(共71张PPT)
Getting along with others
Unit 3
Extended Reading
Of Friendship
◆内容分析
【What】本板块的语篇改编自英国17世纪散文家、科学家、哲学家弗朗西斯.培根的散文名篇《论友谊》。全文围绕“亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路”这一中心论点分三个层次开论述：首先，友谊是一种情感上的需要；其次，友谊可以增进人的智慧；再次，友谊还可帮助你完成一些自己无法做到的事情。文章最后，针对如何正确交友给出相关建议。
【Why】帮助学生领悟友谊对于人生的重要性，从而树立积极健康的友谊观。
【How】本文语篇类型为说理散文，结构清晰，论点明确。作者开篇立意友谊对于每个人来说都十分重要；接下来，分三个层面论述了“友谊之果”，即友谊的三种功效：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标；最后就如何交友给出忠告来收尾。文中包含大量的说理论证，逻辑性强，语言简约隽永、充满智慧，很多语句可作为名言警句来反思回味。
◆教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. identify the structure of the essay;
2. summarize Bacon’s ideas on friendship;
3. explain the importance of friendship;
4. appreciate the language and understand the meaning of some beautiful sentences.
Look at the title and the illustration [ l stre n] on page 39 and discuss the following questions:
(1)What is the main topic of this essay
It is about friendship.
(2)Do you know the writer Who is he
The writer of this essay is Francis [ frɑ:ns s] Bacon [ be k n], a great English writer, scientist and philosopher(哲学家) [f l s f (r)].
Of Friendship改写自弗朗西斯·培根的散文《论友谊》，该文收在《培根随笔集》中。弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期著名散文家、思想家、科学家、经验主义哲学家，被誉为“英国唯物主义的创始人”、“整个实验科学的真正始祖”。《培根随笔集》由五十余篇美妙而富有哲理的文章构成，书中许多发人深思语句成为指导后人思想言行的名句箴言。书的内容涉及人类生活的方方面面，语言简洁，文笔优美，说理透彻，警句迭出，几百年来深受各国读者喜爱。
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon (1561-1626 )was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist and writer. Bacon remains extremely influential [ nflu en l](有很大影响的；有支配力的) through his works. Bacon wrote on issues of law, state and religion, as well as on contemporary [k n tempr ri](当代的；现代的;同一时代的)politics;
he also published texts in which he thought about possible conceptions [k n'sep nz] (理解)of society, and he discussed questions of ethics ['eθ ks](道德准则；伦理标准) in his essays.
Of Friendship
As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with own thoughts(心思), for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.
走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。
reflection [U] 沉思；深思；审慎的思考
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
A week off would give him time for reflection.
歇上一周会使他有时间考虑考虑。
lead to sth 导致，造成（后果）,=result in
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
△ However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.
不过，在追求独处时，须小心，我们不能总是逃入自我的世界中。
seek to do sth.试图；设法,=attempt
They quickly sought to distance themselves from the protesters.
他们迅速设法远离抗议者。
The school is seeking to cut down on the dropout rate.
学校正在设法降低辍学率。
escape into意为“逃进”。如:
As a child he would often escape into a dreamworld of his own.
小时候他常常躲进自己的梦幻世界中。
Social life is also important to us More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.
社交生活对我们同样重要。通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。
as often as not | more often than not：usually; in a way that is typical of sb/sth 通常；往往；一贯
As often as not, he’s late for work.
他上班往往迟到。
smooth sth. out
A. (用手)弄平，把弄平整
They smoothed out the map on the table.他们在桌上摊平地图。
Smooth out all the wrinkles.
把所有的皱褶弄平整。
B. 缓和平息
C. 摆脱(困境),排除(困难)
be meant to do sth.
A. 尤因某人的吩咐或根据职责应该(必须)做某事
Come on, Ellen, you're meant to be helping me.
好了埃伦你是应该帮助我的。
I thought the police were meant to protect people.
我以为警察就是要保护人民的。
B. 意在(旨在)做某事
The diagram is meant to show the different stages of the process.
这个图表意在显示整个过程的各个不同阶段。
△ As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise(出主意；提出建议；提供咨询) the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans.
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。总体而言，亲密友谊的“硕果”有三：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标。通过友谊，我们可以变成更幸福、更睿智、更满足的人。
generally, broadly, roughly, relatively, etc. speaking
总的、一般、粗略、相对等说来
Generally speaking, the more you pay, the more you get.
一般来说，花钱多，买的东西就多。
There are, broadly speaking, two ways of doing this.
大致说来，做这件事有两种方法。
Personally speaking, I've always preferred Italian food.
就我个人来讲，我总是偏爱意大利菜。
The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. △ Here, friendship has a double advantage----happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved!
友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我们喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。在此友谊有双重优势----幸福有了更大的意义，而麻烦在分担之后减半。
come from sth
A. 始于；产自；来自
Where does her attitude come from
她的态度因何而起？
He comes from a family of actors.
他出身于演员世家。
B. = come of sth是…的结果
That comes of eating too much!
那是吃得太多的结果！
share v.
A. ~ (in) sth | ~ sth (with sb) 有同样的感情（或想法、经历等）
They shared a common interest in botany.他们都对植物学感兴趣。
People often share their political views with their parents.
人常常跟自己的父母政治观点一致。
a view that is widely shared
一种得到广泛认同的观点
shared values共同的价值观
I didn't really share in her love of animals.
我并不真像她那样喜欢动物。
B. ~ sth (with sb) 把自己的想法（或经历、感情）告诉（某人）
The two friends shared everything ----they had no secrets.这一对朋友无话不谈——彼此之间毫无秘密。
Would you like to share your experience with the rest of the group 你愿意把你的经验与组里其他人分享吗？
The group listens while one person shares.一个人在谈自己的情况时，小组的其他成员都在听着。
C. ~ (in) sth | ~ sth (with sb) 共同承担；分担
I try to get the kids to share in the housework.
我努力让孩子们分担家务活儿。
Both drivers shared the blame for the accident.
事故责任由两个驾车人共同承担。
D. ~ (sth) (with sb) 共有；合用
Sue shares a house with three other students.
休和另外三个学生合住一所房子。
There isn’t an empty table. Would you mind sharing 没有空桌子了。你愿不愿意和别人合坐？
E. vt. ~ sth (out) (among/between sb) 分配；分摊
We shared the pizza between the four of us.我们四个人把那份比萨饼分着吃了。
F. ~ (sth) (with sb) 分享；共享
The conference is a good place to share information and exchange ideas.
研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。
John had no brothers or sisters and wasn't used to sharing.约翰没有兄弟姐妹，所以不习惯和他人分享东西。
take sth on[无被动态] 呈现，具有（特征、外观等）
His voice took on a more serious tone.他说话的语气变得严肃起来。
halve|hɑ:v; 美 h v| v.
A.（使）减半
The shares have halved in value .
股价已经跌了一半。
The company is halving its prices.
该公司正将产品半价出售。
B. vt. 把…对半分
A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
(saying) 烦恼可以分担（向人倾诉，愁苦就会减少）
Naturally, this kind of openness( 诚实；率真；坦率) results from a close friendship. △ With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure(最大程度地；最大限度地). We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure/cherish these moments of closeness. Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.
当然，这种开诚布公源于亲密无间的友谊。与真正的朋友，我们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。我们知道，好友既会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些亲密的时光。实际上，人的内心离不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。
result (from sth) （因…）发生；（随…）产生
Many hair problems result from what you eat.
很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。
Ignore the early warnings and illness could result.
忽略早期征兆可能会导致疾病。
result in sth造成；导致,=lead to
The cyclone [ sa kl n] has resulted in many thousands of deaths.
气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。
[+ -ing 短语]
These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship.
这些政策使得许多老人饱受困苦。
free (to do sth) 能随自己意愿的；随心所欲的
Students have a free choice of courses in their final year.
学生在最后一学年可以自由选修课程。
You are free to come and go as you please.你来去自由。
(informal)‘Can I use the phone ’
‘Please, feel free . ’
“我能用一下电话吗？”“请便吧。”
depend on/upon sb/sth (for sth)
(通常不用于进行时) 需要，依靠（提供资金、帮助等）
The community depends on the shipping industry for its survival.
这个地区靠航运业维持生活。
I don't want to depend too much on my parents.我不想过度依靠父母。
The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends. △ We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.友谊的第二个硕果是，通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得更好的理解力和判断力。我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
find认为；感到
[动词 + 名词短语 + 形容词]
You may find it hard to accept your illness.
你可能觉得难以相信自己患病。
I find it amazing that they're still together.
他们还在一起，这使我大吃一惊。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语]
She finds it a strain to meet new people.
她和生人见面总感到局促不安。
As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make.因此，如果只跟着自己的感觉走，我们的判断可能就是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须要做出的重大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。
guide指导，影响（某人的行为）
He was always guided by his religious beliefs.他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰为依归。
on the one hand… on the other (hand)…
（引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等）一方面…另一方面…
On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other, they don't want to give up their freedom.
一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first. This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。单是这点，就能让我们更好地厘清思路，并对自身的问题有更透彻的认识。
also(不与否定动词连用) in addition; too 而且；此外；也；同样
I didn’t like it that much. Also, it was much too expensive.
我并不怎么喜欢它。再说它太贵了。
She was not only intelligent but also very musical.
她不仅聪明，而且极具音乐天分。
talk sth over (with sb)详细讨论，详谈（以达成协议或作出决定）
You'll find it helpful to talk things over with a friend.把情况和朋友详细聊一聊，你会觉得大有帮助。
alone （用于名词或代词后以加强语气）仅仅，单，只
The shoes alone cost 200.
