人教新课标选修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元测试（word版含答案，无听力部分）

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 基础夯实—2022-2023学年高二英语人教版选修八单元测试
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
One of the big knocks against solar panels (太阳能电板) is how much land they take up compared to how much power they produce. But what if there were a ready-made source of open land nearby to cities and towns that were guaranteed not to be used for anything else
As it turns out, landfills (垃圾填埋场) are built into solar farms all over the country. While they present a bigger challenge than building one on flat ground, the idea of turning landfills and brownfields from their waste state into a new service for the community is deeply appealing.
For example, Nexamp’s Solar Star Urbana Landfill community solar farm occupies nearly 40 acres on a landfill. It features nearly 14,000 solar panels and produces 5.2 megawatts of clean energy for low and middle income residents (居民), who receive discounts on their energy bill if they sign up to take on the solar energy. Annapolis Maryland has one too-55,000 panels on an 80-acre landfill, producing power for 2,500 people.
It isn’t the easiest thing to build a solar farm on a landfill. For one thing, the traditional method of securing the panels on concrete struts (支柱) buried in the ground is out of the question, as it would break the cap on the landfill. This also currently puts a landfill solar panel out of the reach of current technologies that allow the movement of the panels to follow along the sun.
However there are also aspects which are easier, for example there are usually communities that live nearby landfills, and the local cheap power access can help save them money. Furthermore, there’s no risk of facing high land prices.
There are more than 10,000 closed or capped landfills around the country, and perhaps as many as 4,000 of them could be turned into solar farms immediately.
1. How do residents benefit from taking on the solar energy
A. They pay less for the energy bill. B. Their land is paid for higher prices.
C. The energy they use is much cleaner. D. They receive more energy than promised.
2. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The disadvantages of a traditional method.
B. The slow progress of current technologies.
C. The potential danger brought by solar energy.
D. The technical challenges of building a solar farm.
3. What’s the author’s attitude towards building landfill solar farms
A. Critical. B. Ambiguous. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
B
Watching his father die without oxygen support while suffering from a heart attack in 2020, Taher Mahmud Tarif, a Bangladeahi boy, made up his mind to build a device to prevent any more such tragic deaths. Afterwards, many COVID-19 patients experienced low oxygen levels in their blood, with demand for oxygen concentrators (浓缩器) among other medical equipment shooting up during the recent sharp rise in cases. Tarif said the situation gave him more driving force to build the device.
With the financial and overall support of Ishwardi UNO office and his educational institution, Tarif's determination and tireless efforts were rewarded with success as the ninth grader of Ishwardi Sara Marwari High School managed to make the concentrator after trying five times for about seven months, mainly using domestic components. He said that a locally made oxygen eoncentrator like his costs approximately $ 760 whereas an imported one does over $2,600.
In June, Tarif gave a detailed account of his invention and manufacture at the UNO office in Ishwardi at 11:00 am on Tuesday. He said it was created from his own thinking and with the addition of local technology generators and electric components. An oxygen concentrator takes in air and removes nitrogen (氮气) from it, leaving oxygen-enriched gas for use by people needing medical oxygen. “About 90 percent oxygen concentration can be generated from my oxygen concentrator machine. This machine can provide high-flow oxygen supply too. It can be very handy in local areas with no scope of getting oxygen support,”Tarif added.
“This is obviously a good invention for oxygen generation. It is capable of producing high-flow oxygen so it can be used for patients or refilling oxygen bottles,” said an assistant professor of Pabna Medical College Hospital. “Despite more lab and other examinations before using the machine as medical equipment,” the UNO said, “Tarif's invention will probably be a great achievement during this alarming COVID-19 situation.”
1. Why did Tarif build an oxygen concentrator
A. Because his father needed one. B. Because his father died of COVID-19.
C. Because COVID-19 patients need oxygen. D. Because he wants to help save other patients.
2. What can we know about Tarif's invention in Paragraph 2
A. It mostly consists of local parts. B. It succeeded at the first attempt
C. It was made without others' help. D. It costs more than 2.600 dollars.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Tarif's invention has not been tested yet.
B. Tarif's invention has a promising future.
C. Tarif's invention produces oxygen botles.
D. Tarif 's invention has proved useful for COVID-19.
4. Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A brochure. C. A newspaper. D. A novel.
