Module 2 The natural world Unit 3 The earth Grammar课件(共68张PPT)

(共68张PPT)
Unit 3
The Earth
Grammar
Noun 名词
名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
Countable and uncountable nouns
可数名词和不可数名词
7A Module 2 The natural world Unit 3 The Earth Grammar A
名 词 村
one apple
two apples
three apples
Countable nouns
three pigs
……
water
Uncountable nouns
……
milk
bread
Countable nouns
1. Countable nouns(可数名词)
an eraser
a banana
an orange
a tree
能独立存在的个体人、事物和以集体形式出现的人、事物,能以数目来计算 。
个体名词
集体名词
class
family
fruits
2.可数名词的单数
当人或事物只有一个的时候，是单数。
我们用a ,an 或 one 以及指示代词this和that来表示这种单个的数量。
a watermelon
a peach
a strawberry
a cherry
an ice-cream
an egg
an apple
an orange
3.可数名词复数的规则变化
1)一般在名词的后面加上-s,在清辅音后发/-s/,在浊辅音和元音后发/-z/.如：
an orange
some oranges /-z/
a watermelon
three watermelons /-z/
a pear
some pears /-z/
a book
three books /s/
a radio（收音机）
three radios /-z/
a photo
two photos /-z/
a zoo
two zoos/-z/
2) 以-ch,-sh,-s,-x结尾的单数名词后加-es,读作/-iz/.如：
a bus
three buses /-iz/
a peach
two peaches /-iz/
watches
boxes
fishes
3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y改成i, 再加-es, 读作/-iz/.如：
a city(城市)
lots of cities /-iz/
a strawberry
some strawberries /-iz/
a story(故事)
a lot of stories /-iz/
a lady(女士)
many ladies /-iz/
4)三个以-o 结尾的名词，加-es,读作/-z/，其余o结尾单词直接加s.
a tomato 西红柿
two tomatoes /-z/
two potatoes /-z/
two heroes /-z/
a hero 英雄
a potato 土豆
口诀：英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
5)以-f或-fe结尾的,改-f或-fe为-v,再加-es,读作/-vz/.
a leaf(树叶)
two leaves /-vz/
a knife （刀）
two knives /-vz/
4.可数名词复数的
不规则变化
1) man-men
a man
two men
a woman
two women
German Germans
a foot
two feet
a tooth(牙齿)
two teeth
a goose(鹅)
two geese
2) oo-ee
a child
two children
a mouse(老鼠）
two mice
an ox(公牛)
two oxen
3) 完全不规则
a sheep（绵羊）
two sheep
a Chinese （中国人）
two Chinese
two deer
a deer（鹿 ）
a Japanese （日本人）
two Japanese
4)单复数同形
Countable nouns
1. +s book→books
2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾， +es class→classes
3. 辅+y, 改y为 i , +es city→cities, play→plays
4. o+es 或 o+s potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes
photo→photos
5. f, fe , 改 v+es life→lives, leaf→leaves
6. 不规则 man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, child→children
7. 单复数相同 fish（鱼的数量）,deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese
minutes
halves
classmates
Germans
glasses
cups
families
matches
wives
parks
factories
potatoes
写出下列名词的复数形式
mimute ______ half ______ classmate______
German______ glass ______ cup______
family ______ match ______ wife ______
park ______ factory ______ potato ______
thief ______ photo ______ baby ______
toy ______ Japanese______ child______
thieves
photos
babies
toys
Japanese
children
3.可数名词的复数
当人或事物只有大于1的时候，是复数。
我们用大于1的数字或some，any, lots of, a lot of, few, a few, many, these, those来表示复数名词的数量。
some pears
two peaches
不可数名词
Uncountable nouns
Do you know these uncountable nouns？
rice 米饭 bread 面包 work 工作
time 时间 money 钱 coffee 咖啡
meat 肉 chicken 鸡肉 fish 鱼肉
pork 猪肉 duck 鸭肉 beef 牛肉
tea 茶 water 水 milk 牛奶
hair 头发 news 新闻 paper 纸
1.不可数名词没有复数形式
rice(不能说rices)
bread(不能说breads)
2.不可数名词前面不直接加a或an，但可用不同的量词来搭配
a box of milk
(不能说a milk)
a bottle of water
(不能说a water)
a glass of orange juice
a cup of tea
a glass of milk
a bowl of soup
some fish
some beef
some bread
a bowl of rice
Uncountable nouns
water
tea
juice
复
coffee
不可数名词没有______ 数形式。
milk
不可数名词前不能加_____ 和 ______.
a
an
不可数名词量的表达：
表示“几个”的概念用：“数词+量词复数+of+不可数名词”
表示“一个”的概念用：“a/an+量词+of+不可数名词”
There is a glass of water.
There are two glasses of water.
量词
much
little/a little
many
few/a few
a number of
some / any
a lot of/lots of
＋不可数名词
＋可数名词复数
＋可数／不可数名词
these/those
chicken 小鸡 / 鸡肉
room 房间 / 空间；位置
work 作品/ 工作
paper 论文; 报纸/ 纸
glass 玻璃杯 / 玻璃
time 次；倍 / 时间
fish 鱼 / 鱼肉
既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：
(Countable/Uncountable) nouns can
have plurals(复数).
