人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册单元测试 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 基础夯实（含答案无听力）
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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 基础夯实——2022-2023学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册单元测试
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It's difficult to know the exact answer to whether babies dream and what they dream about. However, sleep experts have shown that newborns dream the most in the first two weeks after birth. Babies spend most of their sleeping time in the REM (rapid eye movement) stage. As dreaming takes place in a light state of sleep, newborns tend to wake up due to noises, movements and other factors. When dreaming, newborns make a few noises and their eyes move. Their eyes may move around the sides or up and down. They may laugh, scream, or cry during the REM sleep. Also, their facial muscles, hands, and legs move, due to which they may wake up. So wrapping a baby in swaddling (裹紧的)clothes can keep the baby's body from moving and help him sleep better. As babies grow, their body movements decrease when dreaming.
Studies say that the brain activity associated with dreaming is essential for the babies' mental development. During the REM stage, the flow of blood to the brain increases. As a result, certain nerve proteins are produced, which are the building units of the brain. Babies get stimulation from what they see, hear, or feel. The brain processes the information acquired while awake, and stores what is essential to the individual. A study concludes that babies learn while they are dreaming.
What's the time for babies to start dreaming Researchers say that before birth, babies start experiencing REM sleep around week 25, and so they may start dreaming at the point. On the contrary, some psychologists believe that children start having dreams when they are about 5 years old. At that age, they start becoming aware of themselves and begin to understand the things around them, which is what dreams are actually made of.
1.What may babies do in the REM stage
A.Make faces. B.Stay awake.
C.Burst into laughter. D.Make eye contact with others.
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Benefits of baby-dreaming. B.Reasons for baby-dreaming.
C.When babies start dreaming. D.How babies dream while sleeping.
3.Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word "stimulation"
A.Messages. B.Possibilities. C.Conclusions. D.Descriptions.
B
Regardless of how far we'd like to believe gender (性别) equality in the workplace has come, there's still a big gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. Statistics show that women nowadays hold just 5.2 percent of CEO positions at S&P 500 companies, according to Catalyst.
While it's not a huge shock that there are only a small number of women in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.
In their research, Professor Oyvind L. Martinsen and Professor Lars Glaso surveyed almost 3,000 managers with a special focus on personality types. The result was clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.
While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women — this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as the ability to communicate clearly.
There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and the ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The result suggests that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.
Obviously, it's important to consider individual differences. Anyone, regardless of gender, may be an inspiring leader and a competent boss. But next time you're hiring someone for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes (个人简历) from female candidates a harder look.
1.What makes us shocked much at leadership positions
A. Women are worse than men.
B. Men take almost all high positions.
C. There is a huge gap between genders.
D. Women might behave better in nearly every field.
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "inherently" in Paragraph 4
A. Properly. B. Potentially. C. Naturally. D. Normally.
3.Who might have special interest in this text
A. Job hunters. B. Employers. C. Employees. D. Male researchers.
4.Which of the following may be the best title of this text
A. Why Women Make Better Bosses
B. How We Can Figure Out The Boss
C. How We Can Tell Gender Difference
D. Why Women Are More Sensitive Than Men
C
Were you into skateboarding, surfing or snowboarding when you were a kid We can remember our first (less than successful) go at skateboarding, as well as the first time we managed to stand up on one of those surfboards.
It was so much fun that we were hooked for life. However, not everyone thinks that introducing children to extreme sports is a good idea.
In the article from The New York Times, writer Jon Lack-man considers whether sports like snowboarding, climbing and skateboarding could be dangerous to the growing bodies of young children and looks for advice from medical professionals.
"Kids aren't mentally ready for these activities," says professor of orthopaedics (矫形外科), Dr. Vani Sabe-san. "They tend to underestimate the risks, and their parents can't always be trusted to keep them in check."
Sabesan is particularly worried about the effects of extreme sports on TV and the Internet on children. "What we're seeing is a lot of kids think they can do what these professional athletes can do. "
As I was encouraged by my parents to go surfing at the age of five and then presented with a surfboard aged seven, I think these worries are a little overstated, if not misplaced.
Extreme sports can be dangerous, yes, but there's as much chance of falling off your bike or your roller skates as off a skateboard or surfboard.
My own experience of extreme sports leads me to think that I’ll allow my own kids to try them in the same way my parents allowed me.
In sports such as surfing and snowboarding, there's a sense of adventure and courage that is important to instill(慢慢灌输) in young children.
Did I fall off my surfboard All the time. Did I get back on Every time.
Are the more extreme sports too dangerous for younger kids and better saved for teenagers Are extreme sports a great experience for all children to have and a great way to make the most out of your childhood
1.What does the underlined word "hooked" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Warned. B.Cheated. C.Attracted. D.Confused.
2.What's Jon Lackman's attitude towards kids taking part in extreme sports
A.Amazed. B.Doubtful. C.Admiring. D.Supportive.
3.What did the author's parents expect him to do when he was very young
A.To have a spirit of adventure. B.To set a good example to others.
C.To become a professional athlete. D.To get away from extreme sports.
