2022-2023学年初一上册语法介词讲义(共113张PPT)

(共113张PPT)
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第1课 Introduction 概述
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
知道介词在句子中的功能。
知道介词的分类，能识别介词。
学习目标
What is a preposition
我们先回到第1章第2课的句子：
The last man on Earth was alone in a room and suddenly he
heard a knock on the door.
如果将划线词去掉后的句子是：
The last man Earth was alone a room and suddenly he
heard a knock the door.
最后一个人，地球，孤单，一个房间，和，突然，他听到，一声敲击声，门。
整个句子感觉被切割成独立的毫不相干的单元，让人理解起来很费劲，当然这也就不能称其为“句子”了。但如果我们加上了那些词，整个句子就被串联起来，感觉这些词具有一种中介的作用，所以称为“介词”。从这个意义上来讲，你可以把介词理解为连接前后两个词的中介词，它体现的是前后两个词的关系。
What is a preposition
A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns.
介词(preposition)是用来把名词、代词或短语与句子中的其他词联系起来的词。它们的作用是连接句子中的人、对象、时间和位置。介词通常是短词，通常直接放在名词前面（介词的英文单词叫preposition, pre- 表示“在前面”，position 表示“位置”， preposition就是“在前面的位置”，所以代词亦称“前置词” ）。
What is a preposition
Prepositions are regarded as a ‘closed class’ of words in the English language. This means, unlike verbs and nouns, no new words are added to this group over time. In a way, it reflects their role as the functional workhorse of the sentence. They are unassuming and subtle, yet vitally important to the meaning of language.
介词在英语中被看作是一个“封闭词类”（closed class)。这意味着，与动词和名词不同，随着时间的推移，没有新词被添加到这个词类中。从某种意义上说，这反映了介词作为句子的功能主力的作用。它们低调而微妙，但对语言的意义至关重要。
在英语口语中，介词的使用频率非常高，往往通过介词来表达动词的含义，这是英文思维有别于中文思维的一大特点。
对于“封闭词类”，我们可以集中一段时间把它们全部一次突破。
Types of Prepositions
介词的类型
Preposition of space 空间介词
Preposition of time 时间介词
Preposition with nouns 名词+介词
Preposition with adjectives 形容词+介词
Preposition with verbs 动词+介词
Preposition of Space
Preposition of Time
Preposition with Nouns
Preposition with Adjectives
Preposition with Verbs
Most Common Prepositions
最常用介词列表
Exercise 1
Decide which type of preposition the underlined word is. 判断划线介词属于哪种类型。仿照例子在括号里写出类型的代号。
Preposition of space 空间介词 (Type 1)
Preposition of time 时间介词 (Type 2)
Preposition with nouns 名词+介词 (Type 3)
Preposition with adjectives 形容词+ 介词 (Type 4)
Preposition with verbs 动词+ 介词 (Type 5)
Ex. He sat on a rock. (Type 5)
1 The baby just smiled at me. ( )
2 Could you tell me the answer to the question ( )
3 There is a cat in the tunnel. ( )
4 Jim is crazy about Michael Jackson. ( )
5 I get up at 5 a.m. every day. ( )
Exercise 2
Underline the prepositions in the sentences. Each sentence contains at least two prepositions. 在每句中的介词下面画下划线。每句至少有两个介词。
1 We went through the door and snuck into the bank.
2 We were looking for the money that was kept in the safe.
3 There was a guard with a gun standing beside the safe.
4 We tried sneaking by him, but my friend tripped over a mop.
5 The guard grabbed him by the neck, but I snuck around him and knocked him down.
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Decide which type of preposition the underlined word is. 判断划线介词属于哪种类型。仿照例子在括号里写出类型的代号。
Preposition of space 空间介词 (Type 1)
Preposition of time 时间介词 (Type 2)
Preposition with nouns 名词+介词 (Type 3)
Preposition with adjectives 形容词+ 介词 (Type 4)
Preposition with verbs 动词+ 介词 (Type 5)
Ex. He sat on a rock. (Type 5)
1 The baby just smiled at me. ( Type 5 )
2 Could you tell me the answer to the question ( Type 3 )
3 There is a cat in the tunnel. ( Type 1 )
4 Jim is crazy about Michael Jackson. ( Type 4 )
5 I get up at 5 a.m. every day. ( Type 2 )
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Underline the prepositions in the sentences. Each sentence contains at least two prepositions. 在每句中的介词下面画下划线。每句至少有两个介词。