仅鞋子一项就花了200英镑。
The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”. △There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends.友谊的第三个硕果是朋友以各种不同的方式可为我们提供的帮助。有时，朋友甚至被誉为我们的“第二个自己”。生活中有太多事，只有在朋友的帮助下才能成功。
know sb/sth as sth [常用被动态] 将…称为；把…叫做
The drug is commonly known as Ecstasy [ ekst si].
这种药通常称作摇头丸。
Peter Wilson, also known as ‘the Tiger ’.彼得·威尔逊，也称“老虎”。
know sb/sth as sth | ~ sb/sth for sth [常用被动态] 把…看作是；认为…是
It's known as the most dangerous part of the city.
人们都认为那是市内最危险的地段。
She is best known for her work on the human brain.
她在对人脑的研究方面最为知名。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
He's known to be an outstanding physicist.他被公认为杰出的物理学家。
Friends may have many different ideas and skills. They can help us achieve what we want during life and, perhaps, even after death.
朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和技能。他们能帮助我们在生前，甚至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想要之物。
△ Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships (should be) carefully developed. In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends.
(Adapted from “Of Friendship”, an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scientist and philosopher)
最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。朋友要谨慎选择，友情需用心经营。如此，我们才能在挚友的抚慰、建议和帮助下，更好地走过“人生之路”。(改写自英国伟大的作家、科学家和哲学家弗朗西斯·培根的随笔《论友谊》)
point out (to sb) | point sth out (to sb)（向某人）指出
She tried in vain to point out to him the unfairness of his actions.
她试图向他指出他的做法不公正，但无济于事。
He pointed out the dangers of driving alone.
他指出单独驾车的危险性。
[+ that 从句]
I should point out that not one of these paintings is original.我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
‘It's not very far, ’ she pointed out.
“那里不太远。”她说道。
point sb/sth out (to sb)指（给某人）看
I'll point him out to you next time he comes in.
他下次来的时候，我指给你看。
company陪伴；做伴
I enjoy Jo's company (= I enjoy being with her) .我喜欢和乔在一起。
She enjoys her own company.
她喜爱独自旅行。
He's coming with me for company .
他要陪伴我一起来。
The two girls enjoyed each other's company.这两个女孩喜欢在一起。
adapt sth (for sth) (from sth) 改编；改写
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
◆Identify the structure of the essay and divide it into three parts.
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
The importance of friendship. (Para. 1)
Three “fruits” of friendship. (Paras. 2-5)
Advice on making friends. (Para. 6)
Read the essay again and complete the following mind map.
Comfort the heart
Advise the head
share
take on greater
meanings
trouble
advice
clearer
thorough
achieved
ideas and skills
after death
A. Write a summary [ s m ri](总结；概括；概要) of the essay. Use the following questions to help you. P40
What are the three “fruits” of friendship
Why are they important
Tip
Writing a summary
To write a good summary of a text, you should:
circle the main points and key ideas in a text;
express these ideas in your own words;
not include supporting details or background knowledge;
not include your personal opinion.
Possible answer
Friendship is very important to us. It leads to self-improvement and helps us better walk the “path of life”. Friendship has three “fruits”. First, we feel more comfortable when we share our feelings with our true friends, as they will understand us and allow us to express ourselves.
Second, friends can help us think more clearly and offer solutions to problems. Third, friends are willing to support us to achieve our goals. However, we should carefully choose friends and develop friendships.
Discuss the following question in groups to understand the literature [ l tr t (r)] value of this essay.
As is known to all, this essay was finished more than 400 years ago. Why do we still need to read it nowadays
The theme of the essay is “friendship”, which is a permanent [ p m n nt](永恒的) topic in human civilization. Bacon put forward some brilliant [ br li nt](绝妙的;巧妙的；使人印象深的) ideas about friendship, which are still helpful for us to make reflections on life and friendship in the modern world.
Appreciate the following sentences and discuss their meanings.In this essay, many sentences are rich in philosophical [ f l s f kl] significance [s ɡ n f k ns] . Below are some of them. How to comprehend and appreciate these sentences Explain them by giving specific [sp s f k]
examples.
(1) More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. (page 39, lines 5-6)
The writer compares “the life journey” to “a rocky road”, which means in our life there can be some challenges and difficulties ahead.
If we have close friends whom we can turn to, they can help us solve these problems and support us to go forward bravely. For example, when we have trouble in dealing with parents and don’t know how to communicate with them, we can share our feelings with our close friends and ask them for advice.
(2) Here, friendship has a double advantage----happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! (page 39, lines 13-15)
When we are with our close friends, we share happiness and sorrow together. One’s happiness will bring enjoyment and joyfulness to his or her friend too.
△ However, when meeting with trouble, we comfort, help and support each other, thus handling the problem together. For example, if we have some challenging tasks to fulfil [f l f l] but don't know what to do, close friends can offer us useful advice and suggestions, which can help us complete our challenging tasks successfully.
B. How do you know when to be independent and when to ask for the help of friends Explain and support your opinion. P40
We should try to deal with a problem on our own(独立地) first before we turn to our friends for guidance [ ɡa dns](指导；引导；咨询).
Independent thinking gives us the freedom to search inside ourselves. (独立思考给了我们探索自我的自由) We can share our thoughts with our friends and benefit from their opinions, but we alone are responsible for our decisions.(共63张PPT)
Getting along with others
Unit 3
Grammar and usage
Restrictive relative clauses
with relative pronouns
◆内容分析
本板块围绕单元话题，以“当代友谊的内涵”创设情境，引导学生在语篇中观察、探究由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句的基本句型结构特征。教学活动要求学生首先通过观察由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句在文中的使用，自主归纳出目标语法的核心规则；再通过句子、语篇两个层面的巩固练习，内化新知，从而能够准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法；最后完成简描述一位朋友的写作任务。
◆教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. understand the meaning of restrictive [r str kt v] relative [ rel t v] clauses with relative pronouns;
2. summarize the general rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns;
3. use restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns to describe [d skra b] their friends appropriately [ pr pri tli].
A. Exploring the rules P34
Below is a magazine article on friendship in the modern age. Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.
△A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.(真正的朋友会在整个世界都离你远去的时候，仍然与你在一起) A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world.
walk out (on sb)(informal) 遗弃，抛弃，舍弃，离开（某人），=desert
How could she walk out on her kids
她怎么能遗弃自己的孩子呢？
walk out (on sth)
(informal) 半途而废；半截撂挑子
I never walk out on a job half done.
我做工作从不半途而废。
walk out
(informal) (工人) （离开岗位）罢工
walk out (of sth)突然离去，退场，退席（尤为表示异议）
count on sb/sth依赖，依靠，指望（某人做某事）；确信（某事会发生）,=bank on sth
‘I'm sure he'll help. ’ ‘ Don't count on it . ’“我肯定他会帮忙的。”“那可靠不住。”
[+ 带 to 的不定式]
I'm counting on you to help me.
我就靠你帮我啦。
[+ -ing 短语]
Few people can count on having a job for life.几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。
We can't count on this warm weather lasting.
我们不能指望这暖和的天气会持久。
self（指一个人）自己，本人
You didn't hurt your little self, did you
小家伙，你没伤着自己吧？
We look forward to seeing Mrs. Brown and your good self this evening.我们期盼今晚能见到布朗夫人和您本人。
Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. (然而如今,使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的真义) We may be able to make many friends online, but these friendships can be quite shallow. Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.(博客等社交媒体损害了我们和我们所爱的朋友之间的关系)
yet :despite what has just been said 但是；然而, =nevertheless, conj.
It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious [ spe s] .
这辆汽车不大，然而却出奇地宽敞。
He has a good job, and yet he never seems to have any money.他有份好工作，然而他却好像总也没有钱。
eat away at “侵蚀，腐蚀，逐渐破坏”。如:
No matter how hard he tries, his parents are never satisfied with him. This is eating away at his self-confidence。
无论他怎么努力,父母都对他不满意,这使他逐渐丧失自信。
come between …and… “损害……之间的关系，离间”,它还可以表示“妨碍”。如:
Never let anything come between you and your work.
绝不要让任何事情妨碍你的工作。
I'd hate anything to come between us.我不喜欢任何有损我们之间关系的事情。
△Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting. “Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us. “Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which we share.在社交媒体上“分享”我们的经历，不足以表达对我们最重要的价值观。 在网上“点赞”朋友的照片并不能增进我们之间的联系。
text|tekst| v.（用手机给某人）发短信
Text me when you’re on your way.
路上给我发短信吧。
I'll text you the final score.
我会发短信告诉你最终的比分。
Kids seem to be texting non-stop these days.
现在的孩子好像在不停地发短信。
message(用电脑、手机等)给…发消息，给…留言
People who message a lot feel unpopular if they don't get many back.
如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。
She messaged him saying she wished they were together.
她给他留言说希望跟他在一起。
take sb's/sth's place | take the place of sb/sth:to replace sb/sth 代替；替换
She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant took her place.她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。
Computers have taken the place of typewriters in most offices.
在大多数办公室，电脑已经取代了打字机。
take your place
A. 就位；入座
Take your places for dinner.请各位入席。
B. 得到应有的社会地位；名副其实
take place
（尤指根据安排或计划）发生，进行
The film festival takes place in October.