4.What does the author think of extreme sports
A.They are really very dangerous for kids.
B.They are as easy to learn as roller skating.
C.They are helpful for kids to find their courage.
D.They are more suitable for teenagers than kids.
D
A snowboarder was feeling lucky to be alive yesterday after a helicopter rescue.
Ben Akintola, 30, was snowboarding in the French Alps under a clear blue sky in the afternoon when a large amount of snow fell down the side of the mountain. He didn't have time to escape and it hit him with full force and knocked him senseless.
He woke in the middle of the night in total darkness. He was lying on an icy rock. Amazingly, he still had a mobile phone signal, so he called a friend a thousand kilometers away in Britain. His friend called the French rescue services.
"I was waiting for what seemed like hours on that rock. I was beginning to give up hope when I heard the sound of a helicopter. It was circling around in the darkness, looking for me. I was trying my best to wave my mobile phone around. Fortunately the helicopter pilot saw the light.
"I was overjoyed when the helicopter headed my way. It stayed above me and began lowering a rope."
Ben was in hospital but he was not being treated for any serious injuries. He's looking forward to going home.
The French rescue services said, "We were very pleased that we were able to save Ben. The risk of snowslide off-piste(非滑雪场地的) is much higher at this time of year. All snowboarders and skiers should stay on the ski runs. Ben was very lucky."
1. What happened to Ben
A. He got lost in the French Alps. B. He had a snowboarding accident.
C. He was separated from his friends. D. He was knocked down by falling rocks.
2. The French rescue services learned about Ben's difficulty _______.
A. from his friend B. in the early afternoon
C. after receiving his call D. when seeing his mobile phone
3. How did Ben feel about the wait
A. It made him strong in the darkness. B. It caused him to hope for the best.
C. It was shorter than he expected. D. It was a little discouraging.
4. What's the best title for the text
A. A Lucky Escape B. A Rocky Mountain
C. Risks of Snowboarding D. French Rescue Services
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone wants to be happy every day, but sometimes we come across some problems which make us feel bad. There are a few ways that we can use to help ourselves to be happier every day.
①___________
When looking at your goals, remember to look at how far you have come towards achieving them. When you measure yourself against your goals, you will always have a negative feeling. When you measure yourself against where you started, you will be recognizing your achievements, and those deserve to be celebrated.
Make gratitude lists.
Expressing your appreciation for what you have is an important happiness strategy. ②___________
If you're having trouble thinking of things, you may be thinking too small. You need to widen your view. You can think about nature: the trees, the sun and the sound of a running stream. You can also think about people: family and friends whom you are grateful to for having a relationship. ③___________
Help other people.
There are many benefits that come from helping others, whether you are helping someone you know or volunteering for a community. ④___________ Studies have shown that people who volunteer live longer. Volunteering is also a great tool in the fight against depression because ifs easier to temporarily forget your problems when you turn your attention to the needs of others. ⑤___________
Use these tips in all areas of your life, and you will have a happier life!
A. You've probably heard this before.
B. We all have much to be grateful for.
C. Besides, it's an extremely pleasing activity.
D. It's one that is worth doing on a daily basis.
E. Measure your progress not your distance against the goal.
F. Be sure to make it a daily practice to celebrate your achievements.
G. Volunteering proves to be good for your health and your happiness.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every day I get outside and take a walk near my house. A few weeks ago I happened to 1 a nickel(镍币) on the road. I stepped on the 2 and kept walking. After a while I started thinking of my daughter who always stopped to pick up loose change. If she saw the nickel, she wouldn't 3 it. I wanted to go back for it, but I thought it would be 4 if someone saw me picking up a nickel.
Later that day I told my daughter about the 5 . She didn't say, "Don't worry about it. It is only a nickel." Instead she said, "I would have picked it up. When added up, they became something important." She had forever taken advantage of 6 small opportunities.
Deep into the night, I was wondering that it didn't take long for me to change my 7 from that nickel to those small opportunities that I had stepped on 8 passed by. How many opportunities had I lost 9 I thought they were not important
The next morning I worked along the 10 road. I was determined to pick up that nickel if I saw it again. But it was 11 . Someone else usually takes advantage of the opportunities that others 12 to pass by. When we decided to take advantage of them, the opportunities were no 13 there.
Since the day I walked past that nickel, I have paid much attention to small opportunities around me. I began to understand that a small opportunity can serve as the 14 of something bigger. What a great life 15 ! And it only cost me a nickel.
1. A. collect B. notice C. throw D. spend
2. A. street B. floor C. path D. coin
3. A. want B. value C. ignore D. recognize
4. A. impossible B. shaming C. pitiful D. useless
5. A. time B. walking C. nickel D. event
6. A. usually B. extremely C. seemingly D. sadly
7. A. thoughts B. plans C. actions D. attitudes
8. A. for B. but C. or D. and
9. A. unless B. until C. when D. because
10. A. crowded B. wide C. familiar D. same
11. A. broken B. gone C. dirty D. seized
12. A. refuse B. arrange C. choose D. happen
13. A. longer B. sooner C. larger D. more
14. A. cause B. beginning C. effect D. chance
15. A. experience B. skill C. lesson D. quality
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Longjing tea, ①_________ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its colour, taste and shape, ②_________ (name) after its production region—Longjing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the ③_________ (grow) of the tea, confirming the saying that "Longjing tea is one of the ④_________ (good) teas in the world".
