2023届中考英语语法专项复习之：一般过去时和现在完成时课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
……………..
一般过去时
& 现在完成时
前提测评
1. Our teacher ___ English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught C. had taught
2. The boy thought for a while and ___ an idea.
A. will have B. has C. had
3. ---When ___ you ___ your old friend ---The day before yesterday.
A. will, visit B. did, visit C. have visited
4. ---How long ___ Mrs. Green ___ here
---About half a year.
A. did, live B. has, lived C. have, lived
5. The students haven’t visited a museum ___.
A. already B. ever C. before
6. Someone ___ the classroom. Look! How clean it is!
A. has swept B. is sweeping C. have swept
7. Uncle Wang has worked in the factory ___ 30 years.
A. for B. since C. over
8. Have you ___ seen a black man
A. before B. ever C. never
9. Peter lost his bike yesterday. ___ he ___ it yet
A. Has…looked for B. Does… find
C. Has …found
10. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he ____ in Beijing.
A. lived B. will live C. has lived
如何判断一般过去时
1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态. (常与yesterday, yesterday morning, two days ago, just now, last week/last month/last year, on that day, at that time, in 2001…等时间状语连用)
Jim刚才在这里．
Jim was here a moment ago.
你一小时前去哪儿了
Where did you go an hour ago
刚才
一小时前
2. 表示过去一段时间经常发生的动作或存在的状态. (常与often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语连用 ), 另外由when引导特殊疑问句用一般过去时，还有由after, before, when引导的时间状语状语从句。
---What ___ Mr. Jones ___ before he moved here
---He drove a city bus.
did, do B. does, do C. do, do
2. Jane ____ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.
buys B. will buy C. bought
3. How clean the classroom is! When you it
A. do, clean B. did clean C. have, cleaned
4. 当我还是一个小孩的时候, 我经常在街上踢足球.
__________________________ in summer when he was young.
I often played football
---I have seen the film “Titanic (铁达尼号)” . ---When you it
A. have, seen B. did, see C. will see
2. ---What did the teacher say just now
---He ______ us not to play computer games all day.
tells B. told C. has told
3. ---How was your weekend
---Great! We ______ a picnic by the lake.
have B. are having C. had
4. ---Haven’t I told you I like coffee without sugar
---Sorry. But I only a little.
A. am putting B. put C. will put
现在完成时
我已做完作业了.
2. 他刚回来.
3. 你曾经跟外国人说国话吗
_______ you ever ________ to a foreigner
4. 我以前从没骑过马.
I _______ never _______ a horse before.
5. 你爸爸在哪 他去了英国.
Where is your father
He __________________ England.
I have already finished my homework.
构成: have/has + 动词的过去分词
He has just come back.
Have spoken
have ridden
has gone to
用法: 1. 过去的动作对现在所造成的影响.
常与already, yet, never, ever, once, twice, just, before, still, so far, in the last 10 years, recently, ever since等连用. (already 常用于肯定句, yet 用于否定句, 疑问句.)
2.现在完成时表示动作在过去发生持续到现在并将继续下去.
我在这儿教了两年书.
2. 自从你们来这里，你们就在这家工厂工作了吗？
3. 自从十年前，他就不在美国住了.
4. ---你在这里住了多久了？---大概十年了。
---For about 10 years.
I have taught here for 2 years.
Have you worked in the factory since you came here
He hasn’t lived in America since 10 years ago.
---How long have you lived here
常与for + 一段时间
since + 过去的时间(年,月,日,时, …ago)
从句(用一般过去时) since I came here
how long 引导的特殊疑问句中
3. 短暂性动词(瞬间动词)在现在完成时中，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。要改为延续性动词。
*
He has come. (他已经来了)
He has come here for two hours.
He has been here for two hours.
√
×
√
Are they right
表示短暂动作的动词可以用于完成时态。He has come.但不能与 for…,since… 等表示一段时间时间状语连用以及用于How long 提问的疑问句中。 可用 it is + 时间 + since… 从句。
come--- been here/been in +地点
go --- been there/been in +地点
open ---been open close --- been closed
die---been dead leave---been away
buy---have had borrow---have kept
become---been arrive---been in
start/begin---been on
join---been in/been a member of…
1. ---When did you buy the book
---In 2008. So I it for 4 years.
A. bought B. have bought C. have had
2. 他奶奶去世十年了。
His grandma for ten years.
3. 他离校一年了。
He from school for a year.
4. 他来这里两年了.
He for two years.
has been away
has been dead
has been here
√
×
1. I have to Beijing once.
been B. gone C. went
2. ---Where is your brother
---He has to the library.
been B. gone C. went
3. I have this city for ten years.
been in B. been to C. gone to
4. He has gone abroad.
He has gone to abroad.
区别have (has) been to, have (has) gone to 和 have (has) been in有用法。
have ( has) been to 去过某地，人已回来。
2. have (has) gone to 去了某地，但人在外地。
3. have (has) been 指待在某地多长时间了，人仍在那地方，还未走。
4. 注意：与here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, abroad, where连用时中，to或in要去掉。
区别：
1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。
例如：We are good friends(现在情况)
我们是好朋友。
I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作)
我在2005年认识（结识）他
We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)
自从2005年来我们就相互认识。
Linda has a big house. (现在情况)
She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作)
She has owned the house for ten years.
She has lived in the house for ten years. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)
2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October， just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for， since， so far， ever， never， just， yet， till/until， up to now， in past years， always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning， tonight， this April， now， already， recently， lately 等。
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday， last， week， in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
改错：
Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
I have seen the film twice last month.
saw
比较练习
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book I can’t see it anywhere. --- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put
C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
B
C
D
比较练习
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds B. has found
C. was found D. has been found
6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgottenD. had spoken; have forgotten
C
D
B
1. My aunt isn’t here. She Shanghai on business. She will be back in three days.
went B. has gone to C. has been to
2. ---Will you go to the cinema, Mary
---No, I am afraid not. Because I my ticket.
lose B. have lost C. lost
3. 我很久没收到他的来信。
I for a long time.
4. 他不在这个城市，他已搬到美国去了。
He isn’t in this city. He to the United States.
haven’t heard from him
has moved
近几年中考题
1. Mrs. Smith with his family in New York in spring of 1997.
is, / B. was, the C. has been, the
2. ---May I speak to Mr. Smith
---Sorry, he Australia. But he in two days.
has been to, will come back
B. has gone to, will be back
C. has been in, would come back
3. ---How long you here
---Since 10 years ago.
A. did, live B. have, lived C. have, live
4. The rain stopped and the sun to shine.
began B. begins C. has begun
5. There a big cake and many candies at the party yesterday.
A. was B. were C. is
达标测评
6. ---What do you think of the film Harry Potter
---It’s very nice. I it twice.
will see B. have seen C. saw
7. 2010年有很多国家参加上海世博会。
Many countries the Expo in Shanghai.
8. 你听说过My heart will go on这首歌吗？
you the song called My heart will go on
took part in
Have heard of/heard about
1. They _____ here since a week ago.
A. have been B. have gone C. have been to
2. I ______ France twice.
A. have been to B. have gone to
C. have been dead
3. The great man ____ for 5 years.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead
4. ---May I speak to John ---Sorry, he ___ work.
A. has been in B. has gone to C. went to
5. They ____ come home yet.
A. have B. haven’t C. didn’t
6. The shop which sells coffee _____ for 3 years.
A. has been open B. has been opened
C. has opened