人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试 Unit 5 Launching Your Career 能力提升（含答案）
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Unit 5 Launching Your Career 能力提升——2022-2023学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Millions of Americans sit behind a computer screen, chained to their desk all day because the vast majority of stable, high-paid professions are "office jobs". However, having a successful career does not require you to sit behind a desk and plug away at a computer all day.
In fact, there are a large number of non-desk jobs in a variety of industries that are growing and offering workers a direct path to the middle class, according to a new analysis of labor market information from CareerBuilder. While most of the highest-paid non-desk jobs are medical professions that require a doctoral or professional degree, there are 170 non-desk professions that pay $15 per hour or more, do not require a Bachelor's degree for a typical entry-level position, and have seen at least 6 percent job growth over the last four years.
"The US workforce has gradually changed to office-based work because of the rise of the professional service economy and productivity gains associated with information technology," Rosemary Haefner, Vice President of Human Resources at CareerBuilder, said in a statement.
"But some of the healthiest areas of job growth year after year are in middle-skill professions that don't require workers to sit in front of computer monitors and phones for 40 hours a week."
Here are the top-paid jobs that don't require you to work at a desk of various kinds, none of which require a four-year college degree. And their hourly salary and growth rate are as follows since 2010: professional assistants: $26.57, 14 percent; elevator repairers: $37.81, 6 percent; mechanical engineering technicians: $25.19, 10 percent; electromechanical technicians: $24.68 , 8 percent.
While they tend to pay less than traditional office jobs, non-desk professions provide a variety of benefits. Haefner pointed to a 2014 CareerBuilder survey that discovered employees who don't work at a desk all day were less likely to complain about their work environment and more dedicated to their work.
1. What does the underlined phrase "plug away" in the first paragraph probably mean
A. Tum off a switch. B. Look for a job.
C. Keep on working. D. Give up working.
2. What conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph
A. A non-desk job may provide you with a middle-class life.
B. The last four years has seen an increase in desk jobs.
C. The college degree is the ticket to a position.
D. A non-desk job cannot offer you a secure life.
3. What does the writer attempt to tell us
A. "Office jobs" are appealing to the middle class.
B. Non-desk jobs are a good choice for us.
C. "Office jobs" are secure and high-paid.
D. Non-desk professions are better than office jobs.
B
A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women's shoes.
Every day, millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from plastic bottles. More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day. Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.
A San Francisco-based company called Rothy's, however, turns this plastic waste into environmentally friendly shoes. Roth Martin is the company's co-founder. He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for women's feet. They take plastic, clean it, and break it down into small pieces. Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers. Those fibers are then bonded together. This is done by a 3-D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while people are making the shoes. The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe's outer part called the sole (鞋底). This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material: responsibly sourced no-carbon rubber.
Rothy's shoes are sold online. They are flat shoes, with either a rounded or pointed toe. They come in different colors and designs. They cost either $ 125 or $ 145 per pair, depending on the design. After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them, the demand for the shoes grew. Martin says there is no shortage of material to fill that demand. "We're not going to run out of water bottles any time soon, so we have a limitless supply of material, and I think that is a good sign for our future." When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out, customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled material to make other products.
For now, the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States. However, the company says it will add international shops in the near future.
1.How are used plastic bottles usually dealt with
A.They are used to make shoes. B.They are buried or burned.
C.They are changed into soft material. D.They are returned to factories for reuse.
2.What does the underlined word "knitted" in the third paragraph mean
A.Combined. B.Fixed. C.Spotted. D.Repaired.
3.Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothy's shoes
A.The design and color. B.The reasonable price.
C.The power of famous people. D.The company's advertisement.
4.What is the purpose of the text
A.To advertise a new kind of shoes.
B.To describe the process of making shoes.
C.To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste.
D.To stress the importance of environmental protection.
C
We spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers. Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majority of our 300,000-yeeir human evolution(进化),work was in fact pretty simple. We worked to eat and avoid being eaten. Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like spirituality, art, religion, or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didn’t earn much or they were worn out and rare to see that they complain they didn't experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly, the idea that we ought to bring our "whole self" to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identity, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother, husband, American, Christian, captain of the local soccer team, etc.
Others, however, have very low psychological distance with their work role, seeing it as essentially intertwined(使交融) with who they are. They don't just come to work, but they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
1.Why did we spend much of our adult lives working
A.To prepare for future careers. B.To find the water sources.
C.To help us evolve. D.To make us survive.
