人教必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disaters 讲义（含答案）Words and Expressions

Unit 4 Natural Disasters Book One 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Part One - Words and Expressions
disaster [d zɑ st (r)] n. 灾难；灾害
【短语】natural disasters _________________
【词汇扩展】disastrous adj. 灾难性的
tornado [t neid n. 龙卷风；旋风
drought [dra t] n. 旱灾；久旱
landslide [ l ndsla d] n. (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
slide - slid - slid [sla d] vi./vt. (使）滑行；滑动 cn. 崩塌
tsunami [ts nɑmi] n. 海啸
flood [fl d] n. 洪水；大量 v. 灌满水；淹没；大量涌入；蜂拥而出；大量送至；充满；挤满
【短语】floods of = a flood of 大量 flood the bathroom 水淹了浴室
flood out of / into 蜂拥而出，大量涌入 flood in 大量涌入（不及物）
flood ... with ... 用...充满... flood-hit 遭遇水灾的
Tourists continue to flood _______ the little island. If your home doesn't have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place ______ brightness.
magnitude [ m ɡn tju d] n. （地）震级；重大
rescue [ reskju ]
un. 救援，营救 cn. 营救行动
【短语】rescue teams/workers/boats 救援队/人员/船 come/go to one’s rescue 来/去救某人
vt. 救援，营救
【短语】rescue ... from... 把...从...中解救出来
A real friend is the one who comes ______ your rescue in your hour of need.
The _______ team made countless _______ during the earthquake. (rescue)
damage [ d m d ]
vt. 损害，毁坏，破坏
【短语】be badly/seriously damaged 严重受损 be slightly damaged 轻微受损
un. （有形的）损失，破坏，损坏，损害，损害赔偿金（常以复数形式出现）
【短语】serious/minor damage 严重的/轻微的损坏 suffer damage 遭受伤害
do/cause damage to...对...造成损害/破坏
In fact, the hurricane did not cross the island only once, but three times, causing more and more _______ (damage) at each crossing.
David threatened to report his neighbour to the police of the _______ (damage) were not paid.
destroy [d str ] vt. 摧毁；毁灭
【词汇扩展】destroyer cn. 毁灭者，破坏者 destruction un. 毁灭，破坏
destructive adj. 毁灭性的，破坏性的
【短语】be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底摧毁
destroy one’s life/faith/hope/confidence 毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心
Habitat栖息地 _______, pollution or overfishing kills off wild creatures and plants. Earthquakes are among the most _____ natural disasters. They can strike袭击 without warning.
evacuate [ v kjue t] vi./vt. 疏散；撤出；撤离
helicopter [ hel k pt (r)] n. 直升机
death [deθ] n. 死；死亡；死亡事件
【词汇扩展】die v. 死，枯萎，凋谢，停止运转 dying adj. 临终的，垂死的
dead adj. 死去的，废弃的 n. 死人
deadly adj. 致命的，十足的，彻底的 adv. 极其，非常
【短语】cause of death 死亡原因 deaths from cancer 癌症导致的死亡人数
die of 死于...（内因） die from 死于...（外因） die for 为...而牺牲
affect [ fekt] vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；（感情上）深深打动
I felt so helpless because the quality of my life was affected.
The disease affects millions of people in the world every year.
Tony loved his sister, and her loss clearly affected him.
【形近词辨析】effect n. 效应，影响 vt. 使发生，引起 【短语】have an effect on 对...造成影响
shelter [ elt (r)]
cn. （尤指躲避风雨或攻击的）遮蔽物 cn. 收容所 un. 避难，庇护，居所，住处
【短语】set/put up shelters 建避难所 take shelter from ... 躲避...
under the shelter of ...在...的庇护下
vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
【短语】shelter sb./sth. (from) 保护某人或某物（免受...） shelter from 躲避
People took shelter ______ the shower in the department store.
crack [kr k] n. 裂纹；裂缝；vt.（使）破裂
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
as if＝as though“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。
Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.
(2) 当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
① 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
He treats me as if I were his own daughter.
② 如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it
③ 如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something. = He opened his mouth as if to say something.
省略原则：as if/as though引导状语从句时，如果主语和主句的主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。从句的结构是as if/as though＋名词/动词不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词等。
Tom shook his head as if ________ (say), “Don’t trust her.”
They talked as if/though they _________ (be) friends for years.
ruin [ ru n] cn. 废墟（pl.） un. 毁灭 vt. 破坏；毁坏
【短语】in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪 fall into ruin 衰落，毁灭 the ruins of ...的遗迹
ruin one’s health/fame/future 损害某人的健康/名誉/前途
On 8 November 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan swept through the Philippines. All of a sudden, Tacloban City lay ______ ruins.