电影节将于十月举行。
We may never discover what took place that night.我们可能永远不会知道那一夜发生了什么事。
face-to-face
1)adj. 面对面的
a face-to-face conversation面谈
I deal with customers on the phone and rarely meet them face-to-face.我用电话和客户打交道，很少和他们见面。
2) adv.
He opened the door and came face-to-face with a burglar [ b ɡl (r)].
他打开门和窃贼打了个照面。
(figurative)She was brought face-to-face with the horrors of war.
她直面了战争的恐怖。
matter (to sb) (不用于进行时) 事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响
The children matter more to her than anything else in the world.对于她来说，在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要的了。
It doesn't matter to me what you do.
你做什么我无所谓。
What does it matter if I spent $100 on it─it's my money! 我花100元钱买这东西有什么关系——那是我的钱！
As long as you're happy, that's all that matters .
只要你幸福，这就是最重要的事情。
Does it really matter who did it
是谁干的真的很重要吗？
It didn't matter that the weather was bad.天气不好并没什么影响。
To make friends a real part of our lives, we should put down our smart phones and meet them in person.
What are the pros [pr z] and cons[k nz] (事物的利与弊；支持与反对) of making friends online
Advantages: People may be able to make many friends online.
Disadvantages:
Friendships online can be very shallow.
Texting and messaging cannot replace face-to-face chatting.
Sharing experiences on social media is not enough to express one’s values.
“Liking” friends’ photos online doesn’t develop the connection with them.
A real friend is someone who walks in.
A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
A real friend is someone who sees our true self.
… not just the face that we show to the world.
…the modern tools that keep us connected…
…the friends whom we love.
the values which matter most to us.
the connection which we share.
Read the following sentences in the box, comparing and analysing them.
connection
(1)People have close friends. People naturally enjoy their company.
(2) He is kind-hearted. He has true friends
(3) Friendship is a precious wealth. One searches for it all one’s life.
People who have close friends naturally enjoy their company.
He who is kind-hearted has true friend.
Friendship is a precious wealth (that) one searches for all one’s life.
Working out the rule P34
A restrictive relative clause(限制性定语从句) modifies [ m d fa ](修饰) a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. We use relative pronouns (关系代词) or relative adverbs(关系副词) to introduce restrictive relative clauses.
We use (1)_______ for things, and (2)_____ and whom for people.
which
who
We can use (3)_____ for both things and people.
We use (4)_______ to show possession.
that
whose
由关系代词引导的
限制性定语从句 P98-99
1.限制性定语从句( (restrictive relative clause)指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对象加以限制，表示“…的(人)”或“…的(物)”。从句不可去掉，一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先行项或先行词(antecedent [ nt si:dnt] )。
如: Do you know the man who is waiting outside
He showed me the photos which he took on his trip to Xian。
2.定语从句可由关系代词( relative pronouns) that, which, who,whom, whose引导。如:
The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.
Simon [ sa m n] is the poor man whose car has been stolen.
3.关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，宾语时常可以省略。如:
The boy who is running on the playground is the best runner in our school. (who作主语,不可省略)
The subject (which) I like best is English. (which作宾语,可省略)
4.关系代词 who whom which that, whose的主要用法如下:
(1)who引导的定语从句修饰人，who在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导的定语从句修饰人，whom在从句中作宾语；who和whom都可以由that代替。如:
They are looking for people _________ want to join the Reading Club.
who/that
The girl _________________ you saw in the park is my cousin.
(2) which引导的定语从句修饰物， which在从句中作主语或宾语，可以由that代替，作宾语时可省略。如:
This is the book ____________ I want to read.
(who/whom/that)
(which/that)
(3) whose引导的定语从句，既可修饰人，也可饰物， whose在从句中作定语。如:
I sat next to a girl whose name is Diana [dai n ].
The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday .
5.关系代词也可以用作介词的宾语。在正式场合，介词以置于关系代词前，这种情况下关系代词不可省略，也不可以用that代替。如:
Is this the magazine (which/that) you were talking about just now
Is this the magazine about which you were talking just now
但是要注意的是，固定短语中的介词不能前置到关系代词前。如:
You are the very person (whom/that) we are looking for.
6.当先行项是way并且定语从句要表示“以……的方式”时，定语从句常用that或in which引导，that或 in which也可以省略。如 ：
I like the way ( that/in which) she smiles.
B. Applying the rules P35
B1. Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses.
1. Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from rich ground.(共同的兴趣为许多友谊的发展提供了肥沃的土壤)
Common interests provide rich ground _________________.
from which many
friendships grow.
2. When friends’ communication is warm(温情的；热心的；友好的) and open(诚恳；坦诚；直率), friendships grow best.
Friendships grow best between friends ______________________
whose communication is warm and open.
3. Friendships are like flowers. These flowers need to be taken good care of.
Friendships are like flowers ______________________________
which/that need to be taken good care of.
4.A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit. You can count on a true friend.
A relationship with a true friend ______________________________ will surely produce fruit.
(whom/that/who)you can count on
5. You have been helped by others. To make friends, you should help others in the same way.
To make friends, you should help others the way ______________________________
(in which/that) you have been helped.
B2. The passage below is about friendship in a great plete the passage with correct relative pronouns where necessary. P35
In Mark Twain’s [twe n][马克·吐温(1835-1910，美国小说家)] Adventures of Huckleberry [ h klb ri] Finn, the friendship (1)____________ forms between Huck Finn and Jim is an important theme of the book, though they appear to be an unlikely pair(一对伴儿).
which/that
(1)《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国作家马克·吐温创作的长篇小说。故事的主人公是哈克贝利·费恩，他为了追求自由的生活，逃亡到密西西比河上。在逃亡途中，他遇到了黑奴吉姆，两个人历经了种种奇遇。小说赞扬了男孩哈克贝利的机智和善良，同时塑造了一位富有尊严的黑奴形象。
(2) unlikely adj.
A. ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that…) 不大可能发生的
The project seemed unlikely to succeed.
这个项目似乎难以成功。
In the unlikely event of a problem arising, please contact the hotel manager.
万一出现问题，请找旅馆经理。
It's most (= very) unlikely that she'll arrive before seven.
她极不可能在七点前到达。
B. [只用于名词前] 非心目中的；非想象的
He seems a most unlikely candidate for the job.他似乎是最不适合担任这项工作的人选。
They have built hotels in the most unlikely places.
他们把旅馆建在最冷门的地方。
C. [只用于名词前] 难以相信的；不能信服的
She gave me an unlikely explanation for her behaviour.
她对自己行为的解释很难令我信服。
反义词：likely
Huck is a poor white boy (2)_______ father often beats him, while Jim is a black slave (3)_____ longs [(尤指对看似不会很快发生的事)渴望] to be free.
One day, Huck runs away from home to an island. There he meets Jim and makes friends with him. Then they leave the island together on a raft (4)______________ they find on the Mississippi [ m s s pi] River.
whose
who
(which/that)
They head [朝(某方向)行进]north to Illinois [ l 'n (z)], a state in (5) ______ Jim can become free. The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers. In the end, Huck decides that Jim is a friend (6)________________ he needs and values, and refuses to give him up.
which
(whom/that/who)
hand sb/sth over (to sb)
把某事物 / 某人正式交给（某人）
He handed over a cheque for $200 000.他交出了一张20万元的支票。
They handed the weapons over to the police.他们把武器交给了警方。
hand sb over to sb
（尤指打电话或在新闻广播中）让某人听另一个人讲话或同其谈话
I'll hand you over to my boss.
请跟我的老板讲。
hand sth over (to sb) | hand over (to sb) | hand sth over (to sb)
把（权力或责任）移交给（某人）
She resigned and handed over to one of her younger colleagues.她辞职了，由一位比她年轻的同事接任。
He finally handed over his responsibility for the company last year.
他终于在去年交出了公司的职务。
give sb up
A. ( also give up on sb) 对某人的到来（或康复、能否找到等）不再抱有希望
There you are at last! We'd given you up.
你终于来了！我们都以为你不来了呢。
His teachers seem to have given up on him.
他的老师似乎不再对他抱有希望。
B. 与某人断绝关系；不再与某人交往
Why don't you give him up
你为什么不与他一刀两断呢？
give up投降；认输；放弃
They gave up without a fight.
他们不战而降。
She doesn't give up easily.
她决不轻易认输。
I give up─tell me the answer.
我放弃了，把答案告诉我吧。
give sth up
A. [无被动态] 停止；中止；放弃；抛弃
She didn’t give up work when she had the baby.她生了孩子后并未放弃工作。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
B. 把（本该做其他事的时间）耗费于
I gave up my weekend to help him paint his apartment.
我耗费了一个周末帮他粉刷房间。
give sth up (to sb):to hand sth over to sb else 把…交给（或让与）
We had to give our passports up to the authorities.
我们得把护照交给当局。
give yourself/sb up (to sb)
自首；投案；投降
After a week on the run he gave himself up to the police.
他逃跑一周后向警方投案自首了。
From this story we can see that friends are people (7)__________ support you through thick and thin.
through thick and thin不顾艰难险阻；赴汤蹈火；同甘共苦
He's supported the team for over ten years through thick and thin.
十多年来，在任何情况下他都支持这个队。
who/that
Are Huck Finn and Jim true friends Why do you think so
Yes, they are. Because Huck refuses to give Jim to those slave catchers.
B3. In pairs, describe a friend of ours using restrictive relative clauses. Use the example below to help you. P35 Example:
My best friend is Owen [ uin]. I met him at a Reading Club meeting (which/that) we both attended. We have the same taste(爱好；志趣) in books, and we often spend hours discussing novels (which/that) we’ve both read. I must say, he’s one of the smartest people (that) I have ever met.