2.Why did the writer mention the worker a century ago
A.To help us find the meaning at work. B.To prove that the idea was modern.
C.To show us the bad old days. D.To complain about the experience.
3.Which of the following might William Kahn agree with
A.Employees have different understandings about their work role.
B.Every employee must bring their whole self to work.
C.To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.
D.Workers' core identity is built on art categories.
4.What kind of employees do most companies favour
A.Those who see work as a job. B.Those who identify with their work role.
C.Those who are fully devoted to their work. D.Those who possess experience.
D
Forgiving(宽恕) someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits(好处). When you think of forgiveness, you probably don't think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being(健康).
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less clear and may be more dangerous. That's why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and writer of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less sadness or hopelessness. They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn't matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it's worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it's OK. Instead, it's a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
1. The writer of the passage tries to make his point clear by _____.
A. mentioning some studies B. sharing his own experience
C. raising some questions D. mentioning some health problems
2. The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to _____.
A. show how to control oneself
B. introduce a famous professor
C. support his point on anger and hatred
D. tell the readers cartoon characters are powerful when they get angry
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage
A. It's not easy to know if you are angry.
B. People who are able to forgive feel less tired.
C. It's hard to forgive someone who hurts you.
D. You can let your anger go by breathing deeply.
4. The best title for this passage is probably _____.
A. Forgiving Others Is Hard B. Anger Is Bad for Health
C. Learning to Forgive Is Important D. Forgiveness Is Good for Health
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. Few businesses can run nowadays without computers. ①________ Researchers from Princeton University conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes on a lecture. ②________ Participants were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later. And handwriting emerged as the champion.
③________ The typers had a significant edge when it came to note-taking efficiency. The typers could copy down significantly many more words than the writers, sometimes even transcribing the contents of the lecture word-for-word.
But while more of the lecture's content was retained(保 留) on paper when typing, it wasn't necessarily retained in participants' heads. ④________ On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions.
As for the later quiz, the results were similar. Students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas. ⑤________
A. The tests that the participants took proved this.
B. The efficiency of handwriting might best benefit you.
C. That's not to say that typing doesn't have its benefits.
D. In this study, the laptops were only used to take notes.
E. Generally speaking, typing also has its own disadvantages.
F. But what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance in society
G. Clearly, writing by hand is one of the things that can make you smarter.
二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I didn't consider lots of career 1 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earn good grades in maths and science classes, I found people 2 me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my 3 .
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 4 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of 5 you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly 6 . Dr Espinoza was a caring and 7 teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me realise that I had other choices besides being a(n) 8 : heading for a career in biological research.
Due to Dr Espinoza, I found that scientists aren't just what we 9 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 10 real problems. This led me to seek out opportunities to do real science projects and see if I 11 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 12 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people.
Falling in love with 13 was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey towards being a scientist was 14 , but helped along by many teachers and professors who 15 me the way.
1. A. development B. difficulty C. choices D. requirements
2. A. appointing B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging
3. A. university B. office C. room D. lab
4. A. league B. lecture C. test D. teamwork
5. A. agent B. volunteer C. host D. professor
6. A. opposite B. traditional C. typical D. similar
7. A. average B. casual C. enthusiastic D. severe
8. A. lawyer B. educator C. scholar D. engineer
9. A. take care of B. make fun of C. learn about D. search for
10. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore
11. A. enjoyed B. doubted C. recommended D. acknowledged
12. A. replace B. predict C. conduct D. copy
13. A. literature B. science C. language D. art
14. A. precious B. smooth C. beneficial D. slow
15. A. promised B. showed C. left D. awarded
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you know the man ①_____ wrote this book He was Jason, one of the engineers ②_____ families came from the USSR in the 1950s, ③_____ our country needed rapid development. He worked in the same factory ④_____ my father once worked. When he came to China, the first thing ⑤_____ he did was to visit the factory doing research on trolleybuses and found out the reason ⑥_____ China was so backward in it. Then he spent every minute ⑦_____ he could spare to help China develop transportation. ⑧_____ is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner who contributed much to our country, ⑨_____ impressed everyone around him. He was a kind man to ⑩_____ we should say thanks.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是中学生李华, 得知北京2022年冬奥会组委会正在招募志愿者。请根据以下要点,用英文给组委会写一封申请信。内容包括:
1.写信的目的;
2.说明个人优势:精通英语,热爱运动,有志愿者经验;
3.希望申请成功。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madame, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your early response.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
My husband and I travel a lot. We had a horse, a wonderful horse called Dusty. We were out of town when a one-hundred-mile horse race went right past the road in front of my house. My horse wanted to compete in the race, so she jumped over the fence and left quickly.