The Sanxingdui _______ (ruin) belonged to the Shu Kindom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,00 years.
易混词辨析
ruin 使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，且不可修复 The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, completely ruining our plan for a picnic.
damage 多指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的事物，一般还可修复 The truck whose engine was damaged yesterday is being repaired.
destroy 多指彻底的，毁灭性的破坏，往往不可或很难再修复。也可指毁掉某人的信心、希望等 The scandal destroyed Simmons and ended his political career.
Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could ______ your neck.
When farmers killed large numbers of hawks鹰, the farmers’ stores of corn and grain _______ by mice.
I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit got __________.
percent [p sent] n./adj./adv. 百分之;每一百中
ten percent ___________ 22% _____________
brick [br k] n. 砖；砖块
metal [ metl] n. 金属
【形近词辨析】medal n. 奖牌
shock [ k] n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊;
【短语】in shock 震惊，吃惊，处于休克状态 give sb. a shock 使某人震惊
come as a shock (to sb.) 让（某人）震惊 culture shock 文化冲击
It shocks sb. that ... = It shocks sb. to do ... 使某人震惊
shock sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人震惊
【词汇扩展】shocking adj. 令人震惊的，令人气愤的 shocked adj. 震惊的，愤慨的
【短语】be shocked at/by ... 对...感到震惊/愤慨
I was ______ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
In my 40 years as a meteorologist气象学家, this is one of the most ______ (shock) weather events I’ve ever witnessed.
Every staff member was ______ shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.
The news of the famous writer Zha Liangyong’s death came as ______ great shock to everyone.
The parents were shocked ______ the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.
electricity [ lek tr s ti] n. 电；电能
【词汇扩展】electric adj. 用电的，电的 electronic adj. 电子的
trap -trapped - trapped [tr p] vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
【短语】be trapped in ... 困在...中，陷入... trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人（做）某事
lay/set a trap for ... 为...设下陷阱 fall into/avoid the trap of doing sth. 掉进/避免掉进陷阱
Think carefully before you answer questions online. You may be trapped ______ giving away very important personal information.
After the earthquake many people _____ trap in the ruins. Fortunately, the soldiers soon came to the rescue.
bury [ beri] vt. 埋葬；安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等）
【短语】bury ... in ... 把...埋到...里 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
be buried in ... = bury oneself in ... 专心致志于... bury the dead ___________
Then at last the tears came, he sank into a chair and _________________ （双手掩面）.
Since he took over the project, he _______________ （一直埋头于他的工作）.
breathe [bri ] vt./vi. b& 呼吸
【短语】breathe in 吸入 breathe on 往...哈气 breath out 呼出
revive [r va v] vt./vi. 复活；（使）苏醒
【词汇扩展】revival [r va vl] n. 振兴；复苏
effort [ ef t] n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力；气力，努力，费力的事
【短语】make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力/尽力（做某事）make every effort to do sth. 尽全力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 tireless effort 坚持不懈的努力
【词汇扩展】effortless adj. 不需费力的，容易的
We should especially recognize our children's efforts ___ (push) themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.
unify [ ju n fa ] vi./vt. （使）统一；(使）成一体
【词汇扩展】unified adj. 统一的
wisdom [ w zd m] n. 智慧；才智
【词汇扩展】wise adj. 明智的
context [ k ntekst] n. 上下文；语境；背景
【形近词辨析】text n. 文本，原文，课文，教科书
suffer [ s f ] vt./vi. 遭受；蒙受（跟抽象名词）；（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
【短语】suffer from a serious illness 患重病 suffer from the loss of memory 换失忆症
suffer from a headache/toothache 受头疼/牙疼
suffer pain/hardship 经历痛苦/困苦 suffer a defeat/a loss/punishment 遭受失败/损失/惩罚
【词汇扩展】sufferer cn. 受苦者，患病者 suffering un. 疼痛，折磨 (pl.) 痛苦，苦痛
It is shocking to see those patients _______ from poverty and diseases, and we all want to do something to help those _______ out of their ______. (suffer)
volcano [v l ke n ] n. 火山
erupt [ r pt] vi./vt. (火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
【词汇扩展】eruption n. 爆发
【短语】volcanic eruption [v l’k n k ’r p n] 火山喷发
supply [s pla ] n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品;供应；供给 vt. 供应，供给
【短语】water supply __________ in short supply 供应短缺 a supply of / supplies of ...的供应
supply sb./sth. with sth. = supply sth. to sb./sth. 向...提供某物
【易混词辨析】
supply 通常指定期供应所需或所需求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意。 Supply sb/sth with sth. = supply sth. to sb./sth.
provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任，主动提供所需之物，尤其是生活必需品。 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.
offer 指主动提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer to do sth. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.