My best friend is Hannah[ h n ] . I met her in a park in which I play badminton. One day, the friend who I normally(平常) play with had to go home early, and I was about to leave too. That was the moment when Hannah came up to me and asked if I wanted to play with her. We got on really well and soon became close friends. I know she is someone that I can rely on in times of difficulty.
Workbook P70
C. Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns or “preposition +which” where necessary.
1. All my classmates enjoyed the cake ____________ I made.
2. She has a brother _______ name I can’t remember.
3. It is believed by many people that the man _________ makes no mistakes does not usually make anything.
(which/that)
whose
who/that
4. My sister Tina likes reading novels ___________ were written by Charles Dickens.
5. It is an Australian _______ company logo looks like a red kangaroo.
6. The book ____________ I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting.
which/that
whose
(which/that)
7. This is the best film ______ we have ever made about friendship.
8. I really admire people __________ can work in such difficult conditions.
9. The man ________________ we met in the street just now used to be my English teacher.
10. I admire the way ___________ he solves the problem.
(that)
who/that
(whom/that/who)
(that/in which)(共43张PPT)
Getting along with others
Unit 3
Integrated skills
Describing the qualities
of a good friend
◆内容分析
本板块围绕单元话题，以“描述好朋友的品质”创设情境，引导学生获取听力材料中Tim遇到的问题及他的好朋友 Patrick给他的建议和帮助，学习如何给予积极的建议；再通过 Patrick的日记了解他心目中好朋友应当具备的品质；最后组织学生开展讨论，写一篇有关好朋友品质的日记，掌握日记的写作特征。
◆教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. be clear about the good qualities of a good friend;
2. grasp the features of a diary entry.
3. write a diary entry about what makes a good friend.
A. Tim is talking to his friend Patrick[ p trik] about his problems. Listen and finish the exercises below.
A1. Listen to Patrick and Tim’s conversation and tick Tim’s problems in the boxes below. P36
1. Tim does not have enough time for his schoolwork.
2. Tim is not sure what he wants to be in the future .
√
3. Tim has found his Maths homework quite difficult recently.
4. Tim is unhappy because he has no friends who can help him.
5. Tim does not understand some key points in his Chinese classes.
6. Tim is having difficulty with the reading task his Chinese teacher has given him.
√
√
√
A2. Listen to Patrick and Tim’s conversation again and complete the notes below.
How Patrick helps Tim
◆Cheering Tim up by using positive language
Ask him not to (1)_______.
Express his confidence in him.
worry
◆ Offering to (2)_________________ together with Tim.
Find out how much time Tim should spend on (3)__________.
Find out how much time Tim should spend on Maths and Chinese
◆Planning to help Tim with his (4)___________(学校作业；课堂作业；课外作业).
make a timetable
his project
schoolwork
Meet after school and go over (5) ____________________ together.
(6)______________ [(与…)交换看法(或意见等)] to make sure Tim doesn't miss anything important.
Do some reading together (7)______________.
the challenging parts
Compare notes
at the weekend
Tapescript
Patrick: Hey, Tim! You look really tired. What's up [(尤指异常或不愉快的事情)发生，出现]
Tim: Hi, Patrick! You see, I'm busy with my project for the science competition at the end of November but we also have Maths and Chinese exams at the same time. I just wish there were 48 hours in a day!
Patrick: It seems you’re having trouble balancing your schoolwork and your project. But don’t worry. I can help you. First, tell me how your science project is going.
Tim: I’m working really hard on it. This project is very important to me. It isn’t just about winning a competition [ k mp t n].
Researching the physics of sound has given me a focus and an aim in my life. I will do my best to become a physicist in the future.
Patrick: I’m sure you can make it! And how are your Maths and Chinese classes going[(事情)进展，进行]
Tim: To be honest, I have found our Maths homework quite difficult lately.
And as for Chinese, there are some key points I don’t understand, and I’m struggling with the reading task our Chinese teacher has asked us to do.
Patrick: Listen, I have a good idea. First we can make a timetable together to see how much time you should spend on your project, and how much time on your Maths and Chinese.
Tim: Great!
Patrick: I can also help you with your schoolwork. Why don’t we meet after school and go over the challenging parts together We can compare notes so you don’t miss anything important. And we can do some reading together at the weekend.
Tim: Thanks so much.
Patrick: That’s what friends are for. Don't worry!
B. Read Patrick’s diary entry below and try to understand his idea of what makes a good friend.
4 November
Dear Diary,
Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I’m so glad that I could help my best friend. It also left me thinking about what it really means to be a “good friend”.
leave使保留，让…处于（某种状态、某地等）
[动词 + 名词短语 + 形容词]
Leave the door open, please.
请把门开着吧。
[动词 + 名词短语 + -ing短语]
Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
别让她在外边雨里等着。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes.
把大米煮20分钟。
In my opinion, the following qualities form the basis of a friendship.
A good friend needs to be supportive (热心援助的). I can see that Tim is having trouble balancing his project and his schoolwork, and I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the choices he makes. I should also encourage him to take action to get over these difficulties.
A good friend also needs to be selfless. Tim is someone whom I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me. △ When he’s struggling with his schoolwork, I should do all (that) I can (do) to help him become a more efficient learner. △It'll take up some of my spare time, but this friendship is worth my extra time and effort.
everything
whatever
take up sth
占用（时间）；占据（空间）
The table takes up too much room.
这张桌子太占地方。
I won't take up any more of your time.我不再占用你的时间了。
take up继续；接下去
The band's new album takes up where their last one left off.这个乐队的新唱片集是接上一集的乐曲录制的。
take sth up
A. 将（衣服等）改短
This skirt needs taking up.
这条裙子需要改短。
反义词：let down
B. （尤指为消遣）学着做，开始做
They've taken up golf [ɡ lf].
他们学起打高尔夫球来了。
C. 开始从事
He takes up his duties next week.
他下周就要开始履行职责。
D. 一起唱；一齐说
to take up the chorus [ k r s]加入合唱
E. 继续（他人未完成的事）；接着讲（以前提过的事）
She took up the story where Tim had left off.她接着讲蒂姆未讲完的故事。
I'd like to take up the point you raised earlier.我想继续谈一谈你早些时候提出的问题。
F. 进入，占据（位置）
I took up my position by the door.
我把住了门口。
G. 接受（建议或能得到的东西）
to take up a challenge接受挑战
She took up his offer of a drink.
他请她喝一杯，她接受了。
I’m sure that Tim would do the same for me.
To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person. And I think Tim is the one who brings out the best in me. Through our conversation today, I know that our friendship will grow stronger(牢固的) than ever. I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure(衡量) myself by these standards as our friendship develops.
bring sth out
A. 使显现；使表现出
A crisis brings out the best in her .
危机促使她表现出她最好的一面。
B. 使显出；阐明
That dress really brings out the colour of your eyes.
那件衣服果真能衬托出你眼睛的颜色。
C. 生产；出版
The band have just brought out their second album.
这个乐队刚刚推出了他们的第二张专辑。
Read Patrick’s diary entry and complete the following sentence.
A good friend should:
be supportive, selfless and bring out the best in a person.
Answer the following questions.
(1)What’s the function [ f k n] (作用) of paragraph 1 of the diary entry
It functions as(起…作用；具有…功能) an introduction [ ntr d k n] to the whole diary entry.
(2)How are the rest of the three paragraphs organized
The first sentence of each paragraph is used as a topic sentence, which is followed by supporting details.
Think of adjectives to describe the qualities of a good friend.
Qualities of a good friend
sincere
loyal
respectful
generous
dependable
protective呵护的；有保护欲的
positive
honest
forgiving
straightforward
C. In pairs, discuss what qualities are important to you in a friend. Use the following ideas and expressions to help you. Include examples from your personal experience.
Qualities of a good friend
selfless patient supportive helpful humorous and fun
honest and open(诚恳；坦诚；直率; 思想开明的；不固执己见的)
Expressions
Giving example:
For example/For instance…,
Take my experience as an example.
Let me give you a few examples of…
…is/provides a good example.
Once, I read a news story about/ heard about…
Possible answer
A: I think good friends should be honest. A good friend is like a mirror and lets you know what is happening. For instance, when I was upset that I got a low mark(成绩；分数；等级) in Maths, my best friend reminded me that I had spent too much time playing games on my phone instead of studying. At first I was angry, but then I realized
she wanted me to be serious(当真的；认真的) about my studies.
B: I agree. They should be trustworthy [ tr stw i] (值得信任的；可信赖的；可靠的) too. Take my experience as an example. At junior high [(美国的)初级中学 ] I failed an English exam and was very embarrassed [ m b r st].
My best friend tried to help me but I said no at first because I thought she’d tell everyone my secret--- she didn’t. We’re still good friends because we trust each other very much.
A: Great! That’s what trustworthy friends do. My best friend knows all my secrets too and I can talk to her about anything.
Being humorous is just as important Once, I read an article about two best friends who met almost sixty years ago! Their secret(诀窍；秘诀) is that they always try to make each other laugh.
B: That’s a good example of how humour can maintain a friendship.
A: You’re right! All these qualities make(使出现；引发；使产生) long-lasting [(可)持久的；长期的] relationships.
D. Write a diary entry about what makes a good friend. Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you. P38
◆ Planning your writing
Learning about the text type
A diary entry is a record of a person’s experiences, thoughts, feelings or plans.
As a personal form of writing, a diary entry is generally not meant to be read by anyone else.