Thanks ⑤_________ Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation. The story went that Emperor Qianlong visited the mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at ⑥_________ foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself. While ⑦_________ (pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother's illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and ⑧_________ (leave) Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother ⑨_________ (immediate) upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his sleeves and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely ⑩_________ (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all ills. From then on, it was listed as the tribute tea.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是高二学生李华,曾在英国学习三个月,现已回国。你想联系你的英国老师Mr. Richard,但没有他的联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的英国同学Jack写一封80词左右的信:
1. 感谢Jack对你英语学习的帮助;
2. 询问Mr. Richard的近况并索要其联系方式;
3. 邀请Jack在暑假期间来济南做客。
注意:
1. 信的开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数);
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
Thanks for your kind help during my stay in the UK. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A little girl had been shopping with her mom in WalMart. She must have been 6 years old with brown hair and an innocent face. It was pouring with rain outside. We all stood just inside the door of the supermarket, carrying our shopping bags.
We waited. Some were patient, while others were irritated because it ruined their hurried day. I got lost in the sound and sight of the rain washing away the dirt and dust of the world.
The little girl's voice was so sweet as it broke the trance (昏睡状态) we were caught in. "Mom, let's run through the rain," she said. "What " Mom asked. "Let's run through the rain!" she repeated.
"No, honey. We'll wait until it slows down a bit," Mom replied.
This young child waited about another minute and repeated, "Mom, let's run through the rain."
"We'll get wet if we do," Mom said.
"No, we won't, Mom. That's not what you said this morning," the young girl said as she pulled her mom's arm.
"This morning When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet "
"Don't you remember When you talked about Daddy's cancer, you said, 'If we all believe that we can get through this, then we can get through anything!'"
The entire crowd fell silent. I swear you couldn't hear anything but the rain. We all stood silently. No one came or left in the next few minutes. Mom paused and thought for a moment about what she would say.
"Honey, you are absolutely right. Let's run through the rain. If we get wet, then maybe we just need washing," Mom said.
Paragraph 1:
Then off they ran. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The little girl was right.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.CAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的They may laugh, scream, or cry during the REM sleep.可知,婴儿在快速眼动睡眠期间可能会笑、尖叫或哭,故选C项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句Studies say that the brain activity associated with dreaming is essential for the babies' mental development.可知,和做梦有关的大脑活动对婴儿的智力发展是极其重要的,接下来整段都是在解释婴儿做梦的好处。故选A项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句The brain processes the information acquired while awake, and stores what is essential to the individual.可知,大脑在醒着的时候会处理获得的信息并存储对个体有用的信息。由此可推知,婴儿从看到的、听到的和感觉到的事物中获得的是“信息”。故stimulation在此处意为“信息”。故选A项。
B
答案：1-4 DCBA
解析：1.根据第二段中的"what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area"可知，让人惊讶的是，女性可能在几乎各个领域都（比男性）更加适合成为领导。故选D。
2.根据本段中的"While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders—probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women"可知，由于一些先天的条件，一些人认为男性生来就能成为更好的领导者。综合选项来看，C项与之意思最接近。故选C。
3.根据文章最后一句"But next time you're hiring someone for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes（个人简历）from female candidates a harder look"可知，雇主们会对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。
4.通读全文，根据第二段内容以及第四段中的"this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as the ability to communicate clearly"可知，本文主要解释女性可能在几乎各个领域比男性更加适合成为领导，因此A项切题。
C
答案：1-4.CBAC
解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了儿童是否应该参加极限运动。
1.词义猜测题。由画线词后However一词表示转折可知,此处指第一段提及的滑板、冲浪、单板滑雪运动带来的快乐终身吸引着我们。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"...considers...be dangerous to the growing bodies of young children and looks for advice from medical professionals."可知,Jon Lackman对儿童是否应该参加极限运动持怀疑的态度。
