南坪高级中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试
英语试题 原卷版
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节；满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.”
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
B
One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honourable man,” he said. “He was a traitor (叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said — at least as it was presented by Shakespeare — to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known former advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high-level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, dealing with half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programs contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss
4. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus
A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honourable. D. Rude.
5. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.
A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better
B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays
C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops
D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays
6. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V
A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D To warn executives against power misuse.
7. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the Adelmans’ program proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized
B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays
C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars
D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field
C
Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.
For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.
The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.
If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.
8. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages
A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.
B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.
C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.
D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.
9. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.
A. snowmen were made mainly by artists
B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity
C. snowmen were politically criticized
D. snowmen caused damaging floods
10. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.
A. the start of the parade
B. the coming of a longer summer
C. the passing of the winter
D. the success of tradesmen
11. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage
A. They were appreciated in history
B. They have lost their value
C They were related to movies
D. They vary in shape and size
D
Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.
The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up too long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.
It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.
Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.
Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large colle ctions of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.
The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.
12. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to
A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.
B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.
C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.
D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.
13. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether __________.
A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme
B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think
C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale
D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models
14. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because __________.
A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand
C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future
D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of
15. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Say no to social media
B. New security rules in operation
C. Accept without reading
D. Administration matters!
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分；满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____16____
Pick the most important.
____17____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____18____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____19____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____20____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节；满分30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively ___21___ work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the ___22___, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, _____23_____, that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from ___24___ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of ___25___ people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to ___26___ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general ___27___. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional ___28___ managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without ___29___ managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:_____30_____ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be _____31_____ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has _____32_____ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to _____33_____ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or _____34_____ management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the _____35_____ of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
21. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
22. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
23. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
24. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
25. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
26. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
27. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
28. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
29. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
30. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
31. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
32. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
33. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
34. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
35. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I used to frequently visit an old age home____36____(manage) by the little sisters of the poor in our city Hyderabad. A. P., India. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late____37____(eighty). He served the Indian army and retired. He has one son who is well educated and also married.
Mr. Kurien felt down with the life in his house____38____decided to move into this old age home here in Hyderabad. We both began to share a lot of thoughts whenever we met and slowly it was a____39____(day) affair that I used to spend some time with him discussing what he was doing in the army, camp fun etc. ,____40____he used to share with lots of joy.
I used to carry with me some snacks which we both used to sit under a tree and eat. I saw him really very happy in my____41____(present). One day he told me with tears in his eyes “I really found a very good friend in you. I feel like____42____(live) some more years to spend happy time with you.
As we departed, I told him, “Do not worry. We will have enough time together in the future. ” I had an official meeting and could not go to the old age home the next day. The day after when I reached the home, his room____43____(lock). I enquired and found that he was no more. He died____44____very night we both met last.
I really miss him. I have not given him anything worthwhile except_____45_____I used to listen to his words and share his thoughts.
