人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试 Unit 5 Launching Your Career基础夯实（含答案）
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| 更新时间 | 2022-09-12 22:36:20 | ||
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Unit 5 Launching Your Career 基础夯实——2022-2023学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do you have a job If you do, you'll know the world of work can be tough, long hours, boring tasks and stress. But it can bring benefits too, such as a regular salary. Maybe that's why more of us are now taking on a side hustle—another name for a second job.
For some having two jobs is a necessity—a way to make ends meet and provide extra income. But it now seems that more people want to put their skills and passions into practice to make money. These tend to be entrepreneurial young people who want to work on their own projects alongside their main source of income.
According to Henley Business School, around one in four workers runs at least one side hustle business, half of which were started in the past two years. Those aged 25 to 34 are most likely to be involved, with 37 percent thought to run a sideline(副业) of some kind. It calculates that the average side hustler makes about 20 percent of their income through their second job.
But what's interesting is that many millennials(千禧一代) are turning their hand to new jobs not just for money and security. Research has found that almost three-quarters of people are following a passion or exploring a new challenge. Becci Mai Ford, who works some of the time for a telecommunications(电信) company to pay the bills, spends the rest of her time developing her craft company. She says going full-time is "not financially worth it right now but it fuels my creative soul and makes me happy".
Of course having a side hustle means you are self-employed, which can give you flexibility to work when you like, but it can be risky. You sometimes work on a zero-hour contract and may not get offered enough work. Or what was originally your passion may become more of a chore. However, this could be the best way to try out a new career or follow a passion while not giving up the day job.
1. Which of the following is NOT the reason for people to take on a side hustle
A. To make money. B. To obtain job satisfaction.
C. To have the flexibility to work. D. To enjoy a risky lifestyle.
2. How does the author explain the study from Henley Business School
A. By describing the process. B. By making a comparison.
C. By presenting research findings. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
3. What is the author's attitude towards having a second job
A. Critical. B. Indifferent. C. Neutral. D. Favorable.
B
Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most times the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases that is not possible due to parents' busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, a blue-eyed robot, a human image, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.
The Robot AVatar Thermal-Enhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by Laura-Ann Petitto, an educational neuroscientist. The learning process begins when the robot's camera, which is focused on the baby's face, notices tiny changes in his/her body temperature. This, combined with the baby's facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby's attention to a computer screen, on which a human image starts to communicate with the baby. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the image might respond, "Are you pointing to me " and follow that up with a nursery rhyme or fairy tale, all in American Sign Language (ASL). The "conversation" continues until the kid loses interest.
The researchers found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after communicating with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or signs, activates (激活) the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motion proves the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.
What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive(互动的) nature and real-time response to the baby's actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system's long-term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce a robot that can both sign and speak to babies.
1.What can the RAVE system help parents do
A.Improve babies' health condition. B.Take good care of babies.
C.Develop babies' language skills. D.Keep company with babies.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.How babies learn ASL effectively. B.How parents educate their babies.
C.How robots talk and read to babies. D.How the RAVE system works.
3.What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system
A.Interest in videos and TV shows. B.Changes in their body temperature.
C.Improvement in their natural language. D.Hand movements in a rhythm like ASL.
4.What do the researchers think of the RAVE system
A.Promising. B.Impractical. C.Satisfactory. D.Disappointing.
C
Dragging a sleigh loaded with enough presents for the world's children can be no easy skill. But, since ancient times, this duty has been performed by a team of beloved reindeer.
Soon, however, we may have to start looking around for a stronger type of animal, as new research shows the species is becoming increasingly puny. A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian islands, Svalbard, found the reindeer there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent.
The reduction in average body weight is being blamed on global warming. In the research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists have explained how upward temperatures are robbing female reindeer of nutrients during important periods of pregnancy.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of a year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures increase by around 1.5℃ , grass has become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by autumn and therefore to have more babies. However, winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when it settles on the snow. Reindeer can often access the poor food sources beneath the snow by clearing it away with their antlers (鹿角), but they cannot break through the hard ice. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to lose their babies or give birth to the much lighter young.
Despite the findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the effect of climate change than some other arctic species. Last week the scientists warned that a third of the world's polar bears could disappear in the next 40 years.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "puny" in Paragraph 2
A.Strong. B.Mature. C.Heavy. D.Weak.
2.Why do female reindeer become fat in autumn
A.The temperature is getting low. B.They give birth to more babies.
C.Grass grows well during the period. D.They often break through the hard ice.