The next day my husband and I came back home. We found a note on the front door from the police. It said that my horse had gone back to a bam(牲口棚) on the other side of town. She had been born there eighteen years before. So we drove there. It was a lovely old farm and it was owned then by people I didn't know.
The new owners were a man, his wife and their children, two little girls aged seven and five. We saw Dusty was in the bam. "When the little girls got up that morning, they started screaming (尖叫)," their father said. That was because at the top of the hill, with the sun rising, was this beautiful horse. They attracted her to the bam. They spent the day brushing her and treating her.
The seven-year-old girl turned to me. She said, "Can I ride her before you take her back " I said, "Yes." And then I went to a store and bought a bottle of apple juice. When I returned, they told me they had always wished for a horse. But their parents really didn't have the money for one, which made them give up the dream.
I told them I was going to give them Dusty. And I wanted them to make a promise. Someday when they grow up, they each may find a little girl — a little girl they don't know — and give her some very special gifts that she is always looking forward to. They agreed.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
How happy the two little girls were when they knew they could have the horse!_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The seven-year-old girl told us her dreams.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 CAB
解析：1.词义猜测题。结合上文However, having a successful career does not require you to sit behind a desk可知, 拥有一份成功的职业并不需要你整天坐在桌子后面, 并列连词and后是画线词, 所以画线词的词义是与坐在桌子后面类似的, 那就是在电脑前一直工作, 故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的In fact, there are a large number...to the middle class可知, 事实上各行各业都有大量的非办公室工作, 这些工作岗位正在增加, 为工人们提供了一条通往中产阶级的道路。所以, 从第二段中能得出的结论就是非办公室工作可能会给你提供中产阶级的生活, 故选A。
3.推理判断题。最后一段作者指出非办公室工作会提供给人们很多好处, 比如员工对工作环境的抱怨更少, 更加专心于工作, 因此作者想要告诉我们的就是非办公室工作对我们来说是一个好的选择。故选B。
B
答案：1-4.BACC
解析：1.考查细节理解:根据第二段中的 "Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products" 可知,废弃塑料瓶的处理方法通常是被填埋或焚烧。故B项正确。
2.考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的 "Those fibers are then bonded together" 可推知, The knitted stuff 指的就是上文中提到的结合在一起的纤维,故A项符合语境。
3.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 "After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them, the demand for the shoes grew" 可知,是 Gwyneth Paltrow 的名人效应直接促使了 Rothy's 鞋子销量的增加。故C项正确。
4.考查写作意图。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段 "A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women’s shoes" 可知,本文介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故C项正确。
C
答案：1-4.DBAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"We worked to eat and avoid being eaten."可知,人们成年后为了生存大部分时间都在工作。故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention."可知,我们注定要在工作中找到意义或找到有意义的工作,这种想法即使不是后现代的,也是相当现代的发明。由此可推知,作者提到一个世纪前的这个工人是为了证明这个想法是现代的。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role."可知,他认为员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不相同。A项“员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解”属于William Kahn的观点。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for."可知,大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工。故选C项。
D
答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段的Studies from Stanford University,第二段的Two new studies以及第三段的The studies find that等提示可知，作者提到了好几个研究结果，目的是证明自己的观点，故选A正确。其余三个选项均不符合逻辑，故排除。
2.推理判断题。作者在第二段中说，漫画书里的人物一生气，其颜色就会变。接着说，生气和仇恨对人的身心健康有很大的危害。可见作者在该段是要阐述生气和仇恨有害的观点，故选C正确。其余三个选项不符合语境，故排除。