3.推理判断题。根据第六段作者的父母在他五岁时就让他接触冲浪运动和倒数第三段作者认为极限运动有助于培养儿童的冒险意识可知,那时他的父母期望他能有一点儿冒险精神。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"In sports such as surfing and snowboarding, there's a sense of adventure and courage that is important to instill in young children."可知,作者认为极限运动有助于培养儿童的勇气和胆量。
D
答案：1-4 BADA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He didn't have time to escape and it hit him with full force and knocked him senseless.”以及文章接下来描述的内容可知，本在阿尔卑斯山出了滑雪事故。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His friend called the French rescue services.”可知，是他的朋友给法国救援服务机构打的电话。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I was waiting for what seemed like hours on that rock. I was beginning to give up hope”可知，本在漫长的等待过程中开始有点儿放弃希望了。
4.标题归纳题。文章首段“A snowboarder was feeling lucky to be alive yesterday after a helicopter rescue.”为全文的主题句，下文围绕此话题展开叙述。由此可知，A项作标题最合适。
第二节
答案：EDBGC
解析：①空处是本段的小标题。本段主要讲了当你审视你的目标时,要看取得了多大的进展,而不是你与目标的距离。故E项符合语境。
②本段主要讲了列出感激清单。结合空前的"Expressing your appreciation for what you have is an important happiness strategy"以及空后的内容可知,为拥有的东西表达感激让人快乐,所以这是值得每天都做的事。故选D。
③上文说,要感激大自然,你的家人,你的朋友,即我们有许多要感激的。分析选项可知B项"我们都有很多的东西要感激"与上文联系紧密,且本段中的grateful与B项中的grateful相呼应。故选B。
④下文指出,研究表明,做志愿服务的人的寿命更长,志愿服务也是对抗抑郁的一个很好的工具,由此可知,志愿服务对人的健康和幸福有好处,故G项正确。
⑤上文讲到了志愿服务对人的一系列的好处,空处应是承接上文,继续列举志愿服务对人的积极影响。故C项"此外,这是一项非常愉快的活动"符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 BDCBC 6-10 CACDD 11-15 BCABC
解析：1.根据语境可知，这里要表达的意思是作者无意中发现地面上有一枚镍币，故选B。
2.根据前文的“a nickel”语义提示可知，这里是说作者踏在这枚硬币上，所以选项D符合题意。
3.根据前一句所述可知，作者的女儿总是停下来捡起零钱，运用逻辑推断可知，如果她见到这样一枚镍币，一定不会忽视，所以选项C符合题意。
4.根据常识判断可知，作者认为自己回去捡那枚镍币（价钱不高），如果被别人看见了，一定是很尴尬或难为情，所以选项B符合题意。
5.根据上下文的内容以及作者女儿所说的“I would have picked it up.”中的“it”提示可知，答案选C项。
6.根据对上文句意的理解可知，她永远利用看似微小的机会，可知选项C符合题意。
7.根据第一段的“I started thinking of...”和“…I thought it would be...”，并结合上下文可知，作者的思考从那枚硬币转移到那些生活中微小的机会上了，所以答案选A项。
8.根据上下文的语境，运用逻辑推断可知，这里的“stepped on”和“passed by”是表示选择的并列关系，所以选项C符合题意。
9.根据语意可知，此处表示因果关系，所以选D项。
10.文章第一句说到作者每天都出去在家附近的路上散步，所以这里是说他走同一条路。
11.根据前一句“如果我再次看到那枚镍币，我一定会将它捡起来”，结合这里表示转折关系的but可知，它已经不见了，所以选项B符合题意。
12.根据上下文的内容可知，人们这样做是各自的选择或决定，所以答案选C项。
13.句意：当我们决定把握这些机会时，它们已经不在那里了。no longer“不再”。
14.根据第二段作者女儿所说的“When added up, they became something important.”并结合本句句意可知，作者开始明白微小的机会可以成为大事的开端，所以答案选B项。
15.根据上下文的语境可知作者经过这件事后，得到的是人生的教训，故答案选C项。
第二节
答案：which; is named; growth; best; to ; the; picking; left; immediately; refreshed
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍龙井茶是中国十大名茶之一,好的环境及水质是它成为名茶的原因以及龙井茶成为贡茶的传说。
①此处Longing tea是先行词,指物,设空处在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。
②此处讲的是龙井茶名字的由来,是事实,故用一般现在时,句子主语Longing tea是单数,和name之间是被动关系,故填is named。
③根据the和设空处后的of可知,此空用名词形式,故填growth。
④根据“one of + the +最高级+名词复数”可知,设空处应用形容词最高级,故填best。
⑤thanks to为固定短语,意为“多亏了……”,填to。
⑥at the foot of为固定短语,意为“在……脚下”,故填the。
⑦此处pick和句子主语he之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作时间状语,故填picking。
⑧此处是表示过去的并列谓语,故填left。
⑨副词修饰动词visited,故填immediately。
⑩此处用到“find +宾语+宾补(形容词)”结构,故填refreshed。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Jack,
Thanks for your kind help during my stay in the UK. I learned a lot while I stayed there.
How is Mr. Richard I'd like to keep in touch with him, but I can't contact him so I ask for his telephone number or e-mail address. Can you give it to me
Jinan is known for its beautiful springs. If you can come to visit Jinan, I would rather work as a guide. I will show you around everywhere. I am sure that you will learn a lot about China.
I'm looking forward to your reply!
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Then off they ran. We all stood, watching and smiling as they rushed past the cars. They held their shopping bags over their heads in case they would get wet. There's no doubt that they got wet. But they did not mind it at all. Soon they were followed by a few who screamed and laughed like children on the way to their cars. And yes, I did, too. I ran in the rain for I needed washing not only my body but also my mind.
Paragraph 2:
The little girl was right. As she and her mom said, if we brave the elements, we can overcome any problems. We should never be frightened by the temporary problems we are faced with. They have taught me a lesson that with faith and courage, we can get through anything in our lives!