In the earthquake-stricken area, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food ________ supply.
Just walk in, plug your phone in and charge it up whenever it needs to be supplied _______ power.
We offer an excellent education _______ our students in return we expect students to work hard.
This theme park, which is based on cartoon stories, uses the most advanced technology to provide visitors ______ a brand new experience of thrills and fun.
typhoon [ta f :n] n. 台风
in the open air 露天；在户外
【短语辨析】in the air 在传播中，流行，可感觉到的
hurricane [ h rik n] n. (尤指西大西洋的）飓风
survive [s va v] vi./vt. 生存；幸存（不用于被动语态）；艰难度过；vi. 继续维持生活 vt. 比...活的时间长
（经历事故，战争或疾病后）活下来、幸存；不用于被动语态；做及物动词时后常根war, accident, flood, fire, earthquake, air crash等
She was only person to survive the accident.
【短语】survive on sth. 依靠...生活 survive sb. by + 时间 比某人多活...
How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage
She survived her husband by ten years.
【词汇扩展】survival un. 幸存，生存 survivor cn.. 幸存者，生存者
It is reported that the only _______ (survive) in the car crash was finally injured.
The basic function of fruit in nature is to spread the seeds of the plant to ensure the ________ of the species.
power [ pa (r)] n.电力供应；能量；力量；统治；政权；控制力 vt.驱动；推动（机器或车辆）
【短语】 a power failure/cut 停电 a power plant 发电厂 wind/solar/nuclear power __________________
be in power 执政（强调状态） come to power 开始执政（强调动作）
within one’s power 在某人的能力范围内 beyond/out of one’s power 某人能力所不能及
【词汇扩展】powerful adj. 有影响力的，强有力的
【例句】We were discussing the problem when there is a power failure.
As your closest friend, I will do everything within my power to help you out.
A smile is perhaps one of the most common facial expressions and is a _______ (power) way of showing positive emotions.
tap - tapped -tapped [t p] v. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍；n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
【形近词辨析】tape n. 磁带
【短语】tap on 轻拍/轻敲 tap sb. on the shoulder 轻拍某人的肩膀
tap one’s finger on 用某人的手指轻敲
pipe [pa p] n. 管子；管道
whistle [ w sl] v. 吹口哨；发出笛声；吹口哨；n.哨子（声）；呼啸声
emergency [ m d nsi] n. 突发事件；紧急情况
【短语】in an emergency 在紧急情况下 the emergency exit/supplies 紧急出口/救援物资
calm [kɑ m] adj. 镇静的；沉着的；无风的；(海洋)风平浪静的；v.使平静；使镇静
【短语】stay/keep/remain calm ______________ calm ... down ... 使...平静 calm down 平静，安静
【词汇扩展】calmness n. 平静，镇静 calmly adv. 平静地
【易混词辨析】
calm 指人沉着的，镇静的；指天气无风的；指海洋风平浪静的。
quiet 安静的，文静的；指没有吵闹声，噪声或（人）文静的。
still 静止的，指人是侧重某人一动不动的，保持一种姿势；指物表示静止不动。
silent 沉默的，不说话的，无声的；指人时强调沉默不语；指环境时表示不喧闹的，无声的，常用于故事或事件的描述。
Everything was _______ except that the heavy rain beat against the window. Then the mudslide泥石流 happened but the frightened people stood there _______, not knowing what to do. He remained _______ in the face of danger and lead all the people to a safe place. Later he kept ______ about his brave behavior.
aid [e d] un.援助；救援物资；帮助；v. 帮助；援助
指“帮助”时，比help正式
【短语】first aid 急救 economic/medical/emergency 经济/医疗/紧急救助 in aid of 为了帮助
come to one’s aid 过来帮某人的忙 with the aid of = with one’s aid 在...的帮助下
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人（做）某事
aid sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
They collected money _______ aid of the people who had lost their homes in the earthquake.
He succeeded _________the aid of a completely new method he discovered.