C
Besides soil, all plants need water. This makes it hard to grow plants where it’s dry. But this problem may soon be solved by researchers. Their invention is a super-moisture-absorbent gel (凝胶), or SMAG.
“The gel-based material can be used as a soil enhancer, as well as alternative soil in greenhouses,” said Guihua Yu, an engineer at the University of Texas-Austin. He led the team that developed the gel. He also said this material could be “directly mixed with soil or fertilizer at certain amounts”.
The gel works similarly to how dew forms. Dew is those water droplets attached to leaves of grass in the morning. It forms because of differences in air temperature between day and night. Air contains different gases, including water vapor (蒸气). Warmer air holds more water vapor. As the air cools after dark, it loses its ability to hold some of it. When it reaches a certain temperature — known as the dew point — some water vapor will turn into tiny drops of water. When temperature rises the next day, that water evaporates, again turning into vapor.
The research team decided to use this process to aid plants. The gel mixed with soil absorbs the water vapor and holds it. The next day, the gel instead slowly releases (释放) that water into the soil.
Jeff Hattey, a soil scientist, says the gel sounds pretty helpful in farming, but you probably won’t see the gel at the hardware store anytime soon. He notes that based on the quantities of the new material used in Yu’s experiments, outdoor fields might require a whole lot of it. According to his research, farmers might have to add about 13 trucks of gel to the soil top per acre (英亩).
Yu believes future studies will help his team understand if the gel could be used for larger, outdoor fields. “Fortunately, the gel is not poisonous,” Yu says. So it shouldn’t hurt the bacteria or worms that are needed to keep soil healthy for growing things.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The application of the gel. B. The raw material of the gel.
C. The characteristics of the gel. D. The research process of the gel.
2. Why is dew mentioned in the third paragraph
A. To introduce its formation. B. To explain the principle of the gel.
C. To stress the importance of water vapor. D. To clarify the definition of the dew point.
3. What problem with the gel does Jeff Hattey point out
A. It is of little help in real farming.
B. It will be too expensive to buy.
C. It requires too much calculation to apply it to outdoor fields.
D. It must reach a huge amount to be effective in outdoor fields.
4. What can we learn about the gel
A. It works only at night. B. It can replace soil in dry areas.
C. It is friendly to the creatures in the soil. D. It makes use of dew to offer plants water.
D
Around one heart attack in 50 in rich European countries is caused by long exposure to loud traffic, according to the World Health Organization. The ill-effects of noise pollution in such countries are second only to those from dirty air. Long-term exposure can cause hormonal (荷尔蒙的) imbalances as well as mental-health problems.
Roadside barriers can help decrease the noise, but they are expensive—up to $600,000 per kilometer. Besides, they work less well on windy days and are impractical along city streets.
Happily, there is another option. By adding rubber powders, recycled from used tyres, to the bitumen (沥青) and broken stones used to make asphalt (柏油路), engineers are designing quieter streets. First used experimentally in the 1960s, this rubberized, softer asphalt cuts traffic noise by around 25%. Even better, it also lasts longer than the normal sort. Not surprisingly, rubberized asphalt is catching on.
Rubberized asphalt keeps the noise down in a couple of ways. Gaps between the stones in standard asphalt must be small, because if they are too big the bitumen binding (粘合剂) cannot do its job properly. Adding rubber thickens the bitumen. That allows bigger gaps, which help to trap and spread sound waves. The rubberized bitumen itself is flexible, which enables it to absorb more unwanted sound energy.
Bitumen is made from oil, which means its price has risen over the past decade alongside that of the oil. Thrown-away tyres, by contrast, are cheap and are likely to get cheaper. Nowadays enough tyres are recycled in America each year to produce 20,000 miles of the stuff, enough to rebuild about 0.5% of America's roads.
Rubber roads are also popular in China, Brazil, Spain and Germany. Their popularity could spread further, since it is now possible to make rubberized asphalt less expensively than the traditional sort.