1 We went through the door and snuck into the bank.
2 We were looking for the money that was kept in the safe.
3 There was a guard with a gun standing beside the safe.
4 We tried sneaking by him, but my friend tripped over a mop.
5 The guard grabbed him by the neck, but I snuck around him and knocked him down.
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第8课 Preposition of Time 时间介词1
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
体会时间介词at, on, in随时间单位的变大而渐变的过程。
熟记A Train of Time图表，从而正确运用时间介词at, on, in。
学习目标
Preposition of Time
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with at, on and in according to A Train of Time. 根据A Train of Time图表用at, on, in填空。
1 ( ) the 21st century
2 ( ) lunch
3 ( ) the future
4 ( ) night
5 ( ) the night
6 ( ) 2020
7 ( ) the afternoon
8 ( ) a winter night
9 ( ) October 1st
10 ( ) the past
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with at, on and in according to A Train of Time. 根据A Train of Time图表用at, on, in填空。
1 I get up ( ) 5 a.m. every morning.
2 Judy will get a lot of presents ( ) her birthday.
3 We went outside ( ) a Sunday morning.
4 Do you stay at home ( ) weekends
5 Were your father born ( ) March
6 What do you usually do ( ) Mondays
7 I was younger ( ) that time.
8 It often snows ( ) winter.
9 Lots of rock bands were formed ( ) the 1970s.
10 Do you want to live ( ) the 19th century
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with at, on and in according to A Train of Time. 根据A Train of Time图表用at, on, in填空。
1 ( in ) the 21st century
2 ( at ) lunch
3 ( in ) the future
4 ( at ) night
5 ( in ) the night
6 ( in ) 2020
7 ( in ) the afternoon
8 ( on ) a winter night
9 ( on ) October 1st
10 ( in ) the past
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with at, on and in according to A Train of Time. 根据A Train of Time图表用at, on, in填空。
1 I get up ( at ) 5 a.m. every morning.
2 Judy will get a lot of presents ( on ) her birthday.
3 We went outside ( on ) a Sunday morning.
4 Do you stay at home ( on ) weekends
5 Were your father born ( in ) March
6 What do you usually do ( on ) Mondays
7 I was younger ( at ) that time.
8 It often snows ( in ) winter.
9 Lots of rock bands were formed ( in ) the 1970s.
10 Do you want to live ( in ) the 19th century
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第9课 Preposition of Time 时间介词2
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
重点掌握in, since, for, by的用法。
熟记A Test Day图表，正确运用图中的时间介词。
学习目标
Exercise 1
Choose the right answer. 根据A Test Day图表选择正确答案。
1 You are not allowed to enter the classroom until 9:50. ( )
A You can enter the classroom at 9:50.
B You can enter the classroom at 9:45.
2 If you arrive earlier, you need to wait until 9:50. ( )
A If you arrive at 9:43, you don’t have to wait.
B If you arrive at 9:40, you have to wait.
3 It’s 10:00 now. The test has been going on for 2 hours. ( )
A The test ended at 12:00.
B The test started at 8:00.
4 Your test papers need to be submitted by 11:00. ( )
A You can submit your test paper at 11:10.
B You can submit your test paper at 11:00.
5 It’s 10:00 now. You can go home in 15 minutes. ( )
A You can go home at 10:10.
B You can go home at 10:18.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with prepositions of time according to A Test Day. 根据A Test Day图表用相关介词填空。
1 表示“直到……为止”用介词（ ）。
2 表示“在……期间”用介词（ ）。
3 表示“持续了……(一段时间）”用介词（ ）。
4 表示“不晚于……”用介词（ ）。
5 表示“（以现在为起点的一段时间）之后”用介词（ ）。
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Choose the right answer. 根据A Test Day图表选择正确答案。
1 You are not allowed to enter the classroom until 9:50. ( A )
A You can enter the classroom at 9:50.
B You can enter the classroom at 9:45.
2 If you arrive earlier, you need to wait until 9:50. ( B )
A If you arrive at 9:43, you don’t have to wait.
B If you arrive at 9:40, you have to wait.
3 It’s 10:00 now. The test has been going on for 2 hours. ( B )
A The test ended at 12:00.
B The test started at 8:00.
4 Your test papers need to be submitted by 11:00. ( B )
A You can submit your test paper at 11:10.
B You can submit your test paper at 11:00.
5 It’s 10:00 now. You can go home in 15 minutes. ( B )
A You can go home at 10:10.
B You can go home at 10:18.
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with prepositions of time according to A Test Day. 根据A Test Day图表用相关介词填空。
1 表示“直到……为止”用介词（ until ）。
2 表示“在……期间”用介词（ during/in the middle of ）。
3 表示“持续了……(一段时间）”用介词（ for ）。
4 表示“不晚于……”用介词（ by ）。
5 表示“（以现在为起点的一段时间）之后”用介词（ in ）。
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第2课 Preposition of Space 空间介词1
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
体会空间动词的静态和动态属性。
正确运用空间动词。
学习目标
Preposition of Space
The ball is outside the box. (静）
The ball gets into the box. (动）
The ball gets out of the box. (动）
The ball is in the box. (静）
Preposition of Space
The ball is outside the box. (静）
The ball gets onto the box. (动）
The ball gets off the box. (动）
The ball is on the box. (静）
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
The ball is __________ the box.
