(共51张PPT)
Period 2
Section A (3a-3c)
Unit 10
You’re supposed to shake hands.
同学们, 上一课学习的单词、短语和句型, 你们都掌握了吗？现在大家来检验一下, 点击下面的音频开始听写吧!
What do you know about these two countries
3a Read the following opinions of a Colombian and a Swiss student. In which country is it OK to be 15 minutes late for dinner
Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time. ① We don’t like to rush around, so we don't mind if people are a little late sometimes.
体裁：议论文
文章结构：两段之间是并列结构。其中每一段又是总分结构。
If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it's OK if you arrive a bit late. We like to enjoy our time slowly. We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. ② We often just drop by our friends' homes if we have time. ③
We don't usually have to make plans to meet our friends. When we see each other, it's polite for boys to shake hands and for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
In Switzerland, it's very important to be on time. ④ We're the capital of clocks and watches, after all ! ⑤ If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you're expected to be there at noon. If you're even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. ⑥ So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. ⑦ I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it's impolite to keep others waiting. ⑧
写作方法：通过举例和细节支撑，增加文字的说服力。
Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling first. ⑨ We almost always make plans to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together. ⑩
写作方法及写作意图：作者将两个时间观念截然不同的国家放在一起比较，目的在于表达一种文化认同感。尊重他国文化、尊重他国习俗是我们必上的一课。
3b Read the passage again and complete the chart.
Ideas and customs about... Colombia Switzerland
being on time
visiting a friend's house
making plans with friends
People are pretty
relaxed about time.
It's very important
to be on time.
They often just drop by their friends' homes if they have time.
They never visit a
friend's house
without calling first.
They don't usually
have to make plans
to meet their friends.
They almost always
make plans to see
friends.
3c Role -play a conversation. Student A is Teresa and Student B is Marc. Teresa is late and Marc is mad.
A: Hi, Marc. Sorry I'm a little late.
B: Teresa, you're 10 minutes late!
A: It's just 10 minutes! It's no big deal!
B: Well, in Switzerland, you're supposed to..
①Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
(重点) relaxed /r 'l kst/ adj. 放松的; 自在的
考点1
辨析: relaxed 与relaxing
relaxed 形容词, “放松的”, 其主语通常为人, be relaxed about 对……感到放松。
relaxing 形容词, “令人放松的”, 其主语通常为物。
relax 是动词，意为“放松；休息”。relax oneself “放松自己”。
e.g. After a rest, he felt relaxed.
休息之后，他感到很轻松。
The music sounds relaxing.
这首曲子听起来令人放松。
Listening to relaxing music is a good way to relax, because it
can make us feel relaxed.
听令人放松的音乐是放松的一个好方法，因为它可以让我们感到轻松。
拓展: 以 -ed 结尾的形容词多用来描述人, 说明人因外部原因而产生的某种情绪或感受; 以 -ing 结尾的形容词多用来描述事物, 说明事物本身的特性。
类似用法的形容词有：
interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的
excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的
satisfied 满意的 satisfying 令人满意的
tired 疲倦的 tiring 令人疲倦的
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温馨提示：可返回原文
考题1：[宜宾] Listen to a piece of light music and you will feel r .
elaxed
②We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.
value /'v lju / v. 重视; 珍视 n. 价值
e.g. I will value our friendship forever.
我将永远珍视我们的友谊。
Our teacher values Tom for his hard work.
我们老师因汤姆努力学习而重视他。
I really value him as a friend. 我真的把他视为朋友。
考点2
value sb./ sth. for...因……而重视某人/某物
value sb./ sth. as...把某人/ 某物珍视为……
拓展: value 作名词, 常用词组为be of great value, 意为“很有价值”, 等同于be very valuable。
e.g. Good books are of great value to everyone.
好书对每个人都很有帮助。
There is nothing valuable in the bag.
包里没有什么贵重的东西。
value 的形容词形式，意为“贵重的；宝贵的”。
考题2：[安徽] We should _______ the friendship that we have developed in the past years.
A. value B. change C. make D. win
【点拨】词义辨析法。句意：我们应该珍惜我们过去几年中建立的友谊。
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A
③We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time.
drop by 顺便拜访
drop by 可单独使用，也可接表示地点的名词，此时相当于come over to。
考点3
drop 的过去式和过去分词均为dropped，现在分词为dropping。
① drop back/behind 落后 ② drop out 辍学
③ drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人
④ drop into sp. 顺便去某地
考向
e.g. Can you drop by my house this evening to discuss the report
今晚你能顺便到我家来讨论一下那份报告吗？
Drop by sometime. 有空来坐坐。
He dropped out of school at the age of 16.