3.细节理解题。由第二段的In the real world, anger is less clear可知A提到过。由首句Forgiving(宽恕） someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing.可知C提到过。由倒数第二段的Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help.可知D提到过。通读全文可知B没有提到，故选B符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。文章首段为主题段,该段说宽恕他人很难做到，但是宽恕他人对自己的身心健康有好处。可见选D符合文章的主旨。其余三个选项均为局部内容，不能反映文章主旨，故排除。
第二节
答案：FDCAG
解析：①空格前说书法正在迅速成为一门即将消失的艺术,如今没有电脑,几乎没有企业能运营;空格后提到了一项研究,这项研究着眼于弄清手写记笔记和打字记笔记的区别。F项“但是,随着书法在社会中失去其重要性,我们失去了什么 ”承接上文,引发人们对书法消失的反思,又引出了下文的研究结果。故选F。
②空格前说普林斯顿大学的研究人员做了一项研究以弄清手写记笔记与打字记笔记的学生之间有什么不同。D项“在这项研究中,笔记本电脑只用来记笔记”承接上文,进一步说明这项研究的一些要求。故选D。
③空格处位于段首,是本段的主旨句;本段主要介绍了打字记笔记的优势。C项“这并不是说打字记笔记没有益处”概括了本段的主旨。故选C。
④空格前说尽管用电脑打字记笔记的参与者能记录更多内容,但是他们不一定能记住这些内容;空格后说打字记笔记的学生与手写记笔记的学生在回答关于讲座基本内容的问题上表现得差不多,但当涉及更概念性的问题时,打字记笔记的学生就不如手写记笔记的学生了。A项“参与者参加的这些测试证明了这一点”承上启下,符合语境。故选A。
⑤空格前说一周后手写记笔记的学生仍能记住并理解讲座的内容,而且他们更乐意接受新思想。G项“显然,手写是让你变得更聪明的方法之一”承接上文,符合语境。故选G。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDABD 6-10 ACDCA 11-15 ACBDB
解析：1.根据第8空前的“that I had other choices...in biological research”可知，高中毕业时, “我”没考虑过众多的职业选择（choices)。development“发展”； difficulty“困难”; requirement “所需的东西”。
2.像大多数数学和科学课程出众的学生一样，人们鼓励(encouraging)“我”以后成为一名工程师。appoint“任命，安排”; force“迫使”; allow“允许，准许”。
3.根据下文中的“While I was at university， I learned…what I learned with people.”可知，上大学(university)后，一切都发生了改变。
4.根据下文中的“and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可知，此处填入的词在范畴上应与classes一致，故lecture“讲座”符合语境。
5.根据语境可知，此处指坐等教授（professor)的到来。agent“代理人，经纪人”; volunteer “志愿者”; host“主人，节目主持人”。
6.根据上文可知，坐等教授时，“我”以为即将来上课的老师就如同电视节目中看到的那样古板、严肃，但后来“我”发现她是一位体贴且富有热情的（enthusiastic)老师。故先前想象的与实际见到的完全相反（opposite)。traditional“传统的”; typical“典型的”; similar“相似的”。
7.由下一句中的“Her exciting classes”可知，她是一位富有热情的老师。average“平均的，正常的，一般的”； casual“漫不经心的，随便的”； severe“极为恶劣的，严厉的”。
8.第一段中的“to be an engineer”是提示。
9.“我”发现科学家并非像我们在国家地理频道上了解到（learn about)的那样。
10.他们是回答真实问题并解决(solve)实际问题的有血有肉的人。
11.从全文可知，选择职业首先要看喜欢不喜欢，故本题选enjoy合理。doubt“怀疑”, recommend“推荐，建议”， acknowledge“承认，感谢”,都不合文意。
12.在大学里，“我”学到了如何问好的问题，如何做(conduct)实验和收集数据，以及如何和别人分享“我”了解到的东西。conduct experiments“做实验”，为固定用法。
13.根据上文做科学研究项目的描述可知B项符合语境。
14.由后面but连接的句子可知，此处表示虽然成为科学家之路是缓慢的(slow)。
15.但一路上有很多老师和教授给“我”引路(showed me the way)。
第二节
答案： who/ that; whose; when; where; that; why; that; As; which; whom
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madame,
I'm Li Hua, a high school student from Beijing. Interested in the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, Fm writing to apply to be a volunteer in the games.
I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the voluntary job. Above all, I'm a fluent English speaker so that I have no difficulty communicating with visitors. Besides, keen on sports, I'm quite familiar with different events and the locations of the venues as a local. Equally importantly, I previously served as a volunteer several times, which is also an advantage over other candidates. I do believe I can do the job well if I'm granted a chance.
I'm looking forward to your early response.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：Paragraph 1:
How happy the two little girls were when they knew they could have the horse! They fed Dusty in the bam and then my husband and I were invited to have lunch in their house. We accepted their invitation. Because of bad weather, the harvest of the family was always poor, but the parents never gave up hope. They worked hard on the farm and tried their best to make the little girls live happily.
Paragraph 2:
The seven-year-old girl told us her dreams. She said, "I was always dreaming of keeping a lovely pet like Dusty and today the dream has come true. I make a promise to take good care of her. I will clean the barn every day. I have another dream —that is to compete in a horse race. I think it must be really exciting." When we left there, the little girls thanked us once again.