The Chinese government aided ________ several African countries running and technology.
kit [k t] n. 成套工具；成套设备
【短语】first aid kit 急救箱
on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
There are experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need.
crash [kr ] vt. 碰撞；撞击；（计算机）崩溃；暴跌 cn. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭，暴跌；碰撞声
【短语】crash into 撞上 a train/car crash ___________ a plane/an air crash ___________
【例句】A small plane heading from Arizona crashed in northwestern Mexico.
Files can be lost if the computer system suddenly crashes.
I missed the crash of the waves against the rocks very much.
sweep - swept - swept [swi:p] vt./vi. 猛烈吹过；掠过；席卷；横扫；打扫；清扫
【例句】Rain swept in through the broken windows
【短语】sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
wave [we v] cn. 海浪；波浪；心潮；挥手 v. 挥手；招手；挥舞；舞动；飘动；起伏
【短语】a wave of 一阵/一股 radio waves 无线电波 give sb. a wave ____________
wave one’s hand _________ wave to/at sb. 向某人挥手/招手
wave sb. goodbye = wave goodbye to sb. ______________________
Mary would wave ______ Benjamin from her window whenever she saw the young boy in the yard.
He waved goodbye _______ his parents when he boarded the train.
strike - struck - struck/stricken [stra k]
v. （灾难，疾病）侵袭；爆发；
The typhoon strike the North of the country on Saturday, leaving many people homeless.
碰撞；敲（钟）；报时；划（火柴）
【短语】strike sb. on against ... the + 身体部位 击打某人的 strike a match 划火柴
Be careful not to strike your head against the door.
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.
The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.
vt. 突然想到，猛地意识到，给（某人以...）印象
【短语】It strikes sb. that ... = It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想到... be struck by 被...打动
A strange salt has glass plate struck me.
cn. 罢工，袭击，击打
His excellent strike in the second half made the score 2-0.
【词汇扩展】striker n. 罢工者 striking adj. 引人注目的 stricken adj. 受灾的，患病的，受困扰的
我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。________________ I had met him somewhere before.
我被黄山的天然风景深深打动了。_____________________ the natural beauty of Mount Huang.
deliver [d l v (r)] v. 递送；传达；交付；运载；发表；宣布；接生；助产
【短语】deliver a speech ______________ deliver a baby _______________
【词汇扩展】delivery n. 传送，递送，分娩
【例句】
Teenagers climbed dozens of lives of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
Her baby was delivered by her family doctor.
summary [ s m ri] n. 总结；概括；概要
【词汇扩展】summarize v. 总结，概述
【短语】write/make a summary 写/作总结 to summarize 总的来说（常用于句首，作状语）
effect [ fekt] n. 影响；结果；效果
【短语】have a(n) ... effect on ... 对...有...的影响 come into effect 开始实施，生效
take effect 见效 put/bring ... into effect 实施，实行，生效 in effect 事实上，实际上
side effect 副作用 cause and effect 因果
【例句】Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animals bases around the world.
The new law will come into effect take effect from 1st June.
It took the police a while to thecome to the conclusion that the two suspects were, in fact, the same person.
【词汇扩展】effective adj. 有效的，实际的 effectively adv. 有效地，实际上
The results prove that the new drug is ______ (effect) against cancer.
The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, indicating表明 that China has a great effect _______ the world.
length [le θ] n. 长；长度；（持续时间的）长短
【短语】in length 在长度上 keep sb. at arm’s length 与某人保持距离 at length 最后，详尽地
【词汇扩展】long adj. 长的 lengthen v. （使）变长
【扩展】构词法：” n./adj. + -en → v.”
wide 宽的 → widen （使）变宽 deep 深的 → deepen（使）加深
strength 力量 → strengthen （使）加强 height 高度 →heighten （使）加强，提高
The area can easily be worked out if you know the _______ (long) and the breadth.
The cycling tours helped ______ (deep) my understanding of the city.
American researchers say drinking tea may help ______ (strength) the body's defense against infection感染.
答案：
自然灾害
into; with
to; rescue; rescues
damage; damages
destruction; destructive
from
to say; were
in; ruins; damage; were destroyed; ruined
百分之十；twenty-two percent
shocked; shocking; in; a; at/by
into; were
埋葬死者；buried his face u=in his hands; has buried himself in his work
to push;
suffering; sufferers; suffering(s)
供水 supplies; with; to; with
survivor; survival/surviving
风能/太阳能/核能；powerful
保持冷静；quiet/silent; still; calm; silent
in; with; with
火车/汽车撞车事故；飞机失事
向某人挥手；挥手；挥手告别某人；at/to; to
It struck me that; I was deeply stuck by
发表演讲；接生婴儿；
length; deepen; strengthen