3.What can we infer from the text
A.Climate change has little effect on reindeer.
B.Polar bears suffer more from climate change.
C.Reindeer have no trouble finding food in winter.
D.Polar bears will disappear totally in the near future.
4.What does the text mainly talk about
A.The duty of dragging a sleigh will not be carried out by reindeer.
B.Reindeer have decreased in weight owing to global warming.
C.Global warming contributes to more young reindeer.
D.Many arctic species are at the risk of dying out.
D
In many developed countries, people who have high degrees begin to work longer than those who don't. About 65% of American men aged 62—74 with a professional degree are in the workforce(劳动人口), compared with 32% of men who only finish high school. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated wealthy and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift(变化) will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling(渐增的) ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
Policies are partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap(获得) rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding(先前的) generation. Technological change may well reinforce(强化) that shift: the skills that complement(补充) computers, from management know-how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
1. What is the common phenomenon in the workforce in rich countries
A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C. People with no college degree cannot find any job.
D. Unemployment rates are decreasing year after year.
2. In view of the experience of the 20th century, many observers predict that _____.
A. economic growth will slow down
B. government budgets will decrease
C. more people will try to receive higher education
D. there will be more competition in the job market
3. According to the text, what is the result of policy changes in European countries
A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B. More and more people have to go abroad to hunt for jobs.
C. People may be able to use computers to do more complicated work.
D. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
4. The underlined word "know-how" in the last paragraph probably refers to "_____".
A. a completely different environment
B. practical knowledge and technical skills
C. a better understanding of policy changes
D. the courage to face difficulties and dangers
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What to Do when Someone Doesn't Like You
When someone tells me, "I don't care if people like me," they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.
As humans are social animals, all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connections, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from small hurt to depression. ①___________
The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself, "What am I feeling " ②___________ Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next.
③___________ When you sense yourself being shut out or feel defensive, ask yourself what the person actually means to do to you. Does he truly mean to offend you, or make fun of you Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.
When our brains sense a possible threat, we react if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to reduce the stress. ④___________
Finally, if you believe the person doesn't like you, ask yourself if this matters. ⑤___________ If not, what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person And, what can you do to stay neutral (中立的) and not return the dislike The more you can come to accept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of whether someone likes you or not.
A.If you can, look the person in his eyes.
B.Do you feel any fear or anger in your head
C.Ask yourself what is true about the situation.
D.Often people do not realize the impact of their words.
E.Will the person’s judgment of you impact your work or life
F.The ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.
G.This will help you relax and take you out of your trembling mind.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was woken by my dog barking in the early morning. I went outside to find a koala at the yard gate wanting to enter. It was the first time that I had 1 a koala in my neighborhood. What a welcome 2 !
I was wondering why he was here, as the koala 3 came down from the trees and didn't like walking, either. 4 , there was no eucalyptus (桉树)around. Was he hungry or lost Or maybe the bushfire across Kangaroo Island 5 him here
He just sat there, apparently in 6 , and looked at me, like saying "Please help me out of my suffering." At a(n) 7 look, I discovered a long cut at his back with blood, 8 of attacks or cuts of something sharp in some other way.
I rushed into my room and came out with some iodine (碘). It was not a 9 problem as I was a nurse. This poor soul seemed to 10 my kindness well when I 11 the cut with the liquid. It 12 me that he came to seek my 13 .
After the treatment, I watched the koala finally 14 in the wild, hoping he was able to 15 the hard times and live his life as he should.
1.A.grabbed B.encountered C.investigated D.raised
2.A.chance B.relief C.surprise D.message
3.A.frequently B.slightly C.mostly D.rarely
4.A.Therefore B.Instead C.However D.Moreover
5.A.pursued B.drove C.followed D.pushed
6.A.pain B.order C.comfort D.disappointment
7.A.quick B.close C.eager D.anxious
8.A.features B.symbols C.signs D.marks
9.A.crucial B.small C.distinct D.tricky
10.A.ignore B.answer C.understand D.repay
11.A.touched B.pressed C.tapped D.treated
12.A.appealed to B.referred to C.occurred to D.attended to
13.A.help B.advice C.approval D.fortune
14.A.exploring B.rushing C.jogging D.disappearing
15.A.experience B.survive C.escape D.value
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I am going to tell you ①_____ happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew ②_____ he was. We wondered ③_____ he was so hungry. We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted ④_____ the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked ⑤_____ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see ⑥_____ he took out of an envelope—a million pound bank note.