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Millions of Americans sit behind a computer screen, chained to their desk all day because the vast majority of stable, high-paid professions are "office jobs". However, having a successful career does not require you to sit behind a desk and plug away at a computer all day.
In fact, there are a large number of non-desk jobs in a variety of industries that are growing and offering workers a direct path to the middle class, according to a new analysis of labor market information from CareerBuilder. While most of the highest-paid non-desk jobs are medical professions that require a doctoral or professional degree, there are 170 non-desk professions that pay $15 per hour or more, do not require a Bachelor's degree for a typical entry-level position, and have seen at least 6 percent job growth over the last four years.
"The US workforce has gradually changed to office-based work because of the rise of the professional service economy and productivity gains associated with information technology," Rosemary Haefner, Vice President of Human Resources at CareerBuilder, said in a statement.
"But some of the healthiest areas of job growth year after year are in middle-skill professions that don't require workers to sit in front of computer monitors and phones for 40 hours a week."
Here are the top-paid jobs that don't require you to work at a desk of various kinds, none of which require a four-year college degree. And their hourly salary and growth rate are as follows since 2010: professional assistants: $26.57, 14 percent; elevator repairers: $37.81, 6 percent; mechanical engineering technicians: $25.19, 10 percent; electromechanical technicians: $24.68 , 8 percent.
While they tend to pay less than traditional office jobs, non-desk professions provide a variety of benefits. Haefner pointed to a 2014 CareerBuilder survey that discovered employees who don't work at a desk all day were less likely to complain about their work environment and more dedicated to their work.
1. What does the underlined phrase "plug away" in the first paragraph probably mean
A. Tum off a switch. B. Look for a job.
C. Keep on working. D. Give up working.
2. What conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph
A. A non-desk job may provide you with a middle-class life.
B. The last four years has seen an increase in desk jobs.
C. The college degree is the ticket to a position.
D. A non-desk job cannot offer you a secure life.
3. What does the writer attempt to tell us
A. "Office jobs" are appealing to the middle class.
B. Non-desk jobs are a good choice for us.
C. "Office jobs" are secure and high-paid.
D. Non-desk professions are better than office jobs.
B
A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women's shoes.
Every day, millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from plastic bottles. More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day. Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.
A San Francisco-based company called Rothy's, however, turns this plastic waste into environmentally friendly shoes. Roth Martin is the company's co-founder. He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for women's feet. They take plastic, clean it, and break it down into small pieces. Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers. Those fibers are then bonded together. This is done by a 3-D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while people are making the shoes. The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe's outer part called the sole (鞋底). This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material: responsibly sourced no-carbon rubber.
Rothy's shoes are sold online. They are flat shoes, with either a rounded or pointed toe. They come in different colors and designs. They cost either $ 125 or $ 145 per pair, depending on the design. After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them, the demand for the shoes grew. Martin says there is no shortage of material to fill that demand. "We're not going to run out of water bottles any time soon, so we have a limitless supply of material, and I think that is a good sign for our future." When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out, customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled material to make other products.
For now, the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States. However, the company says it will add international shops in the near future.
1.How are used plastic bottles usually dealt with
A.They are used to make shoes. B.They are buried or burned.
C.They are changed into soft material. D.They are returned to factories for reuse.
2.What does the underlined word "knitted" in the third paragraph mean
A.Combined. B.Fixed. C.Spotted. D.Repaired.
3.Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothy's shoes
A.The design and color. B.The reasonable price.
C.The power of famous people. D.The company's advertisement.
4.What is the purpose of the text
A.To advertise a new kind of shoes.
B.To describe the process of making shoes.
C.To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste.
D.To stress the importance of environmental protection.
C
We spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers. Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majority of our 300,000-yeeir human evolution(进化),work was in fact pretty simple. We worked to eat and avoid being eaten. Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like spirituality, art, religion, or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didn’t earn much or they were worn out and rare to see that they complain they didn't experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly, the idea that we ought to bring our "whole self" to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identity, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother, husband, American, Christian, captain of the local soccer team, etc.
Others, however, have very low psychological distance with their work role, seeing it as essentially intertwined(使交融) with who they are. They don't just come to work, but they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
1.Why did we spend much of our adult lives working
A.To prepare for future careers. B.To find the water sources.
C.To help us evolve. D.To make us survive.
2.Why did the writer mention the worker a century ago
A.To help us find the meaning at work. B.To prove that the idea was modern.