The ball gets _________the box.
The ball gets _________ the box.
The ball is __________ the box.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
The ball is _________ the box.
The ball gets __________ the box.
The ball gets ___________ the box.
The ball is ___________ the box.
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
The ball is outside the box.
The ball gets into the box.
The ball gets out of the box.
The ball is in/inside the box.
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
The ball is outside the box.
The ball gets onto the box.
The ball gets off the box.
The ball is on the box.
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第3课 Preposition of Space 空间介词2
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
体会空间介词的静态和动态属性。
正确运用空间介词。
学习目标
Preposition of Space
The ball goes up the pyramid. (动）
The ball goes down the pyramid. (动）
The ball is at the foot of the pyramid. (静）
The ball is on top of the pyramid. (静）
Preposition of Space
Ball A is above the box.
Ball B is over the box.
Ball C is above the box.
Ball D is beside the box.
Ball E is beside the box.
Ball F is under the box.
Ball H is below the box.
Ball K is below the box.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
The ball goes __________ the pyramid.
The ball goes _________the pyramid.
The ball is _________ the pyramid.
The ball is __________ the pyramid.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
Ball A is _________ the box.
Ball B is __________ the box.
Ball C is ___________ the box.
Ball D is ___________ the box.
Ball E is ___________ the box.
Ball F is ___________ the box.
Ball H is ___________ the box.
Ball K is ___________ the box.
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
The ball goes up the pyramid.
The ball goes down the pyramid.
The ball is at the foot of the pyramid.
The ball is on top of the pyramid.
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
Ball A is above the box.
Ball B is over the box.
Ball C is above the box.
Ball D is beside the box.
Ball E is beside the box.
Ball F is under the box.
Ball H is below the box.
Ball K is below the box.
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第4课 Preposition of Space 空间介词3
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
体会空间介词的静态和动态属性。
正确运用空间介词。
学习目标
Preposition of Space
Ball A stands far from the box.
Ball B stands near/around/close to the box.
Ball C stands by/beside/next to the box.
Ball D stands against the box.
Preposition of Space
Ball A is ahead of ball B and ball C.
Ball B is after ball A.
Ball C is after ball A.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 Ball A stands _____________ the box.
2 Ball B stands _____________ the box.
3 Ball C stands _____________ the box.
4 Ball D stands _____________ the box.
beside against far from around
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 Ball A is __________ball B and ball C.
2 Ball B is __________ ball A.
3 Ball C is __________ ball A.
ahead of after
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 Ball A stands far from the box.
2 Ball B stands around the box.
3 Ball C stands beside the box.
4 Ball D stands against the box.
beside against far from around
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 Ball A is ahead of ball B and ball C.
2 Ball B is after ball A.
3 Ball C is after ball A.
ahead of after
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第5课 Preposition of Space 空间介词4
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
体会空间介词的静态和动态属性。
正确运用空间介词。
学习目标
Preposition of Space
Ball A goes along the road.
Ball B goes across the road.
Ball C goes along the river.
Ball D goes over/across the bridge.
Preposition of Space
The virus has spread across the globe.
The virus has spread throughout the globe.
The virus has spread around the world.
The virus has spread all over the world.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 Ball A goes ____________ the road.
2 Ball B goes ____________ the road.
3 Ball C goes ____________ the river.
4 Ball D goes ____________ the bridge.
5 Ball D goes ____________ the bridge.
across along over
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 The virus has spread __________ the globe.
2 The virus has spread __________ the globe.
3 The virus has spread __________ the world.
4 The virus has spread __________ the world.
all over around throughout across
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 Ball A goes along the road.
2 Ball B goes across the road.
3 Ball C goes along the river.
4 Ball D goes across the bridge.
5 Ball D goes over the bridge.
across along over
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 The virus has spread across the globe.
2 The virus has spread through the globe.
3 The virus has spread around the world.
4 The virus has spread all over the world.
all over around throughout across
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第6课 Preposition of Space 空间介词5
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
体会空间介词的静态和动态属性。
正确运用空间介词。
学习目标
Preposition of Space
F stands at the door.
P sits at the desk.
E sits across (the aisle) from / opposite A.
A sits in front of / before B.
C sits behind B.
B sits in the middle of / among the students.
T sits between D and K.