I asked Mr Clements ⑦_____ it was genuine. Mr Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought ⑧_____ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake.
⑨_____ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe ⑩_____ excited I was.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,下周四是你的英国朋友 William 17岁的生日。你了解到他很喜欢中国民间音乐,因此为他买了一张中国民间音乐的 CD 作为生日礼物。请给他写封信,内容要点如下:
1.预祝他生日快乐;
2.介绍生日礼物。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
David is a 22-year-old man. Not having received a college education, he found it difficult to find a job. He worked at a small company and wasn't paid well. He thought life was unfair and often complained.
One day, his boss asked him to go to his office. To his sadness, he was told he didn't need to come to work again.
That day, David didn't go straight back to the small apartment he shared with another man. He wanted to find a quiet place and sit there quietly for some time. Having lost his job, he had no idea what to do.
He walked and walked. Finally he stopped in front of a beautiful house. The house had a very big garden behind it. He saw an old man sitting in the garden.
"The old man must be a millionaire," thought David. "How I wish I were him! If I were him, I wouldn't have to work and I'd have a large amount of money. I would be the happiest man in the whole world.
Thinking how poor he was, David was even sadder. He hurriedly walked forward and found a place and sat there quietly.
Finally, he became hungry and decided to go back home. On his way back home, he passed the old man's house again. This time the man was sitting in his front yard. When David passed by him, he noticed that the old man was looking at him. The old man looked as if he admired him very much. David was confused. Why would such a rich man admire him He was so poor while he was so rich.
Finally, David decided to have a talk with the old man. So he stopped and walked to the old man.
"Hello," he said.
"Hello," said the old man.
Then they started talking. David told the old man he really admired him.
"You have such a beautiful house. You're so rich! How I wish I were you!" said David.
Hearing that, the old man smiled and said, " And I admire you, too! I wish I were you! If I were you, I'd still enjoy my youth. Now I'm so old. Wealth doesn't mean much to me!"
Paragraph 1 :
What the old man said struck David.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
David stopped complaining about his life.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DCC
解析：1.细节理解题。结合文章可知人们做副业是因为要赚钱、获得工作满足感和能灵活地工作，并未提及D选项“享受冒险的生活方式”。故选D。
2.推理判断题。第三段指出，根据亨利商学院的数据，大约四分之一的职工至少经营着一种副业，其中一半是在过去两年开始的。年龄在25到34岁之间的人最有可能参与，其中37%的人被认为经营着某种副业。据计算，一般从事的副业的人能通过第二份工作挣到他们收入的20%左右。由此可知，作者通过展示亨利商学院的研究结果解释了亨利商学院的研究。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对于做副业的态度是中立的。故选C。
B
答案：1-4.CDDA
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句 "Now, a blue-eyed robot, a human image, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task" 以及第二段内容可知,RAVE系统可以帮助父母提高婴儿的语言能力,故c项正确。
2.考查段落大意。根据第二段中的 "The learning process begins when the robot's camera... communicate with the baby" 可知,该段主要介绍了 RAVE 系统的工作原理。
3.考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容可知,在和 RAVE 系统交流之后,婴儿就会开始以类似于 ASL 的节奏移动他们的手,这说明婴儿在 RAVE 系统的帮助下正在学习。故选D。
4.考查观点态度。根据第四段中的"the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce a robot that can both sign and speak to babies" 可知,最初的反应是令人鼓舞的,因此研究人员计划推出下一个机器人。据此可知,研究人员认为这种系统是充满希望的,故A项“很有前途的,大有希望的”符合语境。
C
答案：1-4.DCBB
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的 "we may have to start looking around for a stronger type of animal" 和 "have declined in weight" 可知,puny 的意思是说驯鹿变得越来越痩小、虚弱,故答案为D。
2.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"But as summer temperatures increase by around 1. 5 °C , grass has become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by autumn and therefore to have more babies" 可知,气温的上升使得草更多产,结果让雌性驯鹿体重在改季越来越重,故答案为C。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容可知,在未来的40年里,世界上三分之一的北极熊可能会消失,故可推知气候变化对它们的影响更大,故答案为B。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章讲述了由于全球气候变化, 驯鹿受到了很大的影响。故答案为B。
D