C.To show us the bad old days. D.To complain about the experience.
3.Which of the following might William Kahn agree with
A.Employees have different understandings about their work role.
B.Every employee must bring their whole self to work.
C.To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.
D.Workers' core identity is built on art categories.
4.What kind of employees do most companies favour
A.Those who see work as a job. B.Those who identify with their work role.
C.Those who are fully devoted to their work. D.Those who possess experience.
D
Forgiving(宽恕) someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits(好处). When you think of forgiveness, you probably don't think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being(健康).
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less clear and may be more dangerous. That's why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and writer of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less sadness or hopelessness. They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn't matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it's worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it's OK. Instead, it's a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
1. The writer of the passage tries to make his point clear by _____.
A. mentioning some studies B. sharing his own experience
C. raising some questions D. mentioning some health problems
2. The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to _____.
A. show how to control oneself
B. introduce a famous professor
C. support his point on anger and hatred
D. tell the readers cartoon characters are powerful when they get angry
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage
A. It's not easy to know if you are angry.
B. People who are able to forgive feel less tired.
C. It's hard to forgive someone who hurts you.
D. You can let your anger go by breathing deeply.
4. The best title for this passage is probably _____.
A. Forgiving Others Is Hard B. Anger Is Bad for Health
C. Learning to Forgive Is Important D. Forgiveness Is Good for Health
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. Few businesses can run nowadays without computers. ①________ Researchers from Princeton University conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes on a lecture. ②________ Participants were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later. And handwriting emerged as the champion.
③________ The typers had a significant edge when it came to note-taking efficiency. The typers could copy down significantly many more words than the writers, sometimes even transcribing the contents of the lecture word-for-word.
But while more of the lecture's content was retained(保 留) on paper when typing, it wasn't necessarily retained in participants' heads. ④________ On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions.
As for the later quiz, the results were similar. Students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas. ⑤________
A. The tests that the participants took proved this.
B. The efficiency of handwriting might best benefit you.
C. That's not to say that typing doesn't have its benefits.
D. In this study, the laptops were only used to take notes.
E. Generally speaking, typing also has its own disadvantages.
F. But what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance in society
G. Clearly, writing by hand is one of the things that can make you smarter.
二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I didn't consider lots of career 1 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earn good grades in maths and science classes, I found people 2 me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my 3 .
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 4 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of 5 you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly 6 . Dr Espinoza was a caring and 7 teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me realise that I had other choices besides being a(n) 8 : heading for a career in biological research.
Due to Dr Espinoza, I found that scientists aren't just what we 9 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 10 real problems. This led me to seek out opportunities to do real science projects and see if I 11 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 12 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people.
Falling in love with 13 was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey towards being a scientist was 14 , but helped along by many teachers and professors who 15 me the way.
1. A. development B. difficulty C. choices D. requirements
2. A. appointing B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging
3. A. university B. office C. room D. lab
4. A. league B. lecture C. test D. teamwork
5. A. agent B. volunteer C. host D. professor
6. A. opposite B. traditional C. typical D. similar
7. A. average B. casual C. enthusiastic D. severe
8. A. lawyer B. educator C. scholar D. engineer
9. A. take care of B. make fun of C. learn about D. search for
10. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore
11. A. enjoyed B. doubted C. recommended D. acknowledged
12. A. replace B. predict C. conduct D. copy
13. A. literature B. science C. language D. art
14. A. precious B. smooth C. beneficial D. slow
15. A. promised B. showed C. left D. awarded
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you know the man ①_____ wrote this book He was Jason, one of the engineers ②_____ families came from the USSR in the 1950s, ③_____ our country needed rapid development. He worked in the same factory ④_____ my father once worked. When he came to China, the first thing ⑤_____ he did was to visit the factory doing research on trolleybuses and found out the reason ⑥_____ China was so backward in it. Then he spent every minute ⑦_____ he could spare to help China develop transportation. ⑧_____ is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner who contributed much to our country, ⑨_____ impressed everyone around him. He was a kind man to ⑩_____ we should say thanks.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是中学生李华, 得知北京2022年冬奥会组委会正在招募志愿者。请根据以下要点,用英文给组委会写一封申请信。内容包括:
1.写信的目的;
2.说明个人优势:精通英语,热爱运动,有志愿者经验;
3.希望申请成功。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madame, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your early response.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
My husband and I travel a lot. We had a horse, a wonderful horse called Dusty. We were out of town when a one-hundred-mile horse race went right past the road in front of my house. My horse wanted to compete in the race, so she jumped over the fence and left quickly.