第四部分 写作（共四节；满分40分）
第一节 单词填空(共20空；每空1分，满分20分)
46. The ____________ between the rich and the poor in this country is continuing to grow.（用适当的词填空）
47. He refuses to let others speak and ____________ every meeting. （用适当的词填空）
48. His face was pale, and his physical strength was ____________.（用适当的词填空）
49. There is a ____________ contrast between the past the present. （用适当的词填空）
50. It was an interesting book, full of fascinating ____________ into human relationships. （用适当的词填空）
51. The kid can pour the juice into the glass without ____________ it. （用适当的词填空）
52. It is unlikely that the tourism industry will ____________ any better during the lockdown. （用适当的词填空）
53. The real issues have not been ____________.（用适当的词填空）
54. He finished the work with ____________ speed and efficiency. （用适当的词填空）
55. We always hope to provide a friendly ____________ ear to those who are in trouble. （用适当的词填空）
56. He is too ____________ to be a responsible leader. （用适当的词填空）
57. She wishes to ____________ a medical career after graduation. （用适当的词填空）
58. She tends to ____________ her success to external causes such as luck. （用适当的词填空）
59. He was improving for a while, but I think he has ____________ back into his old habits. （用适当的词填空）
60. I was having such a good time that I was ____________ to leave. （用适当的词填空）
61. Our confidence in the team has been seriously ____________ (削弱) by the recent defeats.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
62. The company is taking steps to improve ____________ (效率) and reduce costs. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
63. Fog can be a ____________ (风险) on the motorways in winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
64. His talk was both instructive and ____________ (鼓舞人心的). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
65. The success of the sports meeting ____________ (胜过) all expectations. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
第二节 句子翻译(共5句；每句4分，满分20分)
66. 这本书一经出版，就被批评家们誉为杰出的文学作品。(acclaim)（汉译英）
67. 通过实时检测，研究人员能够跟进海洋的快速变化。(keep pace with) （汉译英）
68. 每当遇到令我感兴趣的项目时，我总是不自觉地加班加点，废寝忘食。(engage) （汉译英）
69. 善于观察的人们往往更容易对一些事件做出归纳总结。(make generalizations about) （汉译英）
70. 随着岁月的流逝，他越发能理解大自然带来的充满诗意的快乐。(passage, poetic) （汉译英）南坪高级中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试
英语试题 解析版
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节；满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.”
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
【点睛】
B
One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honourable man,” he said. “He was a traitor (叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said — at least as it was presented by Shakespeare — to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known former advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high-level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, dealing with half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programs contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss
4. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus
A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honourable. D. Rude.
5. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.
A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better
B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays
C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops
D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays
6. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V
A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D. To warn executives against power misuse.
7. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the Adelmans’ program proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized
B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays
C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars
D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的应用。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty”(大家一致认为，Brutus行为很残忍)可知，所有高管都认为，Brutus表现得很残忍。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business.”（在在过去几年，商业执行官和作家们找到了一种新的方式来劝导行政体系。他们是非专业的莎士比亚研究者和推崇者，并将其高昂的激情用于商业管理培训项目中。）可推出，Adelman夫妇成立了Movers and Shakespeares，通过分析莎士比亚的戏剧给领导层提供建议。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.”（相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导。）可知，Adelman举办关于亨利五世的研讨会是为了强调抓住机会的重要性。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar.”（公司的一名执行官汇聚在Aspen集团参加为期一天的领导力研讨，这个研讨会其中一个主题就是讨论莎士比亚作品中Brutus对凯撒之死所起到的作用。）可推断出，莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用。故选D项。
C
Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.
For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.
The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.
If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.
8. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages
A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.
B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.
C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.
D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.
9. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.
A. snowmen were made mainly by artists
B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity
C. snowmen were politically criticized
D. snowmen caused damaging floods
10. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.
A. the start of the parade
B. the coming of a longer summer
C. the passing of the winter
D. the success of tradesmen
11. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage
A. They were appreciated in history
B. They have lost their value
C. They were related to movies
D. They vary in shape and size
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky 在那时，表达方式的方法有限，雪就像是来自于上天的一种自由艺术。 这说明雪的流行是因为它是一种表达的方式，关键词是express，而且means 和way 同义。故选C。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段 If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed， don't worry： I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today．可知如果你担心雪人的全盛期已经过去，不要担心：我已经知道，一些爆炸性的雪人历史仍然在今天被创造。由此可见，"雪人的全盛时期"（第4段）是指雪人非常受欢迎的时期。所以答案就是B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Every year since 1818， the people of Zurich，Switzerland， celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman． 可知自1818年以来，瑞士苏黎世的人们每年都会用吹雪人来庆祝春天的开始。the passing of the winter冬天的过去，符合题意。所以答案是C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的第一句话look to many of history’s cultural symbols回顾许多的历史文化标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的history，结合上下文可以知道答案是A （雪人在历史上是受欣赏的。）另外也可以根据排除法，排除其他选项。比如B选项，他们的价值现在依然存在，所以它的表达错误。C选项，雪人的确是与电影有关，但是这个答案不可以通过文章得出来。D选项在文章中没有提及这个内容。
D
Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.