1.What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about concerning noise pollution
A. It does more harm than air pollution.
B. It becomes the main cause of heart attack.
C. It may cause health problems in the long run.
D. It can be got rid of by putting up roadside barriers.
2. How does the rubber work when added to the bitumen to reduce noise
A. By absorbing sound energy. B. By allowing bigger gaps in the bitumen.
C. By holding the broken stones together. D. By trapping and spreading sound waves.
3. What is the author's attitude to rubberized asphalt
A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
4. What is one reason why the rubber road is getting popular worldwide
A. It has a good recycling. B. It has a lower cost.
C. It has a high standard. D. It has an unwanted flexibility.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kitchen robot is a robotic device designed to provide assistance with common kitchen tasks. These robots can handle work ranging from food preparation to dishwashing and general cleanup. ①_____They are also meant to serve as assistants to people who are unable by reason of age or illness to manage daily kitchen tasks without assistance.
Ordinary kitchen robots are usually designed to wash dirty dishes. Working as a dishwasher in a kitchen environment requires a set of skills. A successful robot must be able to grasp and clean dishes, and store them appropriately. ②_____
More advanced kitchen robot designs focus on the preparation and serving of food. ③_____ Robots designed to serve as mechanical chefs need to be able to evaluate different food products to ensure freshness and quality. They also need to make appropriate selections from various ingredients, and perform a large number of different physical tasks as part of the cooking process.
④_____ Such devices are perfect for people who get a high salary but have very little free time. A kitchen robot could potentially take over many common kitchen tasks, allowing its owner to focus on other matters or to cook only on those occasions when they have the time to enjoy cooking.
Kitchen robots have more practical applications as well. The population of many Western nations is aging, often quite rapidly. ⑤_____ A robot could potentially provide that assistance for them without causing any discomfort.
A. This requires an entirely different set of skills.
B. Convenience is one selling point of kitchen robots.
C. Some kitchen robots are designed for other special usages.
D. Older people may require some assistance with daily tasks.
E. They are intended to reduce the heavy housework of daily living.
F. Nowadays more and more robots walk into people’s work and daily life.
G. It also has to avoid breaking them while making sure of a thorough clean.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
"I noticed something," my friend Ashley said. "Your bookshelf is 1 ."I nodded absently. I could feel my best friend staring at me with 2 .
"I'm looking at your online bookshelf right now. It's clear of books this year. Why " she asked.
"I wish I could read," I replied, 3 the many hours I'd spent helping someone with their computer or browsing(浏览)online news articles 4 reading novels.
"But who's going to 5 fun books to me " Ashley asked, sounding shocked. "You always were my book buddy(朋友).
When I got home that day, I deleted a calendar event that was supposed to happen at 9:00 pm and typed into the description box, "Read a novel."
When the time for the 6 event came, I felt so guilty(内疚的)that I 7 to turn on the audiobook. With 8 ,though, I finally pressed Play and sank into a cozy young-adult novel. I soon 9 and noticed that I was really enjoying myself.
I started clearing my calendar for myself. Each time I put " 10 time" in my calendar, I felt really happy.
When it came time to 11 for the second night,it was 12 than the previous night.I even turned off my phone and sank into bed with headphones on.
Then I 13 my phone and called Ashley to tell her that I had 14 a lot of upcoming appointments.She was 15 ."That's really great.I'm glad to have my book buddy back."
1. A. pretty B. tidy C. large D. empty
2. A. respect B. pride C. concern D. fear
3. A. accounting for B. thinking about C. depending on D. dividing up
4. A. instead of B. because of C. apart from D. along with
5. A. write B. recommend C. transport D. award
6. A. original B. popular C. common D. formal
7. A. expected B. promised C. hesitated D. forgot
8. A. joy B. determination C. access D. support
9. A. survived B. agreed C. relaxed D. repeated
10. A. personal B. hard C. valuable D. limited
11. A. sleep B. help C. read D. reflect
12. A. longer B. easier C. earlier D. quicker
13. A. escaped from B. looked for C. pointed to D. turned on
14. A. finished B. fixed C. canceled D. missed
15. A. excited B. confused C. anxious D. ambitious
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Second Life for Chopsticks
There are approximately 600 sushi restaurants in Vancouver, ①_____ (consequent) making it the sushi capital of North America. Before the pandemic, over 100, 000 chopsticks and other wooden tools ②_____ (use) once and thrown out every day, according to a 2018 study by Metro Vancouver. In 2016, Felix Bock was ③_____ 27-year-old young man, studying sustainable construction materials at the University of British Columbia. It was when he was sitting in a sushi restaurant ④_____ he realized he was holding an underused resource in his own hand, Thus Chop Value was born.