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It's difficult to know the exact answer to whether babies dream and what they dream about. However, sleep experts have shown that newborns dream the most in the first two weeks after birth. Babies spend most of their sleeping time in the REM (rapid eye movement) stage. As dreaming takes place in a light state of sleep, newborns tend to wake up due to noises, movements and other factors. When dreaming, newborns make a few noises and their eyes move. Their eyes may move around the sides or up and down. They may laugh, scream, or cry during the REM sleep. Also, their facial muscles, hands, and legs move, due to which they may wake up. So wrapping a baby in swaddling (裹紧的)clothes can keep the baby's body from moving and help him sleep better. As babies grow, their body movements decrease when dreaming.
Studies say that the brain activity associated with dreaming is essential for the babies' mental development. During the REM stage, the flow of blood to the brain increases. As a result, certain nerve proteins are produced, which are the building units of the brain. Babies get stimulation from what they see, hear, or feel. The brain processes the information acquired while awake, and stores what is essential to the individual. A study concludes that babies learn while they are dreaming.
What's the time for babies to start dreaming Researchers say that before birth, babies start experiencing REM sleep around week 25, and so they may start dreaming at the point. On the contrary, some psychologists believe that children start having dreams when they are about 5 years old. At that age, they start becoming aware of themselves and begin to understand the things around them, which is what dreams are actually made of.
1.What may babies do in the REM stage
A.Make faces. B.Stay awake.
C.Burst into laughter. D.Make eye contact with others.
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Benefits of baby-dreaming. B.Reasons for baby-dreaming.
C.When babies start dreaming. D.How babies dream while sleeping.
3.Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word "stimulation"
A.Messages. B.Possibilities. C.Conclusions. D.Descriptions.
B
Regardless of how far we'd like to believe gender (性别) equality in the workplace has come, there's still a big gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. Statistics show that women nowadays hold just 5.2 percent of CEO positions at S&P 500 companies, according to Catalyst.
While it's not a huge shock that there are only a small number of women in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.
In their research, Professor Oyvind L. Martinsen and Professor Lars Glaso surveyed almost 3,000 managers with a special focus on personality types. The result was clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.
While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women — this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as the ability to communicate clearly.
There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and the ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The result suggests that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.
Obviously, it's important to consider individual differences. Anyone, regardless of gender, may be an inspiring leader and a competent boss. But next time you're hiring someone for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes (个人简历) from female candidates a harder look.
1.What makes us shocked much at leadership positions
A. Women are worse than men.
B. Men take almost all high positions.
C. There is a huge gap between genders.
D. Women might behave better in nearly every field.
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "inherently" in Paragraph 4
A. Properly. B. Potentially. C. Naturally. D. Normally.
3.Who might have special interest in this text
A. Job hunters. B. Employers. C. Employees. D. Male researchers.
4.Which of the following may be the best title of this text
A. Why Women Make Better Bosses
B. How We Can Figure Out The Boss
C. How We Can Tell Gender Difference
D. Why Women Are More Sensitive Than Men
C
Were you into skateboarding, surfing or snowboarding when you were a kid We can remember our first (less than successful) go at skateboarding, as well as the first time we managed to stand up on one of those surfboards.
It was so much fun that we were hooked for life. However, not everyone thinks that introducing children to extreme sports is a good idea.
In the article from The New York Times, writer Jon Lack-man considers whether sports like snowboarding, climbing and skateboarding could be dangerous to the growing bodies of young children and looks for advice from medical professionals.
"Kids aren't mentally ready for these activities," says professor of orthopaedics (矫形外科), Dr. Vani Sabe-san. "They tend to underestimate the risks, and their parents can't always be trusted to keep them in check."
Sabesan is particularly worried about the effects of extreme sports on TV and the Internet on children. "What we're seeing is a lot of kids think they can do what these professional athletes can do. "
As I was encouraged by my parents to go surfing at the age of five and then presented with a surfboard aged seven, I think these worries are a little overstated, if not misplaced.
Extreme sports can be dangerous, yes, but there's as much chance of falling off your bike or your roller skates as off a skateboard or surfboard.
My own experience of extreme sports leads me to think that I’ll allow my own kids to try them in the same way my parents allowed me.
In sports such as surfing and snowboarding, there's a sense of adventure and courage that is important to instill(慢慢灌输) in young children.
Did I fall off my surfboard All the time. Did I get back on Every time.
Are the more extreme sports too dangerous for younger kids and better saved for teenagers Are extreme sports a great experience for all children to have and a great way to make the most out of your childhood
1.What does the underlined word "hooked" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Warned. B.Cheated. C.Attracted. D.Confused.
2.What's Jon Lackman's attitude towards kids taking part in extreme sports
A.Amazed. B.Doubtful. C.Admiring. D.Supportive.
3.What did the author's parents expect him to do when he was very young
A.To have a spirit of adventure. B.To set a good example to others.
C.To become a professional athlete. D.To get away from extreme sports.
4.What does the author think of extreme sports
A.They are really very dangerous for kids.