We can use a or an before
(countable / uncountable) nouns.
Uncountable nouns only take
(singular/plural) verbs.
Work out the rule
Describe them using the quantifiers (量词).
bottle/milk
box/egg
bowl/rice
glass/water
bag/apple
cup/coffee
eg. a bottle of milk
three bottles of milk
Read the sentences below and decide whether the nouns in italics are countable or uncountable. Write the words in the correct columns.
1 There is grass in a forest.
2 Do not throw rubbish into the river.
3 The air is fresh in the mountains.
4 The flowers are beautiful. Let me take a photo.
5 We should drink water every day. Here is a glass for you.
Countable Uncountable
forest
river
mountain
flower
photo
glass
grass
rubbish
air
water
P35
A1
There be 句型
There is a baby in the swimming pool.
There is a heavy rain today.
There be 句型的含义：某地/某时有某物/某人。
There be + 某物/某人 + 地点/时间。
引导词
有
主语
地点或时间状语
There is a dog under the tree.
There are three birds in the tree.
There am
There is some tea in the cup.
There be 句型的基本结构
Structure
There are many eggs in the basket.
There is a watermelon in the basket.
There is/are+…+某物/某人+某地
某地有某物或某人 “存在，有”
There be句型中be动词有单复数的变化。
基本结构
books
money
rooms
teacher
water
a picture
workers
milk
pencils
an apple
There _____
is
is
are
is
is
is
are
are
are
is
There be看名词；
单数is；复数are，
不可数名词要用is
Practice
1. There _____some bread on the table.
is
are
is
不可数名词
练习 Practice
2.There______a pen in the box.
is
are
is
名词单数
练习 Practice
3.There_____a lot of trees in the forest.
is
are
are
名词复数
就近原则
1.There_______a book and some pencils on the table.
2.There_______some pencils and a book on the table.
a book
is
some pencils
are
There be是近视眼，
遵循就近原则！
be动词单复数形式要跟there be之后的第一个名词保持一致
否定句：直接在be 动词后加 not.
一般疑问句：直接将be 动词提前到句首。
肯定回答：Yes, there is/are.
否定回答：No, there isn’t/aren’t.
There are some apples in the basket.
There aren’t apples in the basket.
any
Are there apples in the basket
any
Yes, there are.
No, there aren’t.
注意：在否定句和一般疑问句中将some改为any！
句型转换
Work out the rule
We use _________ with a singular noun
or an uncountable noun.
We use __________ with a plural noun.
there is
there are
There be 句型表示人或物的存在
★ 常见的There be 形式如下：
肯定式：There is / are …
否定式：There is / are not …
疑问式：Is / Are there …
★ There is + 单数可数名词/ 不可数名词
There are + 复数可数名词
There is/are ________________ on the table.
Speaking
Jane: _______ pollution in the sea. What can
we do to help protect the sea
Danny:________ many things we can do. We
can have a beach clean-up day. You
see, ________ always many bottles on
the beaches. They pollute the sea.
Complete their conversation with there is (not),
is there, there are or are there.
There is
There are
there are
P37
Jane: That’s a good idea! What else can we
do
Danny: We can ask people not to eat shark fin
soup. ________ a seafood restaurant
near your home
Jane: No,_________. _________ any other
things we can do to help
Is there
there isn’t
Are there
bottle glass bag bowl cup box
Exercise 1
a bowl of rice
three cups of coffee
a bottle of milk
a bag of apples
a glass of water
two boxes of eggs
1. orange
2. banana
3. photo
4. family
5. bus
6. watch
7. woman
8. child
oranges
bananas
photos
families
buses
watches
women
children
2. Write down the words’ plural forms.
3. Translate the expressions.
1.一个鸡蛋
2. 一些大米
3. 三个胡萝卜
4. 五袋苹果
5. a cup of milk
6. two bottles of orange
an egg
some rice
three carrots
five bags of apples
一杯牛奶
两瓶橙汁
1. How many _____ are there in the world
A. country B. countries C. country’s
2. My sister really likes to eat _____.
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes
B
C
Exercise 4 Choose the best answer.
3. We took _____ when we were travelling
in Paris.
A. photoes B. photos C. photo
4. When autumn comes, _______ of most
trees turn yellow and then fall down.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves
5. We brush our ______ every day.
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooth’s
B
C
B
6.I’m hungry. Please give me ___.
A. a bread B. some breads
C. a piece of bread
7.The ___ are going to fly to Beijing.
A. German B. Germans C. Germanys
8.Sheep ___ white and milk ___ also white.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is
C
B
B
1. There ______ some good news in today’s
newspaper.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
2. There ______ two pictures and a map of
China on the wall.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
3. Look, there _____ a lot of fish in this river.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
Choose the best answer.
Exercise 5：
C
C
B
4. ______ there many sheep on the hill
A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Has
5. There ______ a book and two apples
on the desk.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
6. There are two big ______ on the table.
And there _______ much water in them.
A. bottles, are B. bottle, is
C. bottles, is D. bottle, are
B
C
C
完成《课后作业》Unit 3 单元基础练部分（作文不写）
背诵Unit 3 单词和课文
订正Grammar 部分
Homework