Learning about the format [ f m t]
When you write a diary entry, you can write the date in the top left-hand corner of the page and begin with “Dear Diary”.
Learning about the language
Try to use informal(非正式的；口语体的) English, as if you were talking to a close friend. The first person “I” is often used in a diary entry.
◆ Checking your writing
Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts(草稿；草案；草图) between you and your partner.
Pay attention to the following aspects.
Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice of words
Style (formal/informal)
Structure
◆ Self-review
What qualities of a good friend do you mention in your writing
Do the examples support your opinion
◆Peer review
What suggestions does your partner give
What changes can you make accordingly(相应地)
21 November
Dear Diary,
Friendship is very important to me. In my opinion, there are certain qualities that are very important in a friend.
First, a good friend should be humorous. △ Nothing makes spending time together more fun than a friend who makes you laugh.(没有什么比和一个能逗你笑的朋友在一起更有趣的了)
My best friend is a funny girl. I feel happy when I listen to her talking. We laugh at the funny scenes in films, we laugh at each other’s silly mistakes, and we laugh at ourselves as well. △No true friendship can grow unless the people involved(包含的;涉及的) are able to laugh together.除非当事人能够一起欢笑，否则真正的友谊是无法成长的。
Second, a close friend should also be trustworthy. A true friend has to be someone you can trust with(托付；托交；把…委托给某人照管) your secrets. Whenever I feel low(沮丧的；消沉的；无精打采的), my best friend has a way to break through 克服；战胜) my tears. She was the one I turned to when I got a low mark in Maths, when I lost the game in the school sports meeting,
and when I had a big argument with my parents.
Finally, a true friend should be honest. A good friend must be able to tell you the truth not only when you are right, but also when you are wrong. Without this, the friendship will only ever exist on the surface and never develop a deeper meaning. In fact. I am glad that my friend can always point out what I have done wrong.
I might be upset at first, but when I realize that she is like a mirror which honestly reflects my mistakes. I have to admit that this friendship makes me a better person.
Generally speaking, a true friend will have all three of these qualities. △A friendship where both parties have all of these qualities will surely be a long-lasting relationship. It will enrich the lives of both friends.(共45张PPT)
Getting along with others
Unit 3
Project
Making a scrapbook about friendship
◆内容分析
本板块要求我们围绕“友谊”这一主题，以小组单位，合作完成一本剪贴簿。根据本单元所学语言知识和文化知识，我们需首先讨论确定剪贴簿所要涵盖的主题，并就所选话题进行深入探究。在探究过程中我们可以通过不同的渠道查找相关信息、获取有用资源，但须注意信息源的权威性与准确性。
在制作剪贴簿的过程中，我们可以参照课本范例，对所获信息进行合理的梳理与整合，并对材料内容给出自己的观点与评价，最后共同完成本小剪贴簿页面的制作。当堂展示制作成果，用英语对其进行介绍，全班对各组的展示做简要点评。最后各小组把内容页面完善并进行合并，形成一本以“友谊”为主题的剪贴簿合集。
◆教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. gather information about scrapbooks from different sources;
2. make a scrapbook about friendship through cooperation [k p re n] and exploration [ ekspl re n];
3. present the outcome of group work;
4. evaluate and comment on each other’s work.
Answer the following questions.
(1)What is a scrapbook
A scrapbook is a method of preserving [pr 'z :v ], presenting [(以某种方式)展现，显示，表现] and arranging(整理；排列；布置) theme-focused material in the form of a book. A scrapbook can include photographs and pictures.
Scrapbook albums are often decorated and frequently contain extensive [ k stens v](大量的) journal [ d nl](日志；日记) entries.
(2) How should we make a scrapbook
First, we should decide what we want to put in the scrapbook. Then we should design its layout(布局；布置；设计；安排) appropriately [ 'pr pr tl ] to arrange the chosen material.
Finally, we need to use tools such as colour pens, scissors [ s z z](剪刀), stickers(粘贴标签；贴纸) and glue (胶；胶水) to put all the collected material together.
A. As a class, discuss what aspects should be included in a scrapbook about friendship. You can use the ideas below or think of other ideas. Then in groups, pick one aspect to research. P41
stories poems films books…
B. As a group, research your chosen aspect. You should also explain what you think of the stories, poems, etc.
Tip
Searching for information from different sources.
You can use the library, the Internet and other sources to search for the information you need.
Remember to:
check the date of the information you find, whether printed or online.
check the source of the information you find: generally speaking, information from official sources can be trusted.
How can you search for information on the chosen aspect about friendship
We can use the library, the Internet, newspapers, magazines and other sources. However we must ensure the authority(权威) [ θ r ti] and accuracy[准确(性)；精确(程度)] [ kj r si] of the information.
C. As a group, put together our information to make your part of the scrapbook. Use the example below to help you. Present your part to the rest of the class. Then as a class, put all the parts together to make the scrapbook. P41
Li Bai and Du Fu, two of the greatest poets in Chinese history, formed a lasting friendship.
Stories of their friendship have come down to this very day.
The two poets first met in the year 744, when Li Bai, already a well-known poet, was 43 years of age and Du Fu was 32. They admired each other and quickly became friends.
come down (to sb./sth.)
（从很久以前）流传下来
The name has come down from the last century.
这名称是从上个世纪流传下来的。
Though the two poets met only a couple of times during their lives, their shared love of poems kept them close together. They wrote many poems to and about each other. In one poem, Du Fu wrote:
When can we again hold a cup of wine,
And chat about poem-writing line 何时一樽酒， 重与细论文。
(From Missing Li Bai on a Spring Day
春日忆李白)
The relationship between Li Bai and Du Fu shows that shared interests form the basis of true friendship, which ties one heart to the other no matter how far away they are from each other.
(1)What does the sample [ sɑ mpl] page mainly focus on
(2)What’s the basis of their friendship
It focuses on the friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu.
Shared interests-poems.
(3)What do you think of the sample
The sample, though short, is appealing (有吸引力的；有感染力的；令人感兴趣的), which can help us make reflections on the meaning of friendship.
(4)How many parts does this scrapbook page consist of
It consists of three parts: a text, an illustration [ l stre n] [(书、杂志等中的)图表，插图]and a personal comment.
Put together all the information to make a page of the scrapbook. Add related pictures and content if necessary. Remind them to pay attention to the layout of the whole page. Have them proofread(校阅；校对；勘校) draft to make sure that there are no mistakes.
When the scrapbook is finished, each group member should read it carefully and give suggestions on how to improve it.
Present our scrapbook page to the whole class by talking about our chosen aspect about friendship in English. Display their pages among groups. At the end of each presentation, other groups should ask questions about it or put forward suggestions.
Building skills P72-73
B. Reading and writing
B1. The magazine article describes the great lengths one boy went to when his friend was in danger. Read the article and answer the questions below.
go to any, some, great, etc. lengths (to do sth): to put a lot of effort into doing sth, especially when this seems extreme 竭尽全力；不遗余力
She goes to extraordinary [ k str dnri] lengths to keep her private life private.她竭尽全力让自己的私生活不受干扰。
How far would you go to help a friend Jeremy Savage [ s v d ], aged 17, and Ian [i n] Marshall ['mɑ: l], aged 16, both from Canada, had their friendship tested to the limit on a recent trip to the Rocky Mountains with their parents.
On Saturday morning, the two boys decided to climb Cathedral [k θi dr l] Mountain(卡西德勒尔山) by themselves while their parents relaxed at the campsite. After three hours, they reached the top and enjoyed the beautiful view from the mountaintop.
However, trouble began when they started the climb down.
On one very dangerous part of the mountain, lan fell three metres off the side of the path. Jeremy climbed down to where lan was and found him badly injured and not able to move. Jeremy had to decide what to do. He needed help but he did not want to leave his friend. He cleaned the dirt and blood from lan’s face and hands, and then tried to help lan stand up, but lan’s right leg was hurting too much.
They had to wait and hope that help would come.
Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very worried that the boys had not returned. They got in touch with park workers and began searching for the boys. Soon more than 20 people were looking for them on Cathedral Mountain.
While they waited for help, Jeremy gave lan his food and water and let him lie on his jacket. As the evening grew darker and the temperature dropped, lan told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy still did not leave. He thought it was too dangerous for lan to be alone on such a cold windy night. Jeremy used his jacket and an extra shirt to keep lan warm and they rested together through the night.
At sunrise, Jeremy decided that the only way to help his friend was to carry him down the mountain. So, they started the long climb back to the campsite. Sometimes Jeremy carried lan on his back. Sometimes he carried him in his arms. Finally, after four long and tiring hours, they came across their parents, who were relieved(感到宽慰的；放心的；显得开心的) to see them.
“I will always remember what Jeremy did for me,” said lan afterwards. “He saved my life. That is the greatest thing that a person can do for his friend.”
1. What does the underlined word “relieved” in the last paragraph mean Find its antonym [ nt n m] (a word with an opposite meaning反义词) in the magazine article.
“Relieved” means that you are no longer anxious or worried about something. Its antonym is “worried”.
2. Complete the timeline of the main events that happened in the article below.
On Saturday morning:
The boys ___________________
Three hours later:
The boys ____________________
went climbing alone.
reached the top of
the mountain.
While climbing down:
lan ________________________
As darkness fell: People started
______________________
At night: The boys ________________
At sunrise:_____________________ down the mountain.
Four hours later: The boys ________________________________
lan fell and was badly injured.
searching for the boys.
rested together.