The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up too long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.
It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.
Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.
Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large colle ctions of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.
The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.
12. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to
A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.
B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.
C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.
D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.
13. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether __________.
A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme
B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think
C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale
D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models
14. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because __________.
A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand
C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future
D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of
15. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Say no to social media
B. New security rules in operation
C. Accept without reading
D. Administration matters!
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，文章就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.(英国下议院科学技术委员会上周发布的报告指责一些公司迫使人们签署长而难懂的法律合同，并呼吁使用国际标准或认证标记来识别那些有明确条款和条件的网站)”可知，很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合同。而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的具体内容。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出第1和第3段中的meaningless drivel指的是“社交媒体公司让人们签署的法律合同”。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data.”(我们能不能多注意一下认证标记？“我认为如果你去做了调查，人们会认为他们会去做，”英国南安普敦大学研究公开数据的Nigel Shadbolt说)”可推断，Nigel Shadbolt怀疑人们是否会像他们认为的那样关注认证标记。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.( 其他机构，如银行，会要求客户签署他们可能不会读或理解的长期合同，但Miller认为，社交媒体需要特别关注，因为它是太新了。他说：“我们仍然不知道孩子们在社交媒体上放的不明智的东西会产生多大的长期影响，而20年后这些东西又会回来伤害到他们。”)”可知，Andrew Miller认为社交媒体比银行需要更多的关注，主要是因为用户的数据将如何被利用仍然是个未知数。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。所以C项“Accept without reading ( 未阅读就接受？)”为文章最佳标题。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分；满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____16____
Pick the most important.
____17____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____18____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____19____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____20____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
【16题详解】
上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
【20题详解】
下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
【点睛】
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节；满分30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively ___21___ work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the ___22___, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, _____23_____, that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from ___24___ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of ___25___ people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to ___26___ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general ___27___. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional ___28___ managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative to make decisions on their own without ___29___ managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:_____30_____ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be _____31_____ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has _____32_____ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to _____33_____ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or _____34_____ management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the _____35_____ of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
21. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
22. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
23. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
24. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
25. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
26. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
27. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
28. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
29. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
30. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
31. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
32. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
33. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
34. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
35. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：X理论认为，人们本能地不喜欢工作，会做任何事情来避免工作。A. desire想要，渴望；B. seek寻找；C. lose失去；D. dislike不喜欢。根据后半句will do anything to avoid it可知，很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明很多人都不喜欢工作。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词（短语）辨析。句意：不管怎样，尽管有这么多相反的证据，许多经理仍然同意X理论。A. (to the) contrary相反的；B. (to the) expectation出乎意料地；C. (to the) degree在某种程度上；D. (to the) extreme走向极端地。在文章第一段中提到了X理论，很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明很多人都喜欢工作。而Y理论认为每个人都有可能在工作中找到满足感。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查短语及副词词义辨析。句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工想要有效地工作，就需要不断地监督，或者决定必须在没有协商的情况下从上面强加。A. vice versa反之亦然；B. for example例如；C. however然而；D. otherwise否则。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工想要有效地工作，就需要不断地监督，或者决定必须在没有协商的情况下从上面强加。A. outside外部；B. inside内部；C. below下方；D. above上方。根据后句This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.可知，这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不同的文化有不同的管理方式。A. replacing代替；B. assessing评估；C. managing管理；D. encouraging鼓励。根据前段可知，本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词manage“管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：与专制管理不同的是，某些文化，特别是亚洲文化，以决策的协商性质而闻名——该部或工作组的所有成员都被要求对这一进程做出贡献。A. refer (to)提到，谈到；B. contribute (to)贡献；C. object (to)反对；D. apply (to)适用于。亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多西方公司试图模仿这种建立在共同的协商基础之上的亚洲做事方式。A. agreement协商；B. practice练习，做法；C. election选举；D. impression印象。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些专家说，女性将成为比男性更有效的管理者，因为她们有能力达到传统男性管理者无法达到的共同目标。A. bossy专横的；B. experienced有经验的；C. western西方的；D. male男性的。根据前半句women will become more effective managers than men可知，有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一种趋势是鼓励员工发挥自己的主动性，自己做决定，而不需要事先征求经理的意见。A. asking询问；B. training训练；C. warning警告；D. firing开除。根据前句encourage employees to use their own initiative(鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神)也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种授权一直是企业精简趋势的一部分：减少公司管理层的数量。A. doubling使加倍；B. maintaining保持；C. reducing减少；D. estimating估计。根据前句the trend towards downsizing(缩小规模的趋势)也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：以这种方式分层后，公司可能只剩下高层管理人员、一线管理人员和与公众直接接触的员工。A. (be) honored (with)被授予；B.(be) left (with)留下，剩下；C. (be) crowded (with)挤满；D. (be) compared (with)与……相比。根据语境可知，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中间环节，提高了管理的效益。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：授权管理的概念比传统上的情况走得更远。A. economically经济地；B. traditionally传统地；C. inadequately不充分地；D. occasionally偶尔地；根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management可知，授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：授权管理和委托管理意味着新的管理控制形式，以确保执行全面的业务计划，并使业务在新的组织下变得更有利可图，而不是减少利润。A. deny否认；B. admit承认；C. assume假定，设想；D. ensure保证，确保。根据语境可知，授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一种趋势是离线或虚拟管理，即通过电子邮件和互联网联系在一起的团队在他们自己的家里进行项目工作。A. virtual虚拟的；B. ineffective低效的；C. day-to-day日常的；D. on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知，在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：项目经理根据团队成员为项目生产的产品，而不是他们在项目上花费的时间来评估团队成员的表现。A. opinion观点；B. risk冒险；C. performance表现；D. attractiveness魅力。根据后半句中in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知，我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I used to frequently visit an old age home____36____(manage) by the little sisters of the poor in our city Hyderabad. A. P., India. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late____37____(eighty). He served the Indian army and retired. He has one son who is well educated and also married.
Mr. Kurien felt down with the life in his house____38____decided to move into this old age home here in Hyderabad. We both began to share a lot of thoughts whenever we met and slowly it was a____39____(day) affair that I used to spend some time with him discussing what he was doing in the army, camp fun etc. ,____40____he used to share with lots of joy.
I used to carry with me some snacks which we both used to sit under a tree and eat. I saw him really very happy in my____41____(present). One day he told me with tears in his eyes “I really found a very good friend in you. I feel like____42____(live) some more years to spend happy time with you.
As we departed, I told him, “Do not worry. We will have enough time together in the future. ” I had an official meeting and could not go to the old age home the next day. The day after when I reached the home, his room____43____(lock). I enquired and found that he was no more. He died____44____very night we both met last.
I really miss him. I have not given him anything worthwhile except_____45_____I used to listen to his words and share his thoughts.
【答案】36. managed
37. eighties
38 and 39. daily
40. which 41. presence
42. living 43. was locked
