(共47张PPT)
形 容 词 与 副 词
目录
1、形容词(定义、句法作用、句中位置)
2、副词(定义、句法作用、句中位置)
3、形容词和副词的转换
4、形容词、副词比较级
5、形容词、副词最高级
6、练习
一、形容词
1、定义:说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词。
He is a student.
He is a good student.
一、形容词
2、句法作用:形容词在句中一般作定语,也可作表语、补足语、状语等。
(1)修饰名词,作定语
she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
一、形容词
2、句法作用:
(2)跟在连系动词be,feel, sound,get,become, prove,,grow,stay等后作表语
She sounded more confident than she felt
一、形容词
3、形容词的位置:
(1)作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,作前置定语;形容词短语作定语一般后置
Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly.
Isn't it a problem difficult to solve
一、形容词
3、形容词的位置:
(2)以a-为前缀的表语形容词修饰名词时,常置于被修饰词的后面。如alive活着的 alike相像的 awake醒着的 alone单独的 asleep睡着的
The baby asleep might be awake very soon.
一、形容词
3、现在分词或过去分词转化成的形容词
现在分词多表示主语或被修饰词所具有的特征,基本含义是“令人…的”;过去分词多表示主语或被修饰词所处的状态,基本含义是“感到……的”。
一、形容词
3、现在分词或过去分词转化成的形容词
disappointing disappointed
frightening frightened
embarrassing embarrassed
二、副词
1、定义:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,也可以用来修饰一个短语、从句,甚至整个句子等。
It runs fast.
二、副词
2、句法作用:副词在句中主要作状语,也可作表语、定语、补足语等。
作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子
用 法
他努力工作。
He works hard.
你真好。
It’s very nice of you.
他很容易就把汽车停放好了。
He parked the car very easily.
很不巧,他出去了。
Unfortunately, he was out.
副词修饰动词
副词修饰形容词
副词修饰副词
副词修饰整个句子
二、副词
3、位置:(1)方式副词一般放在动词后。常见的方式副词有:
fast quickly quietly beautifully slowly well carefully angrily
二、副词
3、位置:(2)连接性副词和修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词,通常位于句首
Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
二、副词
4、形近副词:
late迟;晚 lately最近;近来
hard努力地;艰难地 hardly几乎不
free免费地 freely自由地;畅通地
near在附近 nearly几乎;差不多
二、副词
5、常用的连接性副词:
though 一般用于句末,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折。
meanwhile 意为“与此同时;在此期间”,表示两个动作同时发生。
therefore/thus/ consequently 意为“因此,所以”,表示结果。
moreover/ furthermore/ additionally 意为“此外”,表承接关系。
besides意为“除此之外,而且”,表示递进关系。
二、副词
5、常用的连接性副词:
however意为“然而”,表示让步、转折。
instead意为“相反”,表示相反的情况。
anyway// anyhow意为“尽管如此;至少”,表示让步。
情况 变化规则 举例
大部分形容词 直接+ly quick-quickly
以y结尾的形容词,且读音为[i] 变y为i+ly happy-happily
辅音字母加le结尾的形容词 去e+ly possible-possibly
terrible-terribly
少数以e结尾的形容词 去e+ly true-truly
1、规则变化
三、形容词和副词的转换
2、不规则变化
形副同形词
early, late, close, fast, enough
以ly结尾,实际是形容词
friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, silly
同根副词,意义有别
hard – hardly near – nearly close - closely
几乎不
几乎
紧密地
三、形容词和副词的转换
高考真题练习1
But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60. (astonish).
句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
高考真题练习2
But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp).
句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
高考真题练习3
Oliver says if you're29. (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,
句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词,所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
练习4
As we all know, he is a clever and ____________ (energy) student.
分析句子可知,“energy”为名词,空格处应用形容词,作定语,“energy”意为“精力”,名词词性,对应的形容词为“energetic”,意为“精力充沛的”。
练习5
____________(immediate), he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
立即,他站起身,穿过医院大厅,走进了她的房间。修饰整个句子用副词作状语,故填Immediately。
练习6
Chopsticks you get in a Chinese restaurant are__________(usual) made of wood.
句意:你在中餐馆使用的筷子通常是由木头制成的。空处作状语修饰动词短语are made of,应用副词usually,表示“通常地”。故填usually。
常见的名词、形容词转换
名词 形容词
meaning meaningful
comfort comfortable
danger dangerous
evidence evident
globe global
culture cultural
形容词副词
比较级\最高级
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
tall
taller
一般直接加-er/-est
tallest
nice
nicer
以不发音的e结尾加-r/-st
nicest
fat
fatter
以重读闭音节结尾且
末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写辅音字母加-er/-est
fattest
happy
happier
辅加y结尾变y为i加-er/-est
happiest
单音节词
和
少数双音节词
在原级前加
more/the most
beautiful
more
beautiful
多音节词
和
部分双音节词
the most
beautiful
规则变化
特殊 比较级 最高级
good/well
better
bad/badly
worse
many/much
more
little
less
old
older
elder
老
长
far
远
深
farther
further
best
worst
most
least
oldest
eldest
farthest
furthest
不规则变化
一、原级的用法
1、A= B:A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B
Tom is as old as Kate.
2、A<B:A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B
This room is not as/so big as that one.
只能修饰原级的词:
very,quite,so,too
He is too tired to walk on.
二、比较级常用的句型结构
1、A比B:A+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B”
Tom is taller than Kate.
二、比较级常用的句型结构
2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
He is getting taller and taller.
二、比较级常用的句型结构
3、“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
可以修饰比较级的词.
1、much,a lot,far,…的多
2、a little,a bit,…一点儿
3、even甚至,still仍然 rather等来修饰。
三、最高级的用法
1、“…中最…的(…)”:“the+最高级(+名词)+表示比较范围的短语或从句”
The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world
二、比较级常用的句型结构
2、“最…的……之一:“ one of the+最高级+可数名词复数
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
He is my best friend.
他是我最好的朋友。
Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jack or Jerry?
谁跑的最快?汤姆,杰克还是杰瑞?
注意
最高级前有物主代词修饰时,不加the;
副词最高级前可以省略the
He is the tallest boy in his class.
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
3、比其他任何······都·····:比较级+than any other+单数名词
高考真题练习1
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
【解析】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
练习2
When the house was built, it was much 59. (small)than it is today. Mary's niece wrote.
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
练习3
we decided it was time for some action and what 65. (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【解析】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
练习4
The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59. (hot) the spring!
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
练习5
This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 65. (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【解析】句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
练习5
This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 65. (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【解析】句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
练习6
One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【解析】考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
练习7
He screams the _________ (loud) of all.
句意:他尖叫得最大声了。分析句子结构可知句子原本是He screams the loudest voice of all voices。依据空前的the以及空后表示范围的短语of all,可知空处应填形容词最高级形式作定语修饰省略的名词voice,故答案为loudest。