Jeremy started to carry lan
were saved/came across their parents.
B2. What Jeremy and lan experienced was a test of their friendship. Rewrite the story from Jeremy’s or lan’s point of view. Add details about what happened and how you felt. P73
(Possible answer)
It all happened one weekend when we went camping in the Rocky Mountains. Jeremy and I decided to climb Cathedral Mountain while our parents waited at camp. We are both experienced climbers, and although the climb was quite long, it wasn’t too difficult.
We made it to the top easily.
The view was fantastic, but we started back down soon afterwards. We wanted to get back to the campsite before it started to get dark. About halfway down, I slipped (滑倒；滑跤) and fell off the path. For a moment I couldn’t feel anything, but then an awful pain shot( 剧痛跳窜) through my leg and blood ran down my face and hands.
It hurt so much! Somehow Jeremy managed to get down to me. We both shouted and shouted in the hope that someone would come to help us, but no one arrived. Jeremy insisted that I have his food and water and tried to make me comfortable with his clothes.
As it got darker and colder, I told Jeremy to leave me and to go back to camp to get help, but he said no.
He told me he thought it was too dangerous to leave me alone at night. We tried calling again, but there was no reply. We tried to make ourselves as warm and comfortable as possible and decided to wait until morning.
I don’t remember much about the next morning. I was tired and in so much pain. I couldn’t think clearly. Jeremy said he couldn’t leave me so he decided to carry me down.
Every step was painful for us both, but Jeremy just kept putting one foot in front of the other. Slowly, carefully, and with great difficulty, he made it down the mountain. Four long hours later, we heard our parents calling our names. We were saved! I will never forget what Jeremy did. He was there for me when I was at my most helpless. He saved my life----the greatest thing a friend can do.
be there for sb
随叫随到；不离…左右
You know I'll always be there for you.你知道我将永远在你左右。
Further study
Heidi [ haidi] is a classic [ kl s k] (经典的) novel by the Swiss author Johanna Spyri. It tells a heart-warming(使人幸福愉快的) story about a girl named Heidi and her friendship with a wheelchair-bound girl. Read the novel to find out about Heidi’s adventures with her friend.
The film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants《牛仔裤的夏天》 is about friendships between four girls, who try to stay connected during the summer by sharing a pair of jeans. Watch the film to find out what happens to them.(共82张PPT)
Getting along with others
Unit 3
Reading
◆内容分析
【What】本板块话题为“友谊危机”，以论坛发帖交流的形式呈现当代青少年在交友过程中遇到的困扰以及不同网友提出的解决方案。文本内容符合学生身心发展特征，体现出鲜明的互动性、时代性和开放性。
【Why】本文通过探讨青少年的友谊危机，引导学生审视友谊的重要性与深刻内涵，选择理性的交友方式，妥善处理交友过程中面临的问题，锻炼人际交往的能力，磨炼应对困难的意志力，为青少年身心健康的协调发展奠定良好的基础。
【How】本文的语篇类型为新媒体语篇，由一篇论坛主题帖和两篇回复帖组成。主题帖讲述了朋友交往过程中的一个矛盾冲突，其中包含了叙事情节发展的基本要素：情节交代、情节发展、高潮、情节回落，而在本文中故事结尾则交由读者自行合理推断，给读者留下了想象的空间。此外，文本中多处使用表示转折含义的连接词，有助学生理解语篇内部的语义逻辑关系。
◆教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. summarize the post of the forum exchange and provide an ending to it;
2. apply the plot line theory and understand the contrastive [k n trɑ:st v] linking devices(手段；策略；方法；技巧) in it;
3.adopt a positive attitude and practical solutions to deal with real-life friendship problems.
It is often difficult to start a friendship and even more difficult to keep one. △The forum exchange below includes a post written by Amy, a teenage girl who had a problem with her best friend Jenny, and two replies. Before you read the forum exchange, think about the following questions. P30
1.Do you think there are “friends for life” Why or why not
Yes, I do. I know some of my parents’ friends who have been friends with my parents since primary school and they are still the best of friends. They all grew up in the same neighbourhood and went to the same schools.
Even if they do not see or talk to each other often now, they know each other so well and can rely on each other no matter what happens. I believe friends of this type will remain friends for life.
2.Would you turn to online communities for advice about maintaining friendships Why or why not
Option 1: I don’t think I would because I don’t like to share my personal problems online. I think it is better to speak to my friends or ask parents for advice if something is wrong.
Sharing personal problems online can lead to more problems such as the invasion[ n ve n] (侵犯；干预) of your privacy [ pr v si](隐私) by people you don’t know. It could be embarrassing [ m b r s ](令人害羞的;让人难堪的;令人尴尬的 )
and even quite dangerous.
Option 2: Yes, I would because I think there are many people of my age online. It can give me advice. I feel shy to talk about my problems with my friends or parents, so online communities are a great way for me to express myself.
When I chat to my online friends, I feel part of a community that comes from similar backgrounds and has had the same experiences. We can therefore share advice with each other without feeling embarrassed [ m b r st][(尤指在社交场合）窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的].
Friendship on the rocks:
please advise
友谊触礁，急需建议！
Predict [pr d kt] the content(内容) [ k ntent] of the forum exchange according to the title. What could “on the rocks” possibly mean How can you tell that
The title indicates [ indikeits] that the friendship may be in trouble because “Friendship is torn apart and the latter half of the title is “please advise”.
on the rocks
A. （关系或生意）陷于困境，濒临崩溃
Sue’s marriage is on the rocks.
苏的婚姻触礁。
B. (饮料) 加冰块（但不加水）的
Scotch on the rocks
加冰块的苏格兰威士忌酒
tear sb apart使不快；使担心
It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings.
一想到我可能伤害了她的感情，我就感到痛心。
tear sth apart
A. 撕毁；撕碎
The dogs tore the fox apart.
几条狗把那只狐狸撕成了碎片。
B. 使四分五裂；使分崩离析
C. 把（某处）翻得凌乱不堪
They tore the room apart, looking for money.
他们为了找钱，把房间翻得乱七八糟。
Amy [ e m ]
Monday 12/10 9:13 p.m.
My best friend and I have been close (亲密的；密切的) for eight years. When I was an awkward[(行动)笨拙的,害羞的] primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.
Since then, a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me. Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. But last Saturday, she broke my heart, and I’m still picking up the pieces [收拾心情；(使)恢复；补救；收拾残局].
whether（表示两种情况都真实）是…（还是），或者…（或者），不管…（还是）
I'm going whether you like it or not .
不管你愿意不愿意，我都要走了。
Whether or not we’re successful, we can be sure that we did our best.
不管成功与否，我们确已尽了最大努力。
hang out
A. (informal) 常去某处;常和某人厮混
I don’t really know who she hangs out with.我不太清楚她平时都常和一些什么人在起。
B. hang sth. + out 晾晒(衣服 )
Hang the wet things out to dry.
把这些湿东西拿出去晾干。
C. let it all hang out 休息,做自己想做的事
D. hang sb. out to dry (艰难处境中)不支持某人，把责任推卸给某人
break 使心碎；使十分悲伤；使孤寂
The death of his wife broke him completely.妻子的死使他悲痛欲绝。
pick up the pieces（使）恢复；补救；收拾残局
You cannot live your children’s lives for them; you can only be there to pick up the pieces when things go wrong.
你不能替孩子过活，只能在出现问题时帮忙解决。
Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema. “Don’t worry,” I said. “Get some rest. We can wait till you get better.”
Today, however, I received a horrible surprise. A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a cafe on Saturday afternoon. How stupid I was! My friend’s “illness” was a complete lie! Instead of recovering at home, she was out having fun with someone else.
I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages. The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss what to do next.
feel like sth/like doing sth
想要某物；想做某事
I feel like a drink.
我想喝一盅。
We all felt like celebrating.
我们都想庆祝一番。
We'll go for a walk if you feel like it.
要是你愿意，我们去散散步。
kill
A. vt.(通常用于进行时，不用于被动语态) 使痛苦；使疼痛；使受折磨
My feet are killing me.
我的脚痛死了。
B.vt.(North Amercian English) 使笑得前仰后合；使笑死了
Stop it! You're killing me!
别说了！你都把我笑死了！
at a loss不知所措；困惑
His comments left me at a loss for words .
他的评论让我不知说什么才好。
I'm at a loss what to do next.
我对下一步做什么心里没谱。
Cindy
Monday 12/10 9:52 p.m.
I’m so sorry! But this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time! Don’t be so quick to judge your friend. Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation [ ekspl ne n]
for her behaviour.
worh sth/doing sth
A. （指行动）值得，有价值
The museum is certainly worth a visit.
这家博物馆的确值得参观。
This idea is well worth considering.
这个想法很值得考虑。
It's worth making an appointment before you go.
去之前预约一下是值得的。
B. 值得（费周折）
The new house really wasn't worth all the expense involved.
这座新房子确实不值这么多的花费。
The job involves a lot of hard work but it's worth it .
这工作需要花费很大力气，但是值得。
Was it worth the effort
这值得花费力气吗？
The trip was expensive but it was worth every penny .这次旅行花费很大，但是花的每一分钱都不冤枉。
in the wrong（在事故、错误、争论等中）有错，应承担责任
The motorcyclist was clearly in the wrong.
骑摩托车的人显然对事故负有责任。
In any case, find an opportunity to have a full(详尽的)and frank talk with her. Listen to what she has to say, and be sure to explain how you feel. I’m sure you can solve this problem together.
David
Tuesday 13/10 8:11 p.m.
