北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit 9 Human Biology单元测试（含答案）
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| 名称 | 北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit 9 Human Biology单元测试（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-09-12 22:41:54 | ||
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Unit 9 Human Biology 基础夯实—2022-2023学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册单元测试
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps(小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease.
Many working people have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap — even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
1.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text
A.They eat too much for lunch. B.They sleep too little at night.
C.Their body temperature becomes lower. D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.
2.If you get up at 6 :30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap
A.About 2:30 pm. B.About 1:30 pm. C.About 12:30 pm. D.About 3:30 pm.
3.What would be the best title for the text
A.Just for a Rest B.All for a Nap
C.A Special Sleep Pattern D.Taking Naps in Warmer Climates
B
HANGZHOU — A human blood protein has been found to be associated with the H7N9 death rate, according to a study by Chinese medical scientists.
The study, published in Nature Communications on May 13, showed that blood plasma levels of angiotensin Ⅱ are higher in H7N9 patients and could be used to predict their physical worsening.
Angiotensin Ⅱ is a human protein contained in plasma, the vascular(血管的) wall, heart and kidney to regulate blood pressure. It is closely linked to serious lung injury. H7N9 patients with higher levels of angiotensin Ⅱ carry more viral load (病毒载量), said Li Lanjuan, researcher at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a specialist in H7N9 prevention. "It is particularly obvious in the second week of human infection. The angiotensin Ⅱ level of patients in critical condition keeps going up, while that of mild cases tends to drop," Li said.
Li added the new finding could help in clinical practice. Medical personnel could adopt more effective and reliable treatment measures for patients suffering different conditions. "This study will provide a new perspective to H7N9 pathology (病理学) and potential treatment for future cases," said Ed Gerstner, executive editor of Nature Communications.
The study was led by researchers of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. They collected plasma from 47 H7N9 patients in cities of Hangzhou, Shanghai and Nanjing and analyzed the connection between angiotensin Ⅱ and viral load.
H7N9 was first reported in China in March 2013. The virus causes severe disease in humans, including acute and often fatal breathing failure. The country has reported more than 200 human H7N9 cases.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.Chinese scientists found a human blood protein associated with the H7N9 death rate.
B.Chinese scientists have made a new medical discovery.
C.A new perspective to H7N9 pathology provided by a medical study.
D.A report of H7N9 death rate.
2.The underlined word "critical" in the third paragraph most likely means __________.
A.unimportant B.mistaken C.urgent D.successful
3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true
A.H7N9 patients with higher levels of angiotensin Ⅱ carry more viral load.
B.Angiotensin Ⅱ is a human protein to regulate blood pressure.
C.H7N9 vims may cause human breathing failure.
D.The researchers collected plasma from 47 H7N9 patients in the city of Hangzhou and made the discovery.
4.You can probably find this article in _________.
A.a booklet B.a newspaper C.a guide book D.an advertisement
C
Which do you think is the best way to keep healthy
With the development of society, people no longer worry about where their next meals come from as they did in the old days. They become more and more concerned about their health problems. Different people come up with different views: eating green food, doing outdoor exercise or going to hospital for medical treatment frequently. As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology (心理).
According to some surveys, nowadays, most patients are not physically sick but mentally(精神上) ill. They feel the burden on their shoulders is much heavier than others, so they can't step out of the shadow of depression and sadness. They need to release their spirit to the nature.
Besides, if you have developed a good quality of psychology, you'll become more sociable and thus more willing to do your part in society. Joining some keep-fit clubs or tour groups, which are various versions of physical exercise, will benefit you a lot.
As a poem says, youth is not a period of time; it's a state of mind. Everybody wants to keep young at heart because youth is a symbol for endless energy and passion for living.
Keep a good quality of mind, or keep a sense of humour, even if you are 80 years old, and you'll never be old.
1.According to the passage, in the old days, what people cared about might be _________.
A.food B.exercising C.clothing D.health
2.According to the writer, the best way to keep healthy is to ________.
A.have meals regularly B.do outdoor exercise
C.go to hospital frequently D.keep psychological health
3.The most probable reason for patients being mentally ill might be ________.
A.burden B.anger C.difficulty D.desire
4.The best way to develop a good quality of psychology might be ________.
A.undertaking social responsibility B.talking with people frequently
C.asking an expert for advice D.taking physical exercise
D
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief —they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别) are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart. " Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
1.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A.They're unfair. B.They're conservative.
C.They're objective. D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A.They think themselves smart. B.They look up to great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
3.Why are more geniuses known to the public
A.Improved global communication. B.Less discrimination against women.