答案：1-4 BADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句“In many developed countries, people who have high degrees begin to work longer than those who don't.”可知，在发达国家，受过良好教育的人的工作年限更长，故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“The experience of the 20th century…slower economic growth, while the swelling(渐增的) ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.”可知，选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句“Even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.”可知，欧洲国家政策的变化导致富有的人也必须工作更长时间才能过上舒服的退休生活，故选D项。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Technological change may well reinforce(强化） that shift: the skills that complement(补充） computers, from management know-how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.”可知， know-how是对skills的限定修饰，由此可推知， know-how指相应的技能和知识，故本题B项正确。
第二节
答案：FBCGE
解析：①根据上文可知你会有一些消极情绪。再结合下文中的 "The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction" 可知此处需要一个过渡,说明应对消极情绪需要学习一些技巧,故答案为F项。
②根据上文中的 "Ask yourself, 'What am I feeling '" 可知下文应是问的关于"feeling"的具体问题,故选B项,其与后面的 "Any betrayal(背叛)or embarrassment in your heart" 在结构上并列。
③本空在段首,应为本段的主旨句,从下文中的 "ask yourself what the person actually means to do to you" 可知,本段主要是建议我们认清现实情况。
④根据上文中的 "Take a breath to reduce the stress" 可知下文应说明这样做的好处在哪里,故G项符合文意。
⑤根据上文中的 "ask yourself if this matters" 以及下文中的 If not 可推知 E 项 "Will the person's judgment of you impact your work or life" 符合文意。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BCDDB; 6-10.ABCDC; 11-15.DCADB
解析：1.根据下文内容可知,这是作者第一次在他的街区里见到考拉。encounter表示“偶然碰到;意外地遇见;与…… 邂逅”。
2.根据上文中的 "It was the first time that I had... neighborhood" 以及下文中的 "I was wondering why he was here" 可知,在自己的街区里见到考拉让作者感到吃惊。
3.根据常识并结合 "didn't like walking, either" 可知,此处指考拉很少从树上下来。rarely “罕有,很少,不常”。
4.上文讲到考拉不喜欢走路,故本句中的 "there was no eucalyptus (桉树)around" 是考拉不可能出现在这儿的另一个原因,故选D。moreover “此外,而且”。
5.根据句中的 "the bushfire across Kangaroo Island" 可知,此处指作者推测可能是丛林大火迫使考拉来到这里。 drive “迫使,驱使”。
6.根据下文中的 "a long cut at his back with blood" 可知,这只考拉受伤了,故此处指考拉明显比较痛苦。
7.根据语境可知,此处指作者通过近距离的观察发现了考拉背部的伤口。
8.根据语境可知,此处表明考拉背部的伤口是受到攻击或者被某种锋利的东西所伤。sign表示“迹象,痕迹”。
9.根据句中的 "as I was a nurse" 可知,治疗受伤的考拉对于作者来说不是大问题。tricky “难办的;难对付的”,符合语境。crucial “至关重要的;关键性的”;distinct “明显的;有区别的”。
10.根据语境并结合下文中的 "that he came to seek my 13 " 可知,这只可怜的考拉似乎十分明白作者的善意。
11.根据下文中的 "After the treatment, I watched the koala finally 14 in the wild" 可知,此处指作者对考拉的伤口进行治疗。故选D项。
12.根据语境可知,此处指作者突然想到考拉过来是为了寻求救助。 It occurred to sb. that... 表示“某人突然想到……”。
13.参见上题解析。
14.根据语境可知,此处指作者注视着考拉消失在野外。故选D项。
15.作者给考拉治疗后,自然是希望它能活下去,故选B项。survive表示“幸存;幸免于难;艰难度过”。
第二节
答案： what; who; why; whether/ if; whether/ if; that; whether/ if; what; Why; how
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear William,
Happy birthday!①I know you'll turn 17 next Thursday, so I would like to express my best wishes to you.
②For the past days, I have been thinking what gift to buy for you, and then I remembered you're very fond of Chinese folk music. So I bought you a CD which includes 20 pieces of Chinese folk music. The music sounds well, such as Liang Zhu, Er-quan Spring and so on, which enjoys great fame all over the world. I really hope you'll like it.
Have a great time on your birthday!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
What the old man said struck David. He suddenly realized that wealth wouldn't really mean much if one was already so old. What the old man really wanted was what he still enjoyed his youth. It was the most valuable thing he had. He realized that he was still young and everything was possible for him. David looked at the old man again and this time he no longer admired him. He knew he still had chance to become rich. But the old man could never become young again.
Paragraph 2:
David stopped complaining about his life. Instead, he decided to make a change. Later he found work again. This time he worked hard and tried his best to learn new things in his free time. He even went to attend a course at a night school. Two years later, he found better work. And some years later, he started his own business. Finally, he became rich. But he knew that wealth wasn't the most important in his life. He wanted to live his life to its fullest.