The next day my husband and I came back home. We found a note on the front door from the police. It said that my horse had gone back to a bam(牲口棚) on the other side of town. She had been born there eighteen years before. So we drove there. It was a lovely old farm and it was owned then by people I didn't know.
The new owners were a man, his wife and their children, two little girls aged seven and five. We saw Dusty was in the bam. "When the little girls got up that morning, they started screaming (尖叫)," their father said. That was because at the top of the hill, with the sun rising, was this beautiful horse. They attracted her to the bam. They spent the day brushing her and treating her.
The seven-year-old girl turned to me. She said, "Can I ride her before you take her back " I said, "Yes." And then I went to a store and bought a bottle of apple juice. When I returned, they told me they had always wished for a horse. But their parents really didn't have the money for one, which made them give up the dream.
I told them I was going to give them Dusty. And I wanted them to make a promise. Someday when they grow up, they each may find a little girl — a little girl they don't know — and give her some very special gifts that she is always looking forward to. They agreed.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
How happy the two little girls were when they knew they could have the horse!_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The seven-year-old girl told us her dreams.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 CAB
解析：1.词义猜测题。结合上文However, having a successful career does not require you to sit behind a desk可知, 拥有一份成功的职业并不需要你整天坐在桌子后面, 并列连词and后是画线词, 所以画线词的词义是与坐在桌子后面类似的, 那就是在电脑前一直工作, 故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的In fact, there are a large number...to the middle class可知, 事实上各行各业都有大量的非办公室工作, 这些工作岗位正在增加, 为工人们提供了一条通往中产阶级的道路。所以, 从第二段中能得出的结论就是非办公室工作可能会给你提供中产阶级的生活, 故选A。
3.推理判断题。最后一段作者指出非办公室工作会提供给人们很多好处, 比如员工对工作环境的抱怨更少, 更加专心于工作, 因此作者想要告诉我们的就是非办公室工作对我们来说是一个好的选择。故选B。
B
答案：1-4.BACC
解析：1.考查细节理解:根据第二段中的 "Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products" 可知,废弃塑料瓶的处理方法通常是被填埋或焚烧。故B项正确。
2.考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的 "Those fibers are then bonded together" 可推知, The knitted stuff 指的就是上文中提到的结合在一起的纤维,故A项符合语境。
3.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 "After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them, the demand for the shoes grew" 可知,是 Gwyneth Paltrow 的名人效应直接促使了 Rothy's 鞋子销量的增加。故C项正确。
4.考查写作意图。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段 "A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women’s shoes" 可知,本文介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故C项正确。
C
答案：1-4.DBAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"We worked to eat and avoid being eaten."可知,人们成年后为了生存大部分时间都在工作。故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention."可知,我们注定要在工作中找到意义或找到有意义的工作,这种想法即使不是后现代的,也是相当现代的发明。由此可推知,作者提到一个世纪前的这个工人是为了证明这个想法是现代的。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role."可知,他认为员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不相同。A项“员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解”属于William Kahn的观点。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for."可知,大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工。故选C项。
D
答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段的Studies from Stanford University,第二段的Two new studies以及第三段的The studies find that等提示可知，作者提到了好几个研究结果，目的是证明自己的观点，故选A正确。其余三个选项均不符合逻辑，故排除。
2.推理判断题。作者在第二段中说，漫画书里的人物一生气，其颜色就会变。接着说，生气和仇恨对人的身心健康有很大的危害。可见作者在该段是要阐述生气和仇恨有害的观点，故选C正确。其余三个选项不符合语境，故排除。