I definitely understand how you feel. I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot. When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it equally.
let sb/sth go | let go (of sb/sth)
A. 放开；松手
Don't let the rope go.别松开绳子。
Don't let go of the rope.别松开绳子。
Let go! You're hurting me!
放手！你把我弄疼了。
B. 放弃，摒弃（想法、态度或控制）
It's time to let the past go.
该忘掉过去了。
It's time to let go of the past.
该忘掉过去了。
However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer [(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨], it’s time to rethink your relationship. Talk to her and decide whether this friendship is still important to you. △ It’s sad to move on, but you have to accept that friends come and go in life.放手固然令人伤感，但你必须接受这一点－生命中，朋友就是有聚有散。
move on (to sth):to start doing or discussing sth new 开始做（别的事）；换话题
I've been in this job long enough─ it's time I moved on.这工作我已经干得够久了——我该干点别的了。
Can we move on to the next item on the agenda
我们可以接着讨论下一项议程吗？
come and go
A. to arrive and leave; to move freely 来去；来往；自由走动
They had a party next door─we heard people coming and going all night.
他们在隔壁聚会，我们整夜都听见有人来来往往的声音。
B. 时来时去；忽隐忽现
The pain in my leg comes and goes.
我的腿时而疼时而不疼。
A. Understanding the text
A1. Read the forum exchange and complete the chart below. P32
Amy's problem Advice given
Saturday morning: Amy's friend said she was ill and might not be able to make it to the cinema. Saturday afternoon: (1)____________________ Monday(2)___________________________________ Cindy:
(3)________
David:
__________
Amy's friend was out
having fun with someone else.
Amy received a
horrible surprise.
Save the friendship because eight years is a long time.
Rethink this friendship and if necessary, move on.
A2. Read the forum exchange again carefully and answer the following questions. P32
1. How did Amy view her friend before
Amy thought her friend was almost like a sister to her.
2. What did Amy and her friend plan to do last Saturday afternoon
3. How did Amy learn that her friend went to a café
They planned to see a film.
Amy’s classmate told her about it.
4. What does Cindy mean by “her behaviour” in line 20
5. In what case is it time to rethink a friendship, according to David
Amy’s friend said she was too ill to see the film with Amy but went to a cafe with another girl anyway.
If one’s friend ignores their feelings or makes them suffer.
A3. In pairs, discuss the following questions.
1. What are the similarities [ s m l r ti] and differences between Cindy’s and David’s advice
They both think Amy should talk to her friend. Cindy thinks that the friendship is worth saving, while David suggests that if Amy’s friend ignores her feelings, it should be time to rethink the relationship.
2. What helpful advice can you offer Amy Draw on(凭借；利用；动用) your own experiences to give a reply to her post.
I had a friend who did something similar to me. We planned to go to the Science Museum together, but he pulled out(脱离；退出) at the last minute [(重大事情前的)最后一刻，紧要关头].
I was upset that he completely ignored my feelings. I frankly(坦率地；直率地) explained to him how I felt, and he told me his side[一方的意见(或态度、立场)] of the story. We are still best friends today because we are so honest with each other. The key is communication. Try not to be negative.
draw on/upon sth
凭借；利用；动用
I'll have to draw on my savings.
我只得动用我的存款了。
The novelist draws heavily on her personal experiences.
这位小说家在很大程度上是以她的亲身经历为素材。
pull out (of sth)
A. (火车) 驶离车站；出站
B. 脱离；退出,=withdraw
The project became so expensive that we had to pull out.这个项目变得耗资巨大，我们只得退出。
pull out(车辆或司机) 驶离路边；驶出
A car suddenly pulled out in front of me.
一辆汽车突然由路边冲到我前面。
pull sb/sth out (of sth)
使脱离；使退出,=withdraw
They are pulling their troops out of the war zone.
他们正从战区撤出军队。
3. Imagine your friend has lied to you. How would you respond
I would expect that he/she has a good reason for not telling the truth. I would talk to him/ her immediately and ask him/her the reason.
Then I would tell him her that even though I understand what he/she has done, I don’t like lies and that friends should be frank with each other.
B. Building your language
B1. Jenny is talking to her classmate Carl about Amy. Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
apologize ignore horrible
in the wrong recover respond
let go of at a loss
Carl: Hi, Jenny! It looks like you're under a lot of stress. What's wrong
Jenny: I feel (1)________. Amy misunderstood me. She is really angry and (2)_________ what to do.
Carl: What happened between you two
Jenny: Amy felt like watching a film last Saturday but the plan was cancelled [ k nsl] because I was ill.
horrible
at a loss
I spent the morning (3)___________ at home. Then I got a call from a friend whom I hadn't contacted for a long time. She asked me out for coffee.
Carl: So you went to meet her
Jenny: Yes, I did. When Amy found out, she exploded with anger(勃然大怒,大发雷霆). I wanted to explain, but she just kept (4)________ me.
recovering
ignoring
I sent her several messages, but she never (5)__________. I really don't want to (6)_________ our friendship. Do you think I should (7)__________.
Carl: No, you aren't (8)____________. But you should talk to her face to face. Amy is a generous person. She’ll understand.
responded
let go of
apologize
in the wrong
B2. “Friend” and “friendship” appear in the forum exchange as part of different collocations [(词语的)搭配][k l 'ke nz]. Read the examples below and add more collocations. P33
Tip
Learning collocations
A collocation is a group of words which commonly appear together. Using collocations will make your speech or writing more natural. Read English books, watch English films or listen to English news, and you will learn more collocations.
friendship v.+friendship
friendship+v.
adj.+ friendship
save/build /form/start up/maintain [me n te n]
/end/ value a friendship
a friendship grows/begins /starts /ends
a close/ great/good/real/ true/lasting/lifelong friendship
friend adj.+friend
v.+friend
my best friend, a dear friend, a real friend, a special friend, a true friend, a trusted friend, a new friend, an old friend, a male friend, a female friend
make friends, become friends, remain friends, stay friends, win a friend, lose a friend
B3. The forum exchange uses contrastive [k n trɑ:st v](对比的) linking words to join sentences. Find the sentences in the exchange and improve the short paragraph below using proper linking words. P33
◆ Learn this:
We use linking words like instead and however to show contrast [ k ntrɑ st](对比). This way, sentences become more structured (使形成体系；系统安排；精心组织). Here are more common contrastive linking words:
on the other hand, yet, but, while, though, although, even though, still[(虽然…)还是；但；不过],nevertheless(尽管如此；不过；然而), despite, in spite of , whereas [(用以比较或对比两个事实)然而，但是，尽管), unlike, in/by contrast (相比之下;与…相反), on the contrary(与此相反；恰恰相反), etc.
There are many important things in life. △ Not everyone agrees on which is the most important. Some people say health. Others say things like a good job. For me, the most important thing in life is friendship. △ I cannot imagine living without it.
Underline all contrastive linking words and phrases in the text
Contrastive linking words and phrases in the text are in red:
(Lines 5-6)But last Saturday, she broke my heart, and I’m still picking up the pieces.
(Lines 7-8)But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold.
(Line 11)Today, however, I received a horrible surprise.
(Line 18) But this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time!
(Lines 27-28) However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it's time to rethink your relationship.
(Lines 29-30)It’s sad to move on, but you have to accept that friends come and go in life.
Discover the elements of a plot line and recognize each element in Amy’s post. Read the following definitions [ def n n] of the elements of a plot line and complete the diagram [ da ɡr m](示意图) with these elements.
◆ Climax [ kla m ks] (高潮) is the most exciting or important part of a plot line.
◆ Exposition [ eksp z n](情节交代) provides the background information that is needed to understand what the author provides, such as the main character, the setting[(戏剧、小说等的)情节背景], the basic conflict, and so on.
◆ Falling Action (下降行动) occurs after the climax as things start to work themselves out.
◆Resolution [ rez lu n] (冲突解开) is the solution to the conflict.
◆Rising Action(上升行动) is a series of events and actions that move the plot to the climax.
(1) Exposition
(2) Rising Action
(3) Climax
(4) Falling Action
(5) Resolution
Work out the elements in Amy’s post on page 30
(1) Exposition:
Amy and her best friend have been close for eight years. However, last Saturday Amy felt betrayed [bi treid](辜负；对…不忠;背叛) by her friend.
(2)Rising action:
Originally Amy and her best friend planned to see a film last Saturday afternoon. On last Saturday morning, Amy’s friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. Amy cared about (关注；在意；担忧) her friend’s health and cancelled the appointment.
(3)Climax:
On Monday Amy was told that her friend was seen hanging out with someone else on last Saturday afternoon.
(4) Falling action:
(5)Resolution:
Amy was furious [ fj ri s](狂怒的；暴怒的) and avoided her friend during school all day. Late Monday night, Amy was asking for advice online. Two replies online offered some suggestions.
Not given in the text.
Write down your prediction [pr d k n] (预言；预测；预告) of what would happen between Amy and her best friend after Amy reads the two replies.
Possible answer
After thinking through(充分考虑；全盘考虑；想透) the advice given online, Amy still didn’t know how to solve her problem. The next morning Amy found a note on her desk saying(写着), “Could we talk after school, please Things are not like what you think.”
Amy immediately recognized that it was from her best friend. Though feeling angry, she decided to give it a go [(做某事的)尝试，一番努力]. It was somewhat awkward when they finally met. Amy’s friend broke the ice [(尤指聚会等开始时，用言语或行动)打破隔阂；打头说话] by apologizing sincerely [s n s li].