B.They are as easy to learn as roller skating.
C.They are helpful for kids to find their courage.
D.They are more suitable for teenagers than kids.
D
A snowboarder was feeling lucky to be alive yesterday after a helicopter rescue.
Ben Akintola, 30, was snowboarding in the French Alps under a clear blue sky in the afternoon when a large amount of snow fell down the side of the mountain. He didn't have time to escape and it hit him with full force and knocked him senseless.
He woke in the middle of the night in total darkness. He was lying on an icy rock. Amazingly, he still had a mobile phone signal, so he called a friend a thousand kilometers away in Britain. His friend called the French rescue services.
"I was waiting for what seemed like hours on that rock. I was beginning to give up hope when I heard the sound of a helicopter. It was circling around in the darkness, looking for me. I was trying my best to wave my mobile phone around. Fortunately the helicopter pilot saw the light.
"I was overjoyed when the helicopter headed my way. It stayed above me and began lowering a rope."
Ben was in hospital but he was not being treated for any serious injuries. He's looking forward to going home.
The French rescue services said, "We were very pleased that we were able to save Ben. The risk of snowslide off-piste(非滑雪场地的) is much higher at this time of year. All snowboarders and skiers should stay on the ski runs. Ben was very lucky."
1. What happened to Ben
A. He got lost in the French Alps. B. He had a snowboarding accident.
C. He was separated from his friends. D. He was knocked down by falling rocks.
2. The French rescue services learned about Ben's difficulty _______.
A. from his friend B. in the early afternoon
C. after receiving his call D. when seeing his mobile phone
3. How did Ben feel about the wait
A. It made him strong in the darkness. B. It caused him to hope for the best.
C. It was shorter than he expected. D. It was a little discouraging.
4. What's the best title for the text
A. A Lucky Escape B. A Rocky Mountain
C. Risks of Snowboarding D. French Rescue Services
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone wants to be happy every day, but sometimes we come across some problems which make us feel bad. There are a few ways that we can use to help ourselves to be happier every day.
①___________
When looking at your goals, remember to look at how far you have come towards achieving them. When you measure yourself against your goals, you will always have a negative feeling. When you measure yourself against where you started, you will be recognizing your achievements, and those deserve to be celebrated.
Make gratitude lists.
Expressing your appreciation for what you have is an important happiness strategy. ②___________
If you're having trouble thinking of things, you may be thinking too small. You need to widen your view. You can think about nature: the trees, the sun and the sound of a running stream. You can also think about people: family and friends whom you are grateful to for having a relationship. ③___________
Help other people.
There are many benefits that come from helping others, whether you are helping someone you know or volunteering for a community. ④___________ Studies have shown that people who volunteer live longer. Volunteering is also a great tool in the fight against depression because ifs easier to temporarily forget your problems when you turn your attention to the needs of others. ⑤___________
Use these tips in all areas of your life, and you will have a happier life!
A. You've probably heard this before.
B. We all have much to be grateful for.
C. Besides, it's an extremely pleasing activity.
D. It's one that is worth doing on a daily basis.
E. Measure your progress not your distance against the goal.
F. Be sure to make it a daily practice to celebrate your achievements.
G. Volunteering proves to be good for your health and your happiness.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every day I get outside and take a walk near my house. A few weeks ago I happened to 1 a nickel(镍币) on the road. I stepped on the 2 and kept walking. After a while I started thinking of my daughter who always stopped to pick up loose change. If she saw the nickel, she wouldn't 3 it. I wanted to go back for it, but I thought it would be 4 if someone saw me picking up a nickel.
Later that day I told my daughter about the 5 . She didn't say, "Don't worry about it. It is only a nickel." Instead she said, "I would have picked it up. When added up, they became something important." She had forever taken advantage of 6 small opportunities.
Deep into the night, I was wondering that it didn't take long for me to change my 7 from that nickel to those small opportunities that I had stepped on 8 passed by. How many opportunities had I lost 9 I thought they were not important
The next morning I worked along the 10 road. I was determined to pick up that nickel if I saw it again. But it was 11 . Someone else usually takes advantage of the opportunities that others 12 to pass by. When we decided to take advantage of them, the opportunities were no 13 there.
Since the day I walked past that nickel, I have paid much attention to small opportunities around me. I began to understand that a small opportunity can serve as the 14 of something bigger. What a great life 15 ! And it only cost me a nickel.
1. A. collect B. notice C. throw D. spend
2. A. street B. floor C. path D. coin
3. A. want B. value C. ignore D. recognize
4. A. impossible B. shaming C. pitiful D. useless
5. A. time B. walking C. nickel D. event
6. A. usually B. extremely C. seemingly D. sadly
7. A. thoughts B. plans C. actions D. attitudes
8. A. for B. but C. or D. and
9. A. unless B. until C. when D. because
10. A. crowded B. wide C. familiar D. same
11. A. broken B. gone C. dirty D. seized
12. A. refuse B. arrange C. choose D. happen
13. A. longer B. sooner C. larger D. more
14. A. cause B. beginning C. effect D. chance
15. A. experience B. skill C. lesson D. quality
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Longjing tea, ①_________ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its colour, taste and shape, ②_________ (name) after its production region—Longjing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the ③_________ (grow) of the tea, confirming the saying that "Longjing tea is one of the ④_________ (good) teas in the world".