他16 岁的时候就退学了。
Would you drop in on us this evening for a chat
你今晚过来和我们聊聊好吗？
He dropped into the factory on his way home.
在回家的路上，他顺便去了那家工厂。
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考题3：We often _______ our friends’ homes without _______ them first.
A. drop by; call B. drop by; calling
C. drop in on; call D. drop out; calling
【点拨】drop by 顺道拜访，后接地点；drop in on 顺道拜访，后接人；drop out 辍学。介词without 后跟动词-ing 形式。
B
④In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time.
on time 准时; 按时
考点4
辨析: on time 与 in time
on time 表示“准时、按时”, 事情是按计划发生的, 指正好在约定的时间发生, 一般放在句末。
in time 表示“及时、来得及”, 指在约定的时间之前发生。
e.g. Every day we get to school on time. 我们每天准时到校。
The train came on time. 火车正点到站。
They were in time for the bus.
他们及时赶上了那班公交车。
I watch TV in the evening at times. 我有时晚上看电视。
The plane had taken off by the time we arrived at the airport. 我们到达那个机场时飞机已经起飞了。
They got to the finishing line nearly at the same time.
他们几乎同时到达终点线。
time 构成的短语：
① in time 及时
② at times 有时，相当于 sometimes
③ by the time... 到......时
④ at the same time 同时
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考题4：[益阳改编] 我发现对我而言按时完成这项工作很难。
I found it difficult for me to finish the work _______ ________.
on time
⑤We’re the capital of clocks and watches, after all!
the capital of...……的首都/ 国都
e.g. Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
拓展：capital 的其他意义：
(1) capital 作名词，还可意为“省会”“大写字母”等。
e.g. Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province.
南京是江苏省的省会。
Please write in capitals. 请用大写字母写。
(2) capital 还可作形容词，意为“大写的”。
e.g. This is a capital letter. 这是一个大写字母。
考点5
考题5：New York is not the c of the USA, but Washington D.C. is.
apital
after all 毕竟; 终归
考点6
after all 固定短语，可位于句首、句中或句末，在句
中作状语，可用于强调某个理由或重要的论点。
e.g. He is, after all, a little child. 他毕竟还是个小孩子。
It’s not surprising that you are hungry. After all, you didn’t have breakfast. 你饿了一点儿也不令人惊讶。别忘了，你没有吃早餐。
考向
after all 还可意为“别忘了”，用来解释或说明理由。
A clock must above all keep good time.
时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
He doesn’t like playing sports at all.
他根本不喜欢做运动。
There are more than ten thousand books in all in the library.
这家图书馆总共有一万多本书。
含all 的常用短语：
① above all 首先；最重要的是（起强调作用。位于句首或句中）
② not at all 一点也不；根本不（用于否定句）
③ in all 总共（位于句首或句末）
考题6：[抚顺、本溪、辽阳] —This is so difficult that I want to give up.
—Take it easy. ______, it takes time to learn something new.
A. In that case B. For example
C. By the way D. After all
【点拨】用短语辨析法。in that case 那样的话；for example
例如；by the way 顺便说一下；after all 毕竟。根据句意
“—这太难了，我想放弃。—别紧张。______ 学习新东西需要花费时间。”可知，空格处用after all 连接符合语境。
D
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⑥If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.
mad /m d/ adj. 很生气; 疯的
e.g. I don’t think you should get mad at Mum.
我认为你不应该生妈妈的气。
Don’t get mad about the broken window.
别为窗户坏了而恼火。
The result drove me mad. 这个结果使我发狂。
I’ll go mad if I have to wait much longer.
如果还要等更久的话, 我会发疯的。
考点7
① be/ get mad at/ with sb.
生某人的气
② be/ get mad about sth.
因某事生气
③ drive sb. mad
使某人发狂
④ go mad 发疯
辨析: get mad 与be mad
get mad 大动肝火; 气愤(强调动作)
be mad 气愤(强调状态)
e.g. Tom was late again. His teacher got mad.
汤姆又迟到了。他的老师非常生气。
拓展：mad 还可意为“特别喜欢；痴迷”。be mad about/on... 对……着迷。
考题7：据说人们在压力下很容易发疯。
It is said that people ________ _________ easily when they’re under pressure.
get mad
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⑦So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.
effort /'ef (r) t/ n. 努力; 尽力
e.g. His success depends on his effort and ability.
他的成功取决他的努力和才能。
He must put more effort into his work.