C.Acceptance of victors' concepts. D.Changes in people's social positions.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Geniuses Think Alike B.Genius Takes Many Forms
C.Genius and Intelligence D.Genius and Luck
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all know that men and women have their differences. But do they really think differently ①_________ In my opinion, men and women still behave in the same way that they were designed to centuries ago. We have different interests, different ways of speaking, of showing how we feel, and of coping with stressful situations.
②_________ This can have a negative effect on our relationships. We often become angry or frustrated with the opposite sex because we expect them to behave and communicate like we do. So why does a man behave as he does Evidence suggests that men were programmed with the instinct to hunt silently for animals. They had to be able to focus their attention on one thing. ③_________ And also why he's so good at reading maps and giving directions.
Women, on the other hand, are usually very good at doing several jobs at once. ④_________ In the past, women often worked in groups, which required a lot of communication, so they're generally more talkative and sensitive to other people's feelings.
Men and women seem to think differently too. Women usually score higher in writing tests. Men are seven times more likely to score in the top 5% in scientific exams. They're often talented at problem-solving and making quick decisions. ⑤_________
A. Women, by contrast, are good at organizing, comforting and giving advice.
B. It is true, nevertheless, that men and women often respond differently to the same situation.
C. Some people might argue that they don't, but I disagree.
D. They also need far more time to complete tasks that require strength or stamina (耐力) .
E. In today's society, where the sexes are considered to be equal, we sometimes forget how different we are.
F. This can also be explained by history, I believe.
G. This might explain why it's so difficult to have a conversation with a man when he's watching TV.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If you examine the birth certificate of every soccer player in the last World Cup tournament, you will most likely find the excellent players were born in the earlier months of the year. If you then examine the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you will find this phenomenon even more 1 .
What might account for this strange phenomenon Some guess a certain astrological sign (星座) 2 superior soccer skills; others maintain that winter-born babies have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. But Anderson Ericsson, a 58-year-old professor who is called the expert on experts, believes in neither. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved 3 training a person to hear and repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject after 20 hours of training, his digital span rose to 20," Ericsson recalls, "and after about 200 hours of training he could repeat up to 80 numbers."
This success, coupled with later research showing memory itself is not 4 determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is a cognitive exercise, which means whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are 5 by how well each person encodes the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as 6 practice. It involves more than simply repeating a task, 7 , playing a C-minor scale 100 times or hitting tennis serves until your shoulder pops out of its socket. 8 it involves stepping outside your comfort zone, setting specific and well-defined goals, focusing on 9 areas of expertise, obtaining immediate feedback from professionals and concentrating as much on technique as
on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying high achievers in a wide range of 10 including soccer, golf, chess, piano playing and darts. They gather all the data they can and make a rather shocking statement: the trait we commonly call talent is highly 11 . And yes, expert performers are nearly always made.
Ericsson's formula seems appealing to many tiger parents: "practice makes perfect" is naturally 12 to genetic determinism. By 13 innate ability as insignificant, many are confident they can make a concert-level pianist or an Olympic figure skater of their kids as long as they push them hard enough. Ericsson, 14 believes what parents should learn from the science of expertise is not the effect of logging thousands of hours, but how to get kids to 15 the importance and challenge of effective practice.
1.A.understandable B.misleading C.appealing D.noticeable
2.A.promises B.improves C.compromises D.masters
3.A.numbers B.subjects C.memory D.practice
4.A.physically B.genetically C.fundamentally D.psychologically
5.A.overshadowed B.demonstrated C.strengthened D.produced
6.A.enormous B.deliberate C.desperate D.persistent
7.A.on average B.more importantly C.for instance D.in particular
8.A.Besides B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Rather
9.A.various B.comprehensive C.targeted D.minor
10.A.pursuits B.occupations C.performances D.assumptions
11.A.underrated B.overrated C.flexible D.demanding
12.A.equal B.inferior C.preferable D.beneficial
13.A.dismissing B.lacking C.recognizing D.highlighting
14.A.likewise B.therefore C.besides D.however
15.A.study B.practice C.reflect D.embrace
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antonie was an amateur scientist from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes ①_________ he'd built some of his own. One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog ②_________ (draw) his attention to a puddle.
Antonie collected a drop of puddle water and put it ③_________ his microscope. He was amazed ④_________ (see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop— tiny beings no one had ever seen before.
These tiny beings, called microbes, are everywhere; in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. People ⑤_________ (cover) in them, too. ⑥_________ you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body, you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people—over 6 billion!
