea when it suddenly poured ________．
pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) vi.(雨)倾盆而下，下大雨
into
down
1. defend...from/against (doing)... 保护…免受…
2. defend oneself against sth. 保护自己不受...；为自己辩护
词形拓展
defence n．防御；辩护；保卫
in defence of为保卫……；为……辩护 in sb.'s defence为某人辩护
defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的
defend vt.保卫，保护；防御，防守；辩解；为……辩护
①All the policemen have been trained to ________________________ (保护他们自己免受) the sudden attacks.②Our duty is to ____________________________________________ (保卫国家不受) its enemies.
Practice
defend themselves from/against
defend our country/motherland from/against
assist v. 帮助；援助；协助assistance n. 帮助；援助
①I have such a good command of English that I am elected as ________ (assistance) to my English teacher.②
I got in trouble and she came ____ my ________ (assistant) immediately.
assistant n．助理；助手
assistant
to
assistance
in the abstract 抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory) n．(文献等的)摘要
(1)abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念
(2)make an abstract of... 把……的要点摘录下来
①I like dogs ________ the abstract, but I can't bear this one.②You should make ________ abstract of what the professor says.
abstract adj.抽象的；理性的(反义词：concrete具体的)
in
an
be one's fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 找茬儿；挑错；挑剔
It's one's fault for (doing) sth. (做)某事是某人的过失。
It's one's fault that... …是某人的过失。
①The more experienced you are, the easier it is to find fault ________ other people's ideas.②If my memory was not ________ fault, it was Thursday.
fault n．弱点，缺点；过错，过失；缺陷，毛病，故障
with
at
a shift in sth. 某方面的转变
a shift of emphasis 重点的转移
be on the day/night shift at the factory 在工厂上白班/夜班
shift...to...把……转移到……
①After the guard recovered from his injury, he went on the night shift again.___________②Lend me a hand to shift this box, will you？____________
shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
名词，轮班
动词，挪动
a vivid description 生动的描述
give a vivid account of... 生动描述
vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
describe...vividly生动地描述……
①The characters in the book are ________ (vivid) presented.②Clare was ____________________ (最活跃的成员) of the family.
vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
vividly
the most vivid member
1. once and for all最终地；彻底地
(教材P2)．..he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
……他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
总结关于all的一些短语：
first of all 首先(强调顺序)
in all (＝in total＝altogether) 总共
after all 毕竟，终究
at all 到底，根本
above all 最重要的是
The archaeologist will explain the theory ______________.
这个考古学家将彻底地解释这个理论。
第二版块 词组
once and for all.
(教材P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。
2.subscribe to同意；赞同；订阅
subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志
subscribe to a view 赞同一个观点
subscribe to a theory 赞同一个理论
①Only mad people would _________________ such views.只有疯子才会赞同这种观点。(2)定期订购/订阅等；定期捐助②I would like to ______________ a Dictionary of American Slang.我要订一本《美国俚语词典》。
subscribe to
subscribe to
(教材P3)Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防
3. thanks to幸亏；由于
You can use cheese in place of/instead of butter in some recipes.
因为
as a result of
owing to
because of后常接人或事物，强调某事发生的原因
thanks to 通常用于好的方面，译为“多亏”
due to较正式用语，常用于官方、公开声明中。
①The fire broke ________ during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured.
break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
out
(1)take charge of 主管；负责
in/under the charge of 由……负责/掌管
(2)charge sb. for sth. 因某事/某物向某人收费
free of charge (＝for free) 免费
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事
①Could I speak to whoever is ________ charge of International Sales, please ②The kitchen is in ________ charge of the cook.
in charge of主管；掌管
in
the
He __________________ a bad cold last week. 上星期，他得了重感冒。
come down with患(病)；染上(小病)
came down with
above all最重要的是；尤其是
________________, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。
Above all,
根据所给词性和汉意写出下面各英语单词的拓展形式
1．hydration n．水合作用→__________n．脱水
2．frustrate vt.使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧→________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→________ adj.令人沮丧的→________ n．挫折，失败
3．contradict v．批驳；驳斥→_________ n．矛盾；对立→________ adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
4．decrease n．减少；降低→_______ v．& n．增加
5．infect vt.使感染；传染→________ n．感染；传染→________ adj.传染的；易传染的
6．prove v．证明，证明是→______ n．证据；证明；检验
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
dehydration
frustrated
frustrating
frustration
contradiction
contradictory
increase
infection
infectious
proof
7．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 n．(数学中的)倍数，(英)连锁商店→________ vt.乘 vi.繁殖，增殖→__________ n．增高，增殖；乘法
8．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→________ adj.怀疑的；可疑的，令人怀疑的
9．intervene v．出面；介入→__________ n．介入；出面；干涉
10．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→______ adj.不纯净的，不纯洁的→______/________ n．单纯；纯净→______ adv.全然地，仅仅是，单单地
11．substance n．物质→________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
12．microscope n．显微镜→________ n．望远镜
13．epidemic n．流行病→__________ n．流行病学
14．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人→________ n．家务
multiply
multiplication
suspicious
intervention
impure
purity
pureness
substantial
telescope
epidemiology
housework
purely
15．defense n．保卫，防守→________ vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defensive adj.防卫的，防守的
16．assist v．辅助；帮助→________ n．助理；助手
17．leader n．领导人＋ ship(名词后缀：身份，地位)→________ n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
18．gift n．礼物；天赋→_
____ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
defend
assistant
leadership
gifted