他必须更加努力地工作。
考点8
effort 既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
① put more effort into sth.更加努力做某事
② make an effort to do sth.努力做某事
③ without effort毫不费力
I will make every effort to arrive on time.
我将尽一切努力准时到达。
They lifted the heavy rock without effort.
他们没费劲就把那块沉重的石头举起来了。
拓展: make an effort 中的an 也可以根据情况换成another, every, one more, no 等词。
e.g. He decided to make one more effort. 他决定再努力一次。
考题8：[襄阳] China is making _______ to help more developing countries fight against COVID-19.
A. a decision B. a mess
C. an effort D. a mistake
【点拨】词义辨析法。make a decision 作出决定；make a mess 弄得一团糟；make an effort 作出努力；make a mistake 犯错误。句意：中国正在为帮助更多的发展中国家抗击疫情作出努力 。
C
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⑧ I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it’s impolite to keep others waiting.
avoid / 'v d/ v. 避免; 回避
e.g. I left early to avoid the rush hour.
我早早动身以避开交通高峰期。
People around the world can hardly avoid buying products made in China. 全世界的人几乎都不能避免买到中国制造的产品。
考点9
avoid 为及物动词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式作宾语。
拓展: 巧记接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词及短语:
享受介意必完成 : (enjoy, mind, finish)
考虑建议盼望着: (consider, suggest, look forward to)
避免错过继续练: (avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise)
想要成功坚持忙: (feel like, succeed in, stick to, be busy)
习惯放弃有困难: (be used to, give up, have difficulty/ trouble)
Learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones.
惩前毖后。
考题9: [永州] When playing in the hallways, students should avoid ____________(push) each other.
【点拨】avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”。
pushing
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
e.g. His mother kept him standing outside for five minutes.
他妈妈让他在外面站了五分钟。
Keep quiet, please. 请保持安静。
We must keep our classroom clean every day.
我们必须每天保持教室干净。
He kept asking us to remember teamwork.
他不断地要求我们记住合作。
So how can I keep that from happening
那我怎样才能阻止那件事发生？
考点10
keep 的常用结构：
①keep+adj. 保持某种状态
② keep+ 宾语+adj. 使……处于某种状态
③ keep（on）doing sth. 继续/反复做某事
④ keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
考题10: [邵阳] —How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam
—Keep on _______ and you’ll make progress.
A. practice B. practicing C. to practice
B
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⑨ Also, we never visit a friend’s house without calling first.
本句是一个含有双重否定的句子，句子中never 和without 都表示否定意义，合在一起表示肯定意义。
without /w ' a t/ prep. 无; 没有
e.g. He found the place without any difficulty.
他毫不费力地找到了那个地方。
It was very rude of her to leave without telling us.
她不向我们打招呼就走了, 太不礼貌了。
考点11
后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，其反义词为with。
拓展: without 的其他用法: (1) without+ 宾语+ 副词
e.g. I’d be lost without you here.
没有你在这儿, 我会一筹莫展。
(2) without+ 宾语+ 介词短语
e.g. We’d be happier without them as neighbors.
要是没有他们做邻居, 我们会过得更愉快。
Without a friend, the world is a wilderness.
没有朋友，世界成了荒野。
(3) without+ 宾语+ 动名词
e.g. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
无人注意, 他从窗户溜了出去。
(4) without+ 宾语+ 动词不定式
e.g. Without anyone to help, how can we go on
没有人帮忙, 我们怎么能进行下去？
考题11: [黔东南] —Ms. Huang, what would you like _______ your afternoon tea
—Just a cup of coffee ______ any sugar or milk.
A. for; without B. to; without
C. for; with D. to; with
【点拨】考查介词。第一空表示对象和目的， 所以用for； 第二空后是any 不是some，说明表达的意思是否定的，所以用without。
A
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⑩We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.
something interesting 有趣的事情
考点12
形容词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词的后面。
e.g. Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn something new every day.
学习是一生的旅程，因为我们每天都可以学到新东西。
考向
指人的不定代词：
someone 某人
anyone 任何人
everyone 人人，每人
somebody 某人
anybody 任何人
everybody 人人
nobody 没有人
指物的不定代词：
something 某物；某事
anything 任何物；任何事
everything 每件事；所有事物
nothing 没有什么；没有一件东西
考题12: [铜仁] —What’s the matter with my throat, doctor
—________. Drinking more hot water is OK.
A. Something serious B. Nothing serious
C. Serious something D. Serious nothing
B
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本节课主要学习了单词relax, value, without, effort的用法, 短语drop by, after all, keep sb. doing sth.的用法。