Microbes can't survive on ⑦_________ (they) own. They need food. After ⑧_________ (settle) into a home—you, for instance—they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. ⑨_________ (lucky) for you, there are more ⑩_________ (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Emily来信说她非常喜欢中国的民族舞，并打算最近来中国学习民族舞，想请你帮她推荐一位舞蹈老师。请你根据以下要点给她写一封信，推荐一位老师。要点：
1. 介绍你所推荐的老师；
2. 推荐该老师的原因；
3. 祝愿她拜师成功。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Emily,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A friend of mine whose name was John Smith had a bad memory, which made him famous. He was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence. His wife had to constantly remind him about his meetings, his classes—even his meals! Once he forgot he had eaten breakfast twice, at home and at school. His wife liked to remind her neighbors, "If John didn't have his head tied on, he would forget that too!" Since Smith was a professor at a well-known university, his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment to him. It wasn't that he was not clever, as some critical people tended to say, but just very very absent-minded.
One hot summer day, Professor Smith decided to take his children to a seaside town about a three-hour train ride away. To make the trip more interesting for his young children , he kept the name of the town a secret. However, by the time they arrived at the station, Smith forgot the name of the town he was planning to visit. Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station. He offered to take care of the children while Smith hurried back home to find out where he was going.
The professor's wife was surprised to see him again so soon.
"Oh, my dear, I forgot the name of the town."
"What You forgot the name Maybe one day you will forget my name! Now I'll write the name of that town on a piece of paper, and you put it in your pocket and please, please don't forget where you put it."
Satisfied that she had solved the problem, she sent her husband off again. Ten minutes later she was astonished to see him outside the house for the third time.
Paragraph 1:
"What is the matter now " asked his wife.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
Hearing the cry, out rushed their neighbors, trying to I find out what had happened. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.CAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down."可知选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.可知选A项。
3.标题归纳题。根据全文内容以及最后一段中的"If you do not have enough time, try a short nap-even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful."可知选 B项。
B
答案：1-4.ACDB
解析：1.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是中国科学家发现了一种人体血浆蛋白与H7N9病死率有关,故选A项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的"in critical condition keeps going up, while that of mild cases tends to drop"可知,critical condition与mild cases进行对比,故critical与mild意思应该相反,表示"危急的",故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知D项错误,故选D项。
4.文章出处题。a booklet一本小册子;a newspaper一份报纸;a guide book一本旅行指南;an advertisement一则广告。根据文章内容可知本文是一则关于医学研究发现的新闻报道,应该可以在报纸上找到,故选B项。
C
答案：1-4.ADAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"With the development of society, people no longer worry about where their next meals come from as they did in the old days."可知,过去人们担心的是食物,故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段末的"As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology."可知选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"... but mentally ill. They feel the burden on their shoulders is much heavier than others..."可知选A项。
4.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Joining some keep-fit clubs or tour groups, which are various versions of physical exercise, will benefit you a lot."可知选D项。
D
答案：1-4.ADAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others."可推知,作者认为那些"胜利者"为进入"天才俱乐部"设置的标准是不公平的,因为俱乐部外的女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的贡献是得不到承认的。故选A项。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are 'really, really smart.'"可推知,女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响,认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做"聪明孩子"做的事情。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear."可知,进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A项。