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do you have a job If you do, you'll know the world of work can be tough, long hours, boring tasks and stress. But it can bring benefits too, such as a regular salary. Maybe that's why more of us are now taking on a side hustle—another name for a second job.
For some having two jobs is a necessity—a way to make ends meet and provide extra income. But it now seems that more people want to put their skills and passions into practice to make money. These tend to be entrepreneurial young people who want to work on their own projects alongside their main source of income.
According to Henley Business School, around one in four workers runs at least one side hustle business, half of which were started in the past two years. Those aged 25 to 34 are most likely to be involved, with 37 percent thought to run a sideline(副业) of some kind. It calculates that the average side hustler makes about 20 percent of their income through their second job.
But what's interesting is that many millennials(千禧一代) are turning their hand to new jobs not just for money and security. Research has found that almost three-quarters of people are following a passion or exploring a new challenge. Becci Mai Ford, who works some of the time for a telecommunications(电信) company to pay the bills, spends the rest of her time developing her craft company. She says going full-time is "not financially worth it right now but it fuels my creative soul and makes me happy".
Of course having a side hustle means you are self-employed, which can give you flexibility to work when you like, but it can be risky. You sometimes work on a zero-hour contract and may not get offered enough work. Or what was originally your passion may become more of a chore. However, this could be the best way to try out a new career or follow a passion while not giving up the day job.
1. Which of the following is NOT the reason for people to take on a side hustle
A. To make money. B. To obtain job satisfaction.
C. To have the flexibility to work. D. To enjoy a risky lifestyle.
2. How does the author explain the study from Henley Business School
A. By describing the process. B. By making a comparison.
C. By presenting research findings. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
3. What is the author's attitude towards having a second job
A. Critical. B. Indifferent. C. Neutral. D. Favorable.
B
Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most times the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases that is not possible due to parents' busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, a blue-eyed robot, a human image, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.
The Robot AVatar Thermal-Enhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by Laura-Ann Petitto, an educational neuroscientist. The learning process begins when the robot's camera, which is focused on the baby's face, notices tiny changes in his/her body temperature. This, combined with the baby's facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby's attention to a computer screen, on which a human image starts to communicate with the baby. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the image might respond, "Are you pointing to me " and follow that up with a nursery rhyme or fairy tale, all in American Sign Language (ASL). The "conversation" continues until the kid loses interest.
The researchers found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after communicating with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or signs, activates (激活) the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motion proves the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.
What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive(互动的) nature and real-time response to the baby's actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system's long-term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce a robot that can both sign and speak to babies.
1.What can the RAVE system help parents do
A.Improve babies' health condition. B.Take good care of babies.
C.Develop babies' language skills. D.Keep company with babies.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.How babies learn ASL effectively. B.How parents educate their babies.
C.How robots talk and read to babies. D.How the RAVE system works.
3.What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system
A.Interest in videos and TV shows. B.Changes in their body temperature.
C.Improvement in their natural language. D.Hand movements in a rhythm like ASL.
4.What do the researchers think of the RAVE system
A.Promising. B.Impractical. C.Satisfactory. D.Disappointing.
C
Dragging a sleigh loaded with enough presents for the world's children can be no easy skill. But, since ancient times, this duty has been performed by a team of beloved reindeer.
Soon, however, we may have to start looking around for a stronger type of animal, as new research shows the species is becoming increasingly puny. A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian islands, Svalbard, found the reindeer there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent.
The reduction in average body weight is being blamed on global warming. In the research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists have explained how upward temperatures are robbing female reindeer of nutrients during important periods of pregnancy.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of a year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures increase by around 1.5℃ , grass has become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by autumn and therefore to have more babies. However, winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when it settles on the snow. Reindeer can often access the poor food sources beneath the snow by clearing it away with their antlers (鹿角), but they cannot break through the hard ice. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to lose their babies or give birth to the much lighter young.
Despite the findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the effect of climate change than some other arctic species. Last week the scientists warned that a third of the world's polar bears could disappear in the next 40 years.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "puny" in Paragraph 2
A.Strong. B.Mature. C.Heavy. D.Weak.
2.Why do female reindeer become fat in autumn
A.The temperature is getting low. B.They give birth to more babies.
C.Grass grows well during the period. D.They often break through the hard ice.
3.What can we infer from the text
A.Climate change has little effect on reindeer.
B.Polar bears suffer more from climate change.