Thanks ⑤_________ Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation. The story went that Emperor Qianlong visited the mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at ⑥_________ foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself. While ⑦_________ (pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother's illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and ⑧_________ (leave) Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother ⑨_________ (immediate) upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his sleeves and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely ⑩_________ (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all ills. From then on, it was listed as the tribute tea.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是高二学生李华,曾在英国学习三个月,现已回国。你想联系你的英国老师Mr. Richard,但没有他的联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的英国同学Jack写一封80词左右的信:
1. 感谢Jack对你英语学习的帮助;
2. 询问Mr. Richard的近况并索要其联系方式;
3. 邀请Jack在暑假期间来济南做客。
注意:
1. 信的开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数);
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
Thanks for your kind help during my stay in the UK. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A little girl had been shopping with her mom in WalMart. She must have been 6 years old with brown hair and an innocent face. It was pouring with rain outside. We all stood just inside the door of the supermarket, carrying our shopping bags.
We waited. Some were patient, while others were irritated because it ruined their hurried day. I got lost in the sound and sight of the rain washing away the dirt and dust of the world.
The little girl's voice was so sweet as it broke the trance (昏睡状态) we were caught in. "Mom, let's run through the rain," she said. "What " Mom asked. "Let's run through the rain!" she repeated.
"No, honey. We'll wait until it slows down a bit," Mom replied.
This young child waited about another minute and repeated, "Mom, let's run through the rain."
"We'll get wet if we do," Mom said.
"No, we won't, Mom. That's not what you said this morning," the young girl said as she pulled her mom's arm.
"This morning When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet "
"Don't you remember When you talked about Daddy's cancer, you said, 'If we all believe that we can get through this, then we can get through anything!'"
The entire crowd fell silent. I swear you couldn't hear anything but the rain. We all stood silently. No one came or left in the next few minutes. Mom paused and thought for a moment about what she would say.
"Honey, you are absolutely right. Let's run through the rain. If we get wet, then maybe we just need washing," Mom said.
Paragraph 1:
Then off they ran. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The little girl was right.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.CAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的They may laugh, scream, or cry during the REM sleep.可知,婴儿在快速眼动睡眠期间可能会笑、尖叫或哭,故选C项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句Studies say that the brain activity associated with dreaming is essential for the babies' mental development.可知,和做梦有关的大脑活动对婴儿的智力发展是极其重要的,接下来整段都是在解释婴儿做梦的好处。故选A项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句The brain processes the information acquired while awake, and stores what is essential to the individual.可知,大脑在醒着的时候会处理获得的信息并存储对个体有用的信息。由此可推知,婴儿从看到的、听到的和感觉到的事物中获得的是“信息”。故stimulation在此处意为“信息”。故选A项。
B
答案：1-4 DCBA
解析：1.根据第二段中的"what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area"可知，让人惊讶的是，女性可能在几乎各个领域都（比男性）更加适合成为领导。故选D。
2.根据本段中的"While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders—probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women"可知，由于一些先天的条件，一些人认为男性生来就能成为更好的领导者。综合选项来看，C项与之意思最接近。故选C。
3.根据文章最后一句"But next time you're hiring someone for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes（个人简历）from female candidates a harder look"可知，雇主们会对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。
4.通读全文，根据第二段内容以及第四段中的"this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as the ability to communicate clearly"可知，本文主要解释女性可能在几乎各个领域比男性更加适合成为领导，因此A项切题。
C
答案：1-4.CBAC
解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了儿童是否应该参加极限运动。
1.词义猜测题。由画线词后However一词表示转折可知,此处指第一段提及的滑板、冲浪、单板滑雪运动带来的快乐终身吸引着我们。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"...considers...be dangerous to the growing bodies of young children and looks for advice from medical professionals."可知,Jon Lackman对儿童是否应该参加极限运动持怀疑的态度。