3.细节理解题。由第二段的In the real world, anger is less clear可知A提到过。由首句Forgiving(宽恕） someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing.可知C提到过。由倒数第二段的Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help.可知D提到过。通读全文可知B没有提到，故选B符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。文章首段为主题段,该段说宽恕他人很难做到，但是宽恕他人对自己的身心健康有好处。可见选D符合文章的主旨。其余三个选项均为局部内容，不能反映文章主旨，故排除。
第二节
答案：FDCAG
解析：①空格前说书法正在迅速成为一门即将消失的艺术,如今没有电脑,几乎没有企业能运营;空格后提到了一项研究,这项研究着眼于弄清手写记笔记和打字记笔记的区别。F项“但是,随着书法在社会中失去其重要性,我们失去了什么 ”承接上文,引发人们对书法消失的反思,又引出了下文的研究结果。故选F。
②空格前说普林斯顿大学的研究人员做了一项研究以弄清手写记笔记与打字记笔记的学生之间有什么不同。D项“在这项研究中,笔记本电脑只用来记笔记”承接上文,进一步说明这项研究的一些要求。故选D。
③空格处位于段首,是本段的主旨句;本段主要介绍了打字记笔记的优势。C项“这并不是说打字记笔记没有益处”概括了本段的主旨。故选C。
④空格前说尽管用电脑打字记笔记的参与者能记录更多内容,但是他们不一定能记住这些内容;空格后说打字记笔记的学生与手写记笔记的学生在回答关于讲座基本内容的问题上表现得差不多,但当涉及更概念性的问题时,打字记笔记的学生就不如手写记笔记的学生了。A项“参与者参加的这些测试证明了这一点”承上启下,符合语境。故选A。
⑤空格前说一周后手写记笔记的学生仍能记住并理解讲座的内容,而且他们更乐意接受新思想。G项“显然,手写是让你变得更聪明的方法之一”承接上文,符合语境。故选G。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDABD 6-10 ACDCA 11-15 ACBDB
解析：1.根据第8空前的“that I had other choices...in biological research”可知，高中毕业时, “我”没考虑过众多的职业选择（choices)。development“发展”； difficulty“困难”; requirement “所需的东西”。
2.像大多数数学和科学课程出众的学生一样，人们鼓励(encouraging)“我”以后成为一名工程师。appoint“任命，安排”; force“迫使”; allow“允许，准许”。
3.根据下文中的“While I was at university， I learned…what I learned with people.”可知，上大学(university)后，一切都发生了改变。
4.根据下文中的“and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可知，此处填入的词在范畴上应与classes一致，故lecture“讲座”符合语境。
5.根据语境可知，此处指坐等教授（professor)的到来。agent“代理人，经纪人”; volunteer “志愿者”; host“主人，节目主持人”。
6.根据上文可知，坐等教授时，“我”以为即将来上课的老师就如同电视节目中看到的那样古板、严肃，但后来“我”发现她是一位体贴且富有热情的（enthusiastic)老师。故先前想象的与实际见到的完全相反（opposite)。traditional“传统的”; typical“典型的”; similar“相似的”。
7.由下一句中的“Her exciting classes”可知，她是一位富有热情的老师。average“平均的，正常的，一般的”； casual“漫不经心的，随便的”； severe“极为恶劣的，严厉的”。
8.第一段中的“to be an engineer”是提示。
9.“我”发现科学家并非像我们在国家地理频道上了解到（learn about)的那样。
10.他们是回答真实问题并解决(solve)实际问题的有血有肉的人。
11.从全文可知，选择职业首先要看喜欢不喜欢，故本题选enjoy合理。doubt“怀疑”, recommend“推荐，建议”， acknowledge“承认，感谢”,都不合文意。
12.在大学里，“我”学到了如何问好的问题，如何做(conduct)实验和收集数据，以及如何和别人分享“我”了解到的东西。conduct experiments“做实验”，为固定用法。
13.根据上文做科学研究项目的描述可知B项符合语境。
14.由后面but连接的句子可知，此处表示虽然成为科学家之路是缓慢的(slow)。
15.但一路上有很多老师和教授给“我”引路(showed me the way)。
第二节
答案： who/ that; whose; when; where; that; why; that; As; which; whom
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madame,
I'm Li Hua, a high school student from Beijing. Interested in the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, Fm writing to apply to be a volunteer in the games.
I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the voluntary job. Above all, I'm a fluent English speaker so that I have no difficulty communicating with visitors. Besides, keen on sports, I'm quite familiar with different events and the locations of the venues as a local. Equally importantly, I previously served as a volunteer several times, which is also an advantage over other candidates. I do believe I can do the job well if I'm granted a chance.
I'm looking forward to your early response.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：Paragraph 1:
How happy the two little girls were when they knew they could have the horse! They fed Dusty in the bam and then my husband and I were invited to have lunch in their house. We accepted their invitation. Because of bad weather, the harvest of the family was always poor, but the parents never gave up hope. They worked hard on the farm and tried their best to make the little girls live happily.
Paragraph 2:
The seven-year-old girl told us her dreams. She said, "I was always dreaming of keeping a lovely pet like Dusty and today the dream has come true. I make a promise to take good care of her. I will clean the barn every day. I have another dream —that is to compete in a horse race. I think it must be really exciting." When we left there, the little girls thanked us once again.