C.Reindeer have no trouble finding food in winter.
D.Polar bears will disappear totally in the near future.
4.What does the text mainly talk about
A.The duty of dragging a sleigh will not be carried out by reindeer.
B.Reindeer have decreased in weight owing to global warming.
C.Global warming contributes to more young reindeer.
D.Many arctic species are at the risk of dying out.
D
In many developed countries, people who have high degrees begin to work longer than those who don't. About 65% of American men aged 62—74 with a professional degree are in the workforce(劳动人口), compared with 32% of men who only finish high school. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated wealthy and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift(变化) will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling(渐增的) ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
Policies are partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap(获得) rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding(先前的) generation. Technological change may well reinforce(强化) that shift: the skills that complement(补充) computers, from management know-how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
1. What is the common phenomenon in the workforce in rich countries
A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C. People with no college degree cannot find any job.
D. Unemployment rates are decreasing year after year.
2. In view of the experience of the 20th century, many observers predict that _____.
A. economic growth will slow down
B. government budgets will decrease
C. more people will try to receive higher education
D. there will be more competition in the job market
3. According to the text, what is the result of policy changes in European countries
A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B. More and more people have to go abroad to hunt for jobs.
C. People may be able to use computers to do more complicated work.
D. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
4. The underlined word "know-how" in the last paragraph probably refers to "_____".
A. a completely different environment
B. practical knowledge and technical skills
C. a better understanding of policy changes
D. the courage to face difficulties and dangers
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What to Do when Someone Doesn't Like You
When someone tells me, "I don't care if people like me," they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.
As humans are social animals, all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connections, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from small hurt to depression. ①___________
The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself, "What am I feeling " ②___________ Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next.
③___________ When you sense yourself being shut out or feel defensive, ask yourself what the person actually means to do to you. Does he truly mean to offend you, or make fun of you Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.
When our brains sense a possible threat, we react if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to reduce the stress. ④___________
Finally, if you believe the person doesn't like you, ask yourself if this matters. ⑤___________ If not, what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person And, what can you do to stay neutral (中立的) and not return the dislike The more you can come to accept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of whether someone likes you or not.
A.If you can, look the person in his eyes.
B.Do you feel any fear or anger in your head
C.Ask yourself what is true about the situation.
D.Often people do not realize the impact of their words.
E.Will the person’s judgment of you impact your work or life
F.The ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.
G.This will help you relax and take you out of your trembling mind.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was woken by my dog barking in the early morning. I went outside to find a koala at the yard gate wanting to enter. It was the first time that I had 1 a koala in my neighborhood. What a welcome 2 !
I was wondering why he was here, as the koala 3 came down from the trees and didn't like walking, either. 4 , there was no eucalyptus (桉树)around. Was he hungry or lost Or maybe the bushfire across Kangaroo Island 5 him here
He just sat there, apparently in 6 , and looked at me, like saying "Please help me out of my suffering." At a(n) 7 look, I discovered a long cut at his back with blood, 8 of attacks or cuts of something sharp in some other way.
I rushed into my room and came out with some iodine (碘). It was not a 9 problem as I was a nurse. This poor soul seemed to 10 my kindness well when I 11 the cut with the liquid. It 12 me that he came to seek my 13 .
After the treatment, I watched the koala finally 14 in the wild, hoping he was able to 15 the hard times and live his life as he should.
1.A.grabbed B.encountered C.investigated D.raised
2.A.chance B.relief C.surprise D.message
3.A.frequently B.slightly C.mostly D.rarely
4.A.Therefore B.Instead C.However D.Moreover
5.A.pursued B.drove C.followed D.pushed
6.A.pain B.order C.comfort D.disappointment
7.A.quick B.close C.eager D.anxious
8.A.features B.symbols C.signs D.marks
9.A.crucial B.small C.distinct D.tricky
10.A.ignore B.answer C.understand D.repay
11.A.touched B.pressed C.tapped D.treated
12.A.appealed to B.referred to C.occurred to D.attended to
13.A.help B.advice C.approval D.fortune
14.A.exploring B.rushing C.jogging D.disappearing
15.A.experience B.survive C.escape D.value
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I am going to tell you ①_____ happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew ②_____ he was. We wondered ③_____ he was so hungry. We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted ④_____ the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked ⑤_____ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see ⑥_____ he took out of an envelope—a million pound bank note.
I asked Mr Clements ⑦_____ it was genuine. Mr Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought ⑧_____ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake.