3.推理判断题。根据第六段作者的父母在他五岁时就让他接触冲浪运动和倒数第三段作者认为极限运动有助于培养儿童的冒险意识可知,那时他的父母期望他能有一点儿冒险精神。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"In sports such as surfing and snowboarding, there's a sense of adventure and courage that is important to instill in young children."可知,作者认为极限运动有助于培养儿童的勇气和胆量。
D
答案：1-4 BADA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He didn't have time to escape and it hit him with full force and knocked him senseless.”以及文章接下来描述的内容可知，本在阿尔卑斯山出了滑雪事故。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His friend called the French rescue services.”可知，是他的朋友给法国救援服务机构打的电话。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I was waiting for what seemed like hours on that rock. I was beginning to give up hope”可知，本在漫长的等待过程中开始有点儿放弃希望了。
4.标题归纳题。文章首段“A snowboarder was feeling lucky to be alive yesterday after a helicopter rescue.”为全文的主题句，下文围绕此话题展开叙述。由此可知，A项作标题最合适。
第二节
答案：EDBGC
解析：①空处是本段的小标题。本段主要讲了当你审视你的目标时,要看取得了多大的进展,而不是你与目标的距离。故E项符合语境。
②本段主要讲了列出感激清单。结合空前的"Expressing your appreciation for what you have is an important happiness strategy"以及空后的内容可知,为拥有的东西表达感激让人快乐,所以这是值得每天都做的事。故选D。
③上文说,要感激大自然,你的家人,你的朋友,即我们有许多要感激的。分析选项可知B项"我们都有很多的东西要感激"与上文联系紧密,且本段中的grateful与B项中的grateful相呼应。故选B。
④下文指出,研究表明,做志愿服务的人的寿命更长,志愿服务也是对抗抑郁的一个很好的工具,由此可知,志愿服务对人的健康和幸福有好处,故G项正确。
⑤上文讲到了志愿服务对人的一系列的好处,空处应是承接上文,继续列举志愿服务对人的积极影响。故C项"此外,这是一项非常愉快的活动"符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 BDCBC 6-10 CACDD 11-15 BCABC
解析：1.根据语境可知，这里要表达的意思是作者无意中发现地面上有一枚镍币，故选B。
2.根据前文的“a nickel”语义提示可知，这里是说作者踏在这枚硬币上，所以选项D符合题意。
3.根据前一句所述可知，作者的女儿总是停下来捡起零钱，运用逻辑推断可知，如果她见到这样一枚镍币，一定不会忽视，所以选项C符合题意。
4.根据常识判断可知，作者认为自己回去捡那枚镍币（价钱不高），如果被别人看见了，一定是很尴尬或难为情，所以选项B符合题意。
5.根据上下文的内容以及作者女儿所说的“I would have picked it up.”中的“it”提示可知，答案选C项。
6.根据对上文句意的理解可知，她永远利用看似微小的机会，可知选项C符合题意。
7.根据第一段的“I started thinking of...”和“…I thought it would be...”，并结合上下文可知，作者的思考从那枚硬币转移到那些生活中微小的机会上了，所以答案选A项。
8.根据上下文的语境，运用逻辑推断可知，这里的“stepped on”和“passed by”是表示选择的并列关系，所以选项C符合题意。
9.根据语意可知，此处表示因果关系，所以选D项。
10.文章第一句说到作者每天都出去在家附近的路上散步，所以这里是说他走同一条路。
11.根据前一句“如果我再次看到那枚镍币，我一定会将它捡起来”，结合这里表示转折关系的but可知，它已经不见了，所以选项B符合题意。
12.根据上下文的内容可知，人们这样做是各自的选择或决定，所以答案选C项。
13.句意：当我们决定把握这些机会时，它们已经不在那里了。no longer“不再”。
14.根据第二段作者女儿所说的“When added up, they became something important.”并结合本句句意可知，作者开始明白微小的机会可以成为大事的开端，所以答案选B项。
15.根据上下文的语境可知作者经过这件事后，得到的是人生的教训，故答案选C项。
第二节
答案：which; is named; growth; best; to ; the; picking; left; immediately; refreshed
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍龙井茶是中国十大名茶之一,好的环境及水质是它成为名茶的原因以及龙井茶成为贡茶的传说。
①此处Longing tea是先行词,指物,设空处在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。
②此处讲的是龙井茶名字的由来,是事实,故用一般现在时,句子主语Longing tea是单数,和name之间是被动关系,故填is named。
③根据the和设空处后的of可知,此空用名词形式,故填growth。
④根据“one of + the +最高级+名词复数”可知,设空处应用形容词最高级,故填best。
⑤thanks to为固定短语,意为“多亏了……”,填to。
⑥at the foot of为固定短语,意为“在……脚下”,故填the。
⑦此处pick和句子主语he之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作时间状语,故填picking。
⑧此处是表示过去的并列谓语,故填left。
⑨副词修饰动词visited,故填immediately。
⑩此处用到“find +宾语+宾补(形容词)”结构,故填refreshed。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Jack,
Thanks for your kind help during my stay in the UK. I learned a lot while I stayed there.
How is Mr. Richard I'd like to keep in touch with him, but I can't contact him so I ask for his telephone number or e-mail address. Can you give it to me
Jinan is known for its beautiful springs. If you can come to visit Jinan, I would rather work as a guide. I will show you around everywhere. I am sure that you will learn a lot about China.
I'm looking forward to your reply!
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Then off they ran. We all stood, watching and smiling as they rushed past the cars. They held their shopping bags over their heads in case they would get wet. There's no doubt that they got wet. But they did not mind it at all. Soon they were followed by a few who screamed and laughed like children on the way to their cars. And yes, I did, too. I ran in the rain for I needed washing not only my body but also my mind.
Paragraph 2:
The little girl was right. As she and her mom said, if we brave the elements, we can overcome any problems. We should never be frightened by the temporary problems we are faced with. They have taught me a lesson that with faith and courage, we can get through anything in our lives!