B ck’s start-up recycles used wooden chopsticks and ⑤_____ (transform) them into household objects, from chessboards to bookshelves. The company makes about 30 such products, as well as other custom projects, with each ⑥_____ (employ) a varying number of chopsticks. So far, the company, ⑦_____ products can be found in department stores in other major Canadian cities, has collected and repurposed almost 33 million chopsticks nationwide. The company’s reforms don’t end there, however. ⑧_____ (produce) in “micro-factories” with workers that collect chopsticks from local restaurants, Chop Value’s items are mainly sold by local ⑨_____ (businessman). There are three so far in Canada—in Vancouver, Calgary and Montreal—and Bock would like to get to 10 by the end of the year. “We’re trying to expand in the ⑩_____ (fine) way of all times,” he says. “We never want to do things the way they were done before- We’re onto something great here, something inspiring.”
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，得知某英文报社招聘兼职记者，请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。
内容要点如下：
1）表示感兴趣；
2）说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历；
3）希望得到回复。
注意：1）80词左右
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a young boy, I was always a troublemaker and up to no good. I liked playing tricks and enjoyed treating animals in an unfriendly way, like running after cats crazily, making them scared at the sight of me. Besides, I often used a handmade catapult(弹弓)to shoot at birds on the trees.
All this did afford me indescribable pleasure but also got me unkind stares and blames from people around. My parents disapproved of my behavior and were constantly criticizing me for the tricks I played. I was even given a good beating from my father from time to time. Nevertheless, I ignored their warnings and did not correct my ways until an incident occurred.
One summer noon when I was eight, I was alone at home and just finished lunch. Feeling very hot and bored, I decided to hang around the neighborhood, holding my trusty catapult.
Soon, I came to Mr Smith’s house. His pet dog, big and strong, was tied to a post outside his house, lying in the shade lazily. Looking around, I found that no one was in sight. I decided to make good use of my catapult to play tricks on the massive dog. Picking up a few small stones from the ground, I aimed at the dog and fired them one by one. Several stones hit the poor dog and it began to bark (吠) loudly in pain and jump up and down. But I felt so fun that I didn’t stop doing so. Eventually, the dog’s anger was fueled and it barked wildly at me while struggling to break away from the rope. Not realizing anything wrong with my crazy behavior, I was just laughing happily.
Suddenly, the rope that tied the dog loosened and the big dog got free from its bonds. In no time, with a few powerful steps the dog was on me. Its sharp teeth sank into my leg. I screamed with pain and fright and fell to the ground, shouting out for help.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Luckily, my miserable shouts caught Mr Smith’s attention. ___________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
His words left me ashamed and I decided to make a change. __________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 ADC
B
答案：1-4 DABC
C
答案：1-4 ABDC
D
答案：1-4 DBAB
第二节
答案：EGABD
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A; 5.B; 6.A; 7.C; 8.B; 9.C; 10.C; 11.C; 12.B; 13.D; 14.C; 15.A
第二节
答案：
①consequently ②were used ③a ④that ⑤transforms
⑥employing ⑦whose ⑧Produced ⑨businessmen ⑩finest
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Luckily, my miserable shouts caught Mr Smith’s attention. He dashed out of the house and freed the dog’s teeth from my leg. Having caged the dog, Mr Smith rushed me to the clinic, where the doctor gave me an injection and dressed the wound carefully. On the way back home, I tearfully told Mr Smith the whole story. Not criticizing me, he looked me in the eye and said lovingly, “Animals are our friends that need our care and love and will treat us well if treated well.”
His words left me ashamed and I decided to make a change. Instead of playing tricks on helpless animals, I did what I could to take care of them. With my father’s help, I became a volunteer in our local animal shelter, feeding or walking animals. I even set aside my pocket money to contribute to charity which helps save homeless animals. Once a troublemaker, later a caregiver, I gradually won people’s praise and respect I hadn’t experienced before. Most importantly, never did I feel so rewarded and honored for what I did for animals.