She then explained that she was ill indeed but was unexpectedly [ n k‘spekt dl ](意外地; 竟; 居然; 骤然) asked out(请…外出约会) by an old friend. She regretted that she didn’t tell Amy about this and felt terrible to see how badly it affected their friendship. Amy was also sorry for refusing to give her a chance to explain.
After all, they both wanted to save their 8-year friendship and they went back home together as if nothing had happened.(共37张PPT)
Getting along with others
Unit 3
Welcome to the unit
The glory [ ɡl ri] of friendship is not the outstretched [ a t stret t]
hand, nor the kindly smile, nor the joy of companionship [k m p ni n p] ; it is the spiritual [ sp r t u l] inspiration [ nsp re n] that comes to one when he discovers that someone else believes in him and is willing to trust him.
--Ralph [r lf] Waldo['w ld ] Emerson
“友谊的光辉并不在于伸出的援手或者善意的微笑,也不在于陪伴之时的快乐。它是当一个人发现有人相信他并愿意信任他时得到的精神鼓舞。”
----拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生
◆单元概述
主题语境： “人与社会”,
话 题： “友谊”,
语篇类型：论坛交流帖、视频、报刊文章、日记、名家散文和剪贴簿。
教学意图：帮助学生形成正确的友谊观，习得有效的沟通交流技能，促进人际交往的健康发展，建立良好的人际关系。
◆教学内容
★语言知识
◆语音知识
通过朗读课文，感受语音的变化所表达出的青少年在论坛交流时传递的态度、意图及情感。
◆词汇知识
1.单词和短语 ：
awkward, sight, original, medium, horrible, chat, cafe, recover, respond, loss, judge, apologize, behaviour, case, frank, definitely, trick, ignore, suffer, misunderstand, contact, explode, generous, shallow, blog, theme, * slave, *raft, opinion, quality, basis, respect, efficient, extra, measure, reflection, seek,
escape, benefit, comfort, joy, failure, moment, indeed, well-meaning, recognize, thorough, death, company, crowd, poet, admire, wine,
on the rocks, out of one’s sight, social media, make it, at a loss, in the wrong, in any case, let go of, count on, eat away at, come between… and…, in person, high point, through thick and thin, in one’s opinion, get over, bring out, smooth out, be meant to do something, take on, in full measure
2.词汇拓展：
了解与 friendship, friend相关的固定搭配，并将其用于理解和表达有关“友谊”主题的观点。
◆ 语法知识
在主题语境中理解和正确使用由关系代词that, which, who,whom whose引导的限制性定语从句.
◆语篇知识
1.学习新媒体文本论坛交流帖的基本语篇结构和语言特征；
2.认识和分析语篇中使用的显性衔接手段，如使用 instead, however,yet, but, while等连接词实现转折、对比等语义逻辑关系。
3.识别和了解出现的其他语篇类型：报刊文章、日记、散文和剪贴簿。
◆语用知识
1.当他人在交友过程中遇到困惑时，正确理解对方的态度、情感和观点，运用得体的语言形式给出建议，礼貌地表达自己的态度情感和观点，帮助他人解决问题。
2.在交际过程中，得体地与他人交流沟通，建立和谐的人际关系。
★文化知识
1.理解不同文化背景下的友谊观，从而实现有效的跨文化交际。
2.通过文化交流缔结深厚友谊，兼收并蓄中西方优秀文化，理解全人类共同发展的意义。
3.理解和欣赏名家散文《论友谊》，比较、分析、思考、区分和鉴别语篇所反映的社会文化现象，感悟其精神内涵，并反思自己的交友情况。
★语言技能
听
1.理解青少年网络论坛交流者表达的意图，并提取主要信息，理性看待青少年交友问题，树立正确的交友观。
2.提取并记录交谈过程中的主要信息，如学习和生活上的困扰、有针对性的建议等。
说
1.以口头形式正确描述青少年交往所遇到的问题与困惑，并提出有效的解决方案。
2.能根据思路提示并结合自身经历，举例说明朋友身上的何种品质最为重要。
读
1.把握论坛交流帖的篇章结构，抓住新媒体语篇中的关键信息。
2.了解青少年交友问题产生的缘由，同时理解不同网友给出的建议及理由。
3.阅读散文名篇《论友谊》,把握其语篇要义，即“友谊的重要性”， 能批判性地理解语篇内容。
看
理解三位青少年在视频中所表达的交友困扰，结合画面、图像、声音、符号、色彩等非文字信息把握细节内容。
写
1.学会使用转折对比连接词来衔接句子，从而提高文本逻辑上的连贯性。
2.掌握日记的语篇结构及其语言特征。能正确表达自己对“青少年良好友谊关系”这一话题的见解。
★学习策略
元认知策略
通过图书馆、互联网等渠道获得更广泛的以“友谊”为主题的信息，扩充学习资源。
认知策略
学会使用表达转折对比语义的连接词，有逻辑地组织信息、衔接上学习策略下文。
交际策略
在与同龄人交流个人观点时，能通过解释、复述、举例等手段实现有效交流、自然表达。
情感策略
有合作学习的能力，乐于分享与单元话题相关的学习资源，能主动从多渠道收集信息，开展学习。
◆单元目标
1.了解新媒体语篇论坛交流帖的语言特征和写作风格；
2.体悟友谊的重要性，学会建立良好的人际关系。
3.恰当地使用由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
4.理解友谊的真谛并撰写日记一则；
5.与同伴合作，共同完成以“友谊”为主题的剪贴簿。
In this unit, we are going to:
read a forum exchange about a friendship in trouble;
write a diary entry about the qualities of a good friend;
read an essay on friendship;
make a scrapbook[ skr pb k](剪贴簿) about friendship.
Welcome to the unit
◆内容分析
本板块话题为“青少年交友困扰”。教学活动通过观看一段三位青少年自述他们在交友中所遇问题的视频，激发学生联系个人与朋友相处时的真实感受，理性分析交往中产生摩擦的原因，给出妥善处理与朋友之间关系的具体措施，从而培养学生人际沟通交流、解决实际问题的能力。本板块旨在引导学生增进同伴间的理解与信赖，体悟友谊的内涵与价值，为单元学习做准备。
◆教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
share our stories of teenager friendship problems and analyse possible causes;
offer practical solutions to specific friendship problems;
know the significance of friendship and appreciate famous quotations(语录).
Teenagers may have difficulty maintaining their friendships. Watch the video and finish the following exercises. P29
Bill’s problem:
Bill and his best friend do not share the same interests now.
Jane’s problem:
Harry’s problem:
Jane misses her best friend from junior high.
Harry is too shy to make friends with the other boys in his class.
Video script
Host: Hello, everyone! Today we are going to talk about friendship. The English poet John Donne[‘d n ] [约翰·多恩(英国诗人)] wrote: “No man is an island, entire of itself.”(没有人是自成一体、与世隔绝的孤岛。) We all long for the company of friends, yet sometimes we are not sure how to start or keep a friendship.
Bill, Jane and Harry are three teenagers who are faced with such problems. Let’s find out about what they have to share with us.
Bill: Hello, I’m Bill. I have a best friend whom I have known since primary school and I’m really glad that we are at the same senior high school. However, things have changed.
We no longer share the same interests. We used to be crazy about comics [(尤指儿童看的)连环画杂志], and we always read comic books together. Now I still love comics, but my friend has dropped(停止；终止；放弃) the hobby. △ Whenever I suggest reading a comic book together, he always disagrees, saying he would prefer to play football instead.
I feel we have less and less in common and now we don’t have much to talk about.
Jane: Hello, my name is Jane. It's been nearly a month since I entered senior high school, but I still miss my best friend from junior high. She and I have been best friends for three years and we used to stick together, sharing everything with one another.(形影不离，什么都分享。)
stick together
(informal) (人) to stay together and support each other 团结在一起
But now we don’t see each other very often and sometimes I can’t help thinking whether she has found another best friend.
Harry: Hi, I’m Harry. I love my new school. My teachers and fellow students are fantastic [f n t st k]. I have every hope of making friends with the other boys in my class.
Whenever I see them together, I wish to join in, to talk and laugh with them, but I dare not. I’m afraid they don’t like me, and that they would laugh at me. Am I a bit too shy
Host: Now that we’ve heard Bills, Jane’s and Harry’s problems, do you have any suggestions for them And have you had any similar experiences We look forward to hearing from you.
1. What advice can you give these teenagers
Bill can talk to his friend about this problem first. If his friend also feels the same, perhaps it is time to rethink their friendship and let go of it.
Jane can keep in touch with her friend on social media. She can also pick a day to meet her friend in person.
Harry needs to be brave enough to be the first to say hi to his classmates. Then he will find they are friendly and a friendship naturally grows.
2. What friendship problems have you had Share your experience.
I once had a quarrel with my best friend because I thought she said something mean[ (人或其行为) ]不善良；刻薄]about me behind my back. When it turned out that I misunderstood her, I apologized to her and we became good friends again.
Answer the following questions.
(1)What other problems might teenagers face in friendships
Teenagers might misunderstand each other. They may feel hurt when they think their friends do not value their friendship.
(2)What are the possible reasons behind friendship problems
One of the causes is that teenagers face much more peer pressure than before, so sometimes they tend to break down.其中一个原因是青少年比以前面临更多的同龄人压力，所以有时他们倾向于崩溃。
Not all teenagers can put themselves in others’ shoes and communicate with each other appropriately [ pr pri tli]. In addition, when in trouble, some teenagers don’t know who to turn to for help.