⑨_____ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe ⑩_____ excited I was.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,下周四是你的英国朋友 William 17岁的生日。你了解到他很喜欢中国民间音乐,因此为他买了一张中国民间音乐的 CD 作为生日礼物。请给他写封信,内容要点如下:
1.预祝他生日快乐;
2.介绍生日礼物。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
David is a 22-year-old man. Not having received a college education, he found it difficult to find a job. He worked at a small company and wasn't paid well. He thought life was unfair and often complained.
One day, his boss asked him to go to his office. To his sadness, he was told he didn't need to come to work again.
That day, David didn't go straight back to the small apartment he shared with another man. He wanted to find a quiet place and sit there quietly for some time. Having lost his job, he had no idea what to do.
He walked and walked. Finally he stopped in front of a beautiful house. The house had a very big garden behind it. He saw an old man sitting in the garden.
"The old man must be a millionaire," thought David. "How I wish I were him! If I were him, I wouldn't have to work and I'd have a large amount of money. I would be the happiest man in the whole world.
Thinking how poor he was, David was even sadder. He hurriedly walked forward and found a place and sat there quietly.
Finally, he became hungry and decided to go back home. On his way back home, he passed the old man's house again. This time the man was sitting in his front yard. When David passed by him, he noticed that the old man was looking at him. The old man looked as if he admired him very much. David was confused. Why would such a rich man admire him He was so poor while he was so rich.
Finally, David decided to have a talk with the old man. So he stopped and walked to the old man.
"Hello," he said.
"Hello," said the old man.
Then they started talking. David told the old man he really admired him.
"You have such a beautiful house. You're so rich! How I wish I were you!" said David.
Hearing that, the old man smiled and said, " And I admire you, too! I wish I were you! If I were you, I'd still enjoy my youth. Now I'm so old. Wealth doesn't mean much to me!"
Paragraph 1 :
What the old man said struck David.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
David stopped complaining about his life.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DCC
解析：1.细节理解题。结合文章可知人们做副业是因为要赚钱、获得工作满足感和能灵活地工作，并未提及D选项“享受冒险的生活方式”。故选D。
2.推理判断题。第三段指出，根据亨利商学院的数据，大约四分之一的职工至少经营着一种副业，其中一半是在过去两年开始的。年龄在25到34岁之间的人最有可能参与，其中37%的人被认为经营着某种副业。据计算，一般从事的副业的人能通过第二份工作挣到他们收入的20%左右。由此可知，作者通过展示亨利商学院的研究结果解释了亨利商学院的研究。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对于做副业的态度是中立的。故选C。
B
答案：1-4.CDDA
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句 "Now, a blue-eyed robot, a human image, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task" 以及第二段内容可知,RAVE系统可以帮助父母提高婴儿的语言能力,故c项正确。
2.考查段落大意。根据第二段中的 "The learning process begins when the robot's camera... communicate with the baby" 可知,该段主要介绍了 RAVE 系统的工作原理。
3.考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容可知,在和 RAVE 系统交流之后,婴儿就会开始以类似于 ASL 的节奏移动他们的手,这说明婴儿在 RAVE 系统的帮助下正在学习。故选D。
4.考查观点态度。根据第四段中的"the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce a robot that can both sign and speak to babies" 可知,最初的反应是令人鼓舞的,因此研究人员计划推出下一个机器人。据此可知,研究人员认为这种系统是充满希望的,故A项“很有前途的,大有希望的”符合语境。
C
答案：1-4.DCBB
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的 "we may have to start looking around for a stronger type of animal" 和 "have declined in weight" 可知,puny 的意思是说驯鹿变得越来越痩小、虚弱,故答案为D。
2.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"But as summer temperatures increase by around 1. 5 °C , grass has become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by autumn and therefore to have more babies" 可知,气温的上升使得草更多产,结果让雌性驯鹿体重在改季越来越重,故答案为C。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容可知,在未来的40年里,世界上三分之一的北极熊可能会消失,故可推知气候变化对它们的影响更大,故答案为B。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章讲述了由于全球气候变化, 驯鹿受到了很大的影响。故答案为B。
D