44. the 45. that
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院，在那我遇到一个老先生，他经常给我讲他的故事，我们互相分享想法，后来他去世了。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院。home应该是被管理，故用过去分词表被动，故填managed。
【37题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：在那里我遇到了一位80多岁的先生，名叫库里安。在他八十多岁的时候：at his late eighties，用复数，故填eighties。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：库里安先生对自己家里的生活很不满意，决定搬进海得拉巴的这所养老院。分析可知，他在他的房子里感到情绪低落，就决定搬到老房子去。表示并列，故填and。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。修饰名词affair应该用形容词daily，故填daily。
【40题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。前有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作share的宾语，故填which。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：我看到他在我面前真的很高兴。My为形容词性物主代词，其后跟名词，故填presence。
【42题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：我想多活几年，与你共度快乐时光。feel like doing意为想要做……，故填living。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词的被动语态。句意：我到家的第二天，他的房间被锁上了。他的门是被锁了，故用被动语态，再结合全文都是一般过去时，故填was locked。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他就在我们昨天见面的那晚去世了。the very night意为就在那天晚上，the特指那天晚上，故填the。
【45题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我没有给他任何有价值的东西，除了我过去常听他的话和分享他的想法。分析可知，从句不缺成分，故用that引导宾语从句，作except的宾语，引出后面的句子，故填that。
第四部分 写作（共四节；满分40分）
第一节 单词填空(共20空；每空1分，满分20分)
46. The ____________ between the rich and the poor in this country is continuing to grow.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】divide
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个国家的贫富差距继续扩大。定冠词the后接名词在句中作主语。根据句意，故填divide。
47. He refuses to let others speak and ____________ every meeting. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】dominates
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他拒绝让别人发言，控制着每次会议。分析句子，设空处应该填写动词作谓语，句子表述的是客观事实，故使用一般现在时。根据前文“He refuses to let others speak”可知，此处表示“控制这每一次会议”，表示“控制，主导”应该用dominate，此处主语为he是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填dominates。
48. His face was pale, and his physical strength was ____________.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】weak
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他脸色苍白，体力也很虚弱。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据句意，表示“虚弱的”应该用形容词weak。故填weak。
49. There is a ____________ contrast between the past the present. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】striking
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：过去和现在形成明显的对比。修饰名词 contrast，用形容词形式。根据句意，表示“显著的、明显的”，故填striking。
50. It was an interesting book, full of fascinating ____________ into human relationships. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】insights
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这是一本有趣的书，充满了吸引人的东西对人际关系的洞察。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。表示“洞察”应该用insight，此处表示复数意义。故填insights。
51. The kid can pour the juice into the glass without ____________ it. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】spilling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这孩子能把果汁倒进杯子里而不会洒出来。根据句意，表示“洒出，溢出”应该用spill，介词without后用其动名词形式作宾语。故填spilling。
52. It is unlikely that the tourism industry will ____________ any better during the lockdown. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】fare
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在封锁期间，旅游业不太可能有任何好转。分析句子，设空处应该填写动词作谓语，构成一般将来时。根据句意，表示“进展”应该用fare。故填fare。
53. The real issues have not been ____________.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】solved
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：真正的问题还没有得到解决。分析句子，设空处应该填写动词的过去分词与前文构成现在完成时的被动语态。根据句意，表示“解决”应用solve。故填solved。
54. He finished the work with ____________ speed and efficiency. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】remarkable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他以惊人的速度和效率完成了工作。修饰名词 speed和efficiency，前用形容词形式。根据句意，故填remarkable。
55. We always hope to provide a friendly ____________ ear to those who are in trouble. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】sympathetic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们总是希望向有困难的人提供友善而富有同情心的倾听。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作定语。根据句意，表示“富有同情心的”，应该用形容词sympathetic。故填sympathetic。
56. He is too ____________ to be a responsible leader. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】impulsive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他太冲动了，不能成为一个负责任的领导。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据句意，表示“冲动的”，故填impulsive。
57. She wishes to ____________ a medical career after graduation. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】pursue
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她希望毕业后从事医学工作。wish to do sth.希望做某事。根据句意，故填pursue。
58. She tends to ____________ her success to external causes such as luck. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】attribute##owe