C sits opposite D. Beyond C sits H.
opposite
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 F stands _____ the door.
2 P sits _____ the desk.
3 E sits _____ A.
4 A sits _____ B.
5 C sits _____ B.
6 B sits _____ the students.
7 T sits _____ D and K.
8 C sits _____ D. ______ C sits H.
among beyond behind between
at opposite in front of
Exercise 2
True or false. 根据图示判断下列描述是否正确。正确填T，错误填F。
1 P sits before E. ( )
2 T sits across the aisle from B. ( )
3 K sits in the middle of the students. ( )
4 H sits behind P. Beyond P sits E. ( )
5 D sits on the desk. ( )
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 F stands at the door.
2 P sits at the desk.
3 E sits opposite A.
4 A sits in front of B.
5 C sits behind B.
6 B sits among the students.
7 T sits between D and K.
8 C sits opposite D. Beyond C sits H.
among beyond behind between
at opposite in front of
Answer Key to Exercise 2
True or false. 根据图示判断下列描述是否正确。正确填T，错误填F。
1 P sits before E. ( F )
2 T sits across the aisle from B. ( T )
3 K sits in the middle of the students. ( F )
4 H sits behind P. Beyond P sits E. ( T )
5 D sits on the desk. ( F )
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第7课 Preposition of Space 空间介词6
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
体会空间介词的静态和动态属性。
正确运用空间介词。
学习目标
Preposition of Space
Ball A goes through the box.
Ball B goes around the box.
Ball C goes under the box.
Ball D goes over the box.
Preposition of Space
The ball moves toward the box.
The ball moves past the box.
The ball moves away from the box.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1（ )
2（ ）
3（ ）
4 Ball D goes（ ) the box.
5 Ball A goes（ ) the box.
6 Ball B goes（ ) the box.
7 Ball C goes（ ) the box.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 The ball moves ( ) the box.
2 The ball moves ( ) the box.
3 The ball moves ( ) the box.
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1（ toward )
2（ past ）
3（ away from ）
4 Ball D goes（ over ) the box.
5 Ball A goes（ through ) the box.
6 Ball B goes（ around ) the box.
7 Ball C goes（ under ) the box.
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space. 根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。
1 The ball moves ( past ) the box.
2 The ball moves ( away from ) the box.
3 The ball moves ( toward ) the box.
Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
主讲者：Tim
英语语法
English Grammar
第10课 Other Prepositions 其它介词1
第8章
Prepositions 介词
1
2
重点掌握多组同义介词短语。
明白英语学习的最高境界是透过语言理解背后的文化。
学习目标
以下短文包含了20个常用介词或介词短语
Yesterday
Yesterday
Yesterday
昨天
文中的介词汇总
文中的介词汇总
文中的介词汇总
文中的介词汇总
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks. 将下列带介词的英文短语翻译成中文。
1 a world without the Beatles ( )
2 except for a hobby guitarist ( )
3 surrounded by strawberry fields ( )
4 because of something ( )
5 in the case of the Beatles ( )
6 in spite of his tooth pain ( )
7 stare at him ( )
8 in astonishment ( )
9 come up with a song ( )
10 hear of the Beatles ( )
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks. 将下列中文翻译成带介词的英文短语。
1 U2的歌曲之一 ( )
2 从地球上消失 ( )
3 除此之外 ( )
4 提醒我我的生日 ( )
5 想出一个计划 ( )
6 盯着她 ( )
7 不顾他的头痛 ( )
8 针对那些学生的情况 ( )
9 因为你 ( )
10 对于我是个例外 ( )
Answer Key to Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks. 将下列带介词的英文短语翻译成中文。
1 a world without the Beatles ( 一个没有披头士的世界 )
2 except for a hobby guitarist ( 对于一个业余吉他手是个例外)
3 surrounded by strawberry fields (被草莓地所环绕)
4 because of something (因为某件事)
5 in the case of the Beatles (针对披头士的情况)
6 in spite of his tooth pain (不顾他的牙痛)
7 stare at him (盯着他)
8 in astonishment (处于吃惊中 )
9 come up with a song (想出一首歌 )
10 hear of the Beatles (听说过披头士)
Answer Key to Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks. 将下列中文翻译成带介词的英文短语。
1 U2的歌曲之一 (one of U2 songs)
2 从地球上消失 (disappear from the earth)
3 除此之外 (in addition to/besides that)
4 提醒我我的生日 (remind me of my birthday)
5 想出一个计划 (come up with a plan)
6 盯着她 (stare at her)
7 不顾他的头痛 (in spite of/despite his headache)
8 针对那些学生的情况 (in the case of those students)
9 因为你 ( because of you )
10 对于我是个例外 ( except for me)