答案：1-4 BADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句“In many developed countries, people who have high degrees begin to work longer than those who don't.”可知，在发达国家，受过良好教育的人的工作年限更长，故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“The experience of the 20th century…slower economic growth, while the swelling(渐增的) ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.”可知，选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句“Even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.”可知，欧洲国家政策的变化导致富有的人也必须工作更长时间才能过上舒服的退休生活，故选D项。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Technological change may well reinforce(强化） that shift: the skills that complement(补充） computers, from management know-how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.”可知， know-how是对skills的限定修饰，由此可推知， know-how指相应的技能和知识，故本题B项正确。
第二节
答案：FBCGE
解析：①根据上文可知你会有一些消极情绪。再结合下文中的 "The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction" 可知此处需要一个过渡,说明应对消极情绪需要学习一些技巧,故答案为F项。
②根据上文中的 "Ask yourself, 'What am I feeling '" 可知下文应是问的关于"feeling"的具体问题,故选B项,其与后面的 "Any betrayal(背叛)or embarrassment in your heart" 在结构上并列。
③本空在段首,应为本段的主旨句,从下文中的 "ask yourself what the person actually means to do to you" 可知,本段主要是建议我们认清现实情况。
④根据上文中的 "Take a breath to reduce the stress" 可知下文应说明这样做的好处在哪里,故G项符合文意。
⑤根据上文中的 "ask yourself if this matters" 以及下文中的 If not 可推知 E 项 "Will the person's judgment of you impact your work or life" 符合文意。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BCDDB; 6-10.ABCDC; 11-15.DCADB
解析：1.根据下文内容可知,这是作者第一次在他的街区里见到考拉。encounter表示“偶然碰到;意外地遇见;与…… 邂逅”。
2.根据上文中的 "It was the first time that I had... neighborhood" 以及下文中的 "I was wondering why he was here" 可知,在自己的街区里见到考拉让作者感到吃惊。
3.根据常识并结合 "didn't like walking, either" 可知,此处指考拉很少从树上下来。rarely “罕有,很少,不常”。
4.上文讲到考拉不喜欢走路,故本句中的 "there was no eucalyptus (桉树)around" 是考拉不可能出现在这儿的另一个原因,故选D。moreover “此外,而且”。
5.根据句中的 "the bushfire across Kangaroo Island" 可知,此处指作者推测可能是丛林大火迫使考拉来到这里。 drive “迫使,驱使”。
6.根据下文中的 "a long cut at his back with blood" 可知,这只考拉受伤了,故此处指考拉明显比较痛苦。
7.根据语境可知,此处指作者通过近距离的观察发现了考拉背部的伤口。
8.根据语境可知,此处表明考拉背部的伤口是受到攻击或者被某种锋利的东西所伤。sign表示“迹象,痕迹”。
9.根据句中的 "as I was a nurse" 可知,治疗受伤的考拉对于作者来说不是大问题。tricky “难办的;难对付的”,符合语境。crucial “至关重要的;关键性的”;distinct “明显的;有区别的”。
10.根据语境并结合下文中的 "that he came to seek my 13 " 可知,这只可怜的考拉似乎十分明白作者的善意。
11.根据下文中的 "After the treatment, I watched the koala finally 14 in the wild" 可知,此处指作者对考拉的伤口进行治疗。故选D项。
12.根据语境可知,此处指作者突然想到考拉过来是为了寻求救助。 It occurred to sb. that... 表示“某人突然想到……”。
13.参见上题解析。
14.根据语境可知,此处指作者注视着考拉消失在野外。故选D项。
15.作者给考拉治疗后,自然是希望它能活下去,故选B项。survive表示“幸存;幸免于难;艰难度过”。
第二节
答案： what; who; why; whether/ if; whether/ if; that; whether/ if; what; Why; how
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear William,
Happy birthday!①I know you'll turn 17 next Thursday, so I would like to express my best wishes to you.
②For the past days, I have been thinking what gift to buy for you, and then I remembered you're very fond of Chinese folk music. So I bought you a CD which includes 20 pieces of Chinese folk music. The music sounds well, such as Liang Zhu, Er-quan Spring and so on, which enjoys great fame all over the world. I really hope you'll like it.
Have a great time on your birthday!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
What the old man said struck David. He suddenly realized that wealth wouldn't really mean much if one was already so old. What the old man really wanted was what he still enjoyed his youth. It was the most valuable thing he had. He realized that he was still young and everything was possible for him. David looked at the old man again and this time he no longer admired him. He knew he still had chance to become rich. But the old man could never become young again.
Paragraph 2:
David stopped complaining about his life. Instead, he decided to make a change. Later he found work again. This time he worked hard and tried his best to learn new things in his free time. He even went to attend a course at a night school. Two years later, he found better work. And some years later, he started his own business. Finally, he became rich. But he knew that wealth wasn't the most important in his life. He wanted to live his life to its fullest.