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她倾向于把自己的成功归因于运气等外部因素。tend to do倾向于做某事，此处用动词原形；attribute/owe ... to ...把某事归因于。根据句意，故填attribute/owe。
59. He was improving for a while, but I think he has ____________ back into his old habits. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】slid
【解析】
【详解】考查动词及现在完成时。句意：他好转了一段时间，但我想他又恢复了老习惯。根据前文“He was improving for a while”及“but”及“back into his old habits”可知，此处意为“重新回到”，要用短语slide back into，结合空前has可知为现在完成时，此处应用过去分词slid，故填slid。
60. I was having such a good time that I was ____________ to leave. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】unwilling
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我玩得很开心，以致我不想离开。分析可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意，此处表示“不愿意做某事”，应用短语：be unwilling to do sth.，故填unwilling。
61. Our confidence in the team has been seriously ____________ (削弱) by the recent defeats.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】weakened
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：最近的几次失败严重地削弱了我们对该队的信心。分析句子，设空处应该填写过去分词与前面has been构成现在完成时被动语态。表示“削弱”应该用weaken。故填weakened。
62. The company is taking steps to improve ____________ (效率) and reduce costs. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】efficiency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：公司正在采取措施提高效率，降低成本。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入名词作宾语，“效率”是不可数名词，故填efficiency。
63. Fog can be a ____________ (风险) on the motorways in winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】hazard
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：冬天高速公路上有雾是一种危险。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填hazard。
64. His talk was both instructive and ____________ (鼓舞人心的). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】inspiring##encouraging
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的讲话既有启发性又鼓舞人心。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据汉语提示，表示“鼓舞人心的”，应该用inspiring/encouraging修饰his talk。故填inspiring。
65. The success of the sports meeting ____________ (胜过) all expectations. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】exceeded
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：运动会的成功超出了所有人的预期。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意，及物动词exceed符合题意，在句中作谓语，故填exceeded。
第二节 句子翻译(共5句；每句4分，满分20分)
66. 这本书一经出版，就被批评家们誉为杰出的文学作品。(acclaim)（汉译英）
【答案】As soon as the book was published, it was acclaimed by critics as a brilliant literary work.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态和语态。结合句意可知，本句叙述的动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时。表示“这本书一经出版”翻译为as soon as the book was published, as soon as“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句；表示“被誉为……”用固定句型it was acclaimed as；表示“被批评家”用by critics；表示“(一部)杰出的文学作品”用a brilliant literary work，故翻译为As soon as the book was published, it was acclaimed by critics as a brilliant literary work.
67. 通过实时检测，研究人员能够跟进海洋的快速变化。(keep pace with) （汉译英）
【答案】Through the real-time detection, researchers can keep pace with the rapid changes of the ocean.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和情态动词。real-time detection实时检测；keep pace with 跟上，赶上；rapid change迅速变化。情态动词can能够，后接动词原形。根据句意，故翻译为Through the real-time detection, researchers can keep pace with the rapid changes of the ocean.
68. 每当遇到令我感兴趣的项目时，我总是不自觉地加班加点，废寝忘食。(engage) （汉译英）
【答案】Whenever I meet a project that interests me, I am always unconsciously engaged in the work overtime and forget to eat and sleep.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句，定语从句，动词和固定搭配。根据汉语提示，表示“每当”应该用whenever引导时间状语从句，故句子应该使用一般现在时。表示“我遇到项目”应该用I meet a project；表示“令我感兴趣项目”应该用that引导的定语从句，对项目进行修饰，that在从句中作主语，即that interests me；表示“不自觉地”应该用unconsciously；表示“加班加点”应该用be engaged in the work overtime；表示“废寝忘食”应该用 forget to eat and sleep与前面构成并列结构。故翻译为Whenever I meet a project that interests me, I am always unconsciously engaged in the work overtime and forget to eat and sleep.
69. 善于观察的人们往往更容易对一些事件做出归纳总结。(make generalizations about) （汉译英）
【答案】Observant people tend to make generalizations about events more easily.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和动词。根据汉语提示，表示“善于观察的”应该用observant；表示“往往做某事，倾向于做某事”应该用tend to do；表示“对某事做出归纳总结”应该用make generalizations about sth。表示“更容易”应该用比较级more easily。句子表述的是客观事实，故事用一般现在时。故翻译为Observant people tend to make generalizations about events more easily。
70. 随着岁月的流逝，他越发能理解大自然带来的充满诗意的快乐。(passage, poetic) （汉译英）
【答案】With the passage of time, he became more and more aware of the poetic happiness brought by nature.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语，固定搭配和形容词。表示“随着岁月的流逝”应该用介词短语with the passage of time；表示“越发理解”应该用动词短语become more and more aware of；表示“充满诗意的快乐”应用the poetic happiness ；表示“大自然带来的”应该用brought by nature，此处the the poetic happiness和bring之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。同时本句描述的是过去的事实，故使用一般过去时。故翻译为With the passage of time, he became more and more aware of the poetic happiness brought by nature。