4.标题判断题。根据文章的主要内容,结合文章第一段提出问题"Who is a genius "以及最后一段中的"As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with 'intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.'"可知,天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人,他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项(天才有多种形式)可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。
第二节
答案：CEGFA
解析：本文为一篇说明文。一些人认为男女的思维方式是一样的,但作者持有不同的观点。
①根据空前一句和空后的关键信息"In my opinion可知,空处用于引出作者的观点,故选C项。
②根据下文可知,我们通常会对异性生气或失望,因为我们希望他们和我们一样,因此对我们的关系有负面影响的是我们有时会忘记异性与我们有多么不同,故选E项。
③根据空后的"And also why"可知,空处也应是解释原因,G项中的"This might explain why"与之对应,其中的"This"指代前一句中提到的内容,故选G项。
④根据本段第一句可知,本段主要介绍女性通常很擅长同时做几项工作。空后的"In the past"和F项中的"by history"相对应,故选F项。
⑤根据本段第一句可知,本段主要讲述男性和女性在思维方面的不同,而空前两句介绍了男性的思维方式,空处应是介绍女性的思维方式,故选A项。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DACBA; 6-10.BCDCA; 11-15.BCADD
解析：1.understandable可理解的;misleading误导的;appealing有吸引力的;noticeable明显的。上文说"如果你调查上一届世界杯所有足球运动员的出生证明,你有可能会发现……"可知"如果你接着调查为世界杯和职业联赛输送人才的欧洲国家青年队、你会发现这种现象甚至更明显(noticeable)",上下文两句进行对比之后更明显。故选D项。
2.promise使很可能,预示;improve提高,改进;compromise妥协;master掌握。根据语境可知,此处是指某个星座预示(promises)某人可能具备更高的足球技能。故选A项。
3.number数字;subject主题;memory记忆;practice练习。根据后面的"training a person to hear and repeat a random series of numbers"以及"This success, coupled with later research showing memory itself"可知,实验涉及的是记忆训练(memory training)。故选 C项。
4.physically身体上;genetically 遗传上;fundamentally基本上;psychologically心理上。根据后面的"the act of memorizing is a cognitive exercise, which means whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences"可知,记忆过程是一种认知练习,这不是由遗传(genetically)决定的。故选B项。
5.overshadow掩盖,遮蔽;demonstrate描述,显示;strengthen加强,强化;produce生产。根据上下文的内容可知此处表示这些差异会被每个人对信息进行编码有多好所掩盖(overshadow)。故选A项。
6.enormous巨大的;deliberate故意的;desperate沮丧的;persistent执着的,不屈不挠的。根据后面的"It involves more than simply repeating a task"可知,这里涉及反复的背诵,背诵就是蓄意的、故意的(deliberate)。故选B项。
7.on average平均;more importantly更重要的是;for instance例如;in particular尤其,特别。后面的100次弹奏就是一个事例。故选C项。
8.besides陈……之外(还);nevertheless尽管如此,不过;therefore因此;rather(纠正所说的话或提供更确切的信息)更确切地讲,更准确地说。根据前面的"involves more than simply repeating a task..."可知,涉及的不仅仅是单纯的重复,下面提供更确切的信息,即更确切地说(rather)。故选D项。
9.various各种不同的;comprehensive综合性的,全面的;targeted有针对性的;minor次要的,较小的。根据空前空后的"specific and well-defined goals" "areas of expertise"可知,本空指应该是有针对性的(targeted)。故选C项。
10.pursuit事业,爱好(花费时间和精力去做的事);occupation职业,消遣(用来打发时间的事);performance表现;assumption假设。根据后面的宾语可知,此处是在各种各样的爱好(pursuits)中取得高成就的人。故选A项。
11.underrated被低估了的;overrated被高估的;flexible灵活的;demanding要求高的。根据后面一句中的"expert performers are nearly always made"可知,"专家级的表演者都是后天练就的"可推断出"天赋被高估了(overrated)",故选B项。
12.equal平等的;inferior较低的;preferable更可取的;beneficial有益的。对于想培养好孩子的父母来说,自己的孩子不够聪明,通过后面的训练可以实现,"熟成生巧"这一点自然比基因决定论更受欢迎。即这一点对"虎爸虎妈"来说是更可取的(preferable)。故选C项。
13.dismiss摒弃,对……不屑一提;lack缺乏;recognize意识到;highlight强调。他们认为只要努力就能把孩子培养好,所以他们对于先天的能力不重视,即不屑一提(dismissing)。故选A项。
14.likewise同样地,类似地;therefore因此;besides除……之外(还);however然而。根据本空前后的句子可知,此处是指转折关系,要用however。故选D项。
15.study研究;practice练习;reflect反思;embrace拥抱,欣然接受,乐意采纳(思想、建议等)。根据语境可知,此处表示如何让孩子们欣然接受有效的实践的重要性和挑战性。故选D项。
第二节
答案：that; drew; under; to see; are covered; If; their; settling; Luckily; helpful
解析：本文是一篇说明文,通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物的故事引出话题,指出微生物无处不在,但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。
①考查连词。安东尼是一个来自荷兰的业余科学家,他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了一些。根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。
②考查动词时态。在一个雨天,他散步的时候,一个跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。根据"One rainy day"可知,本句应用一般过去时,故填drew。
③考查介词。安东尼收集了一滴水坑里的水,并把它放在他的显微镜下。根据常识可知,要把物体放到显微镜下面观察,故应用介词under(在……下面)。
④考查不定式。他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。be amazed to do sth.为固定用法,意为"吃惊地做某事"。
⑤考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处讲述客观事实,应用一般现在时;本句中的cover和主语People 之间是被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are covered。
⑥考查连词。如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物,你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿!根据语境可知,本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。
⑦考查代词。on one's own为固定用法,意为"单独地,独自地"。
⑧考查动名词。在宿主——比如你——体内定居后,它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质,留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词After后要用动名词形式,故本空应填settling。
⑨考查副词。对你来说幸运的是,比起有害的微生物,有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首,修饰整个句子。
⑩考查形容词。根据语境可知,本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes,故应填形容词helpful。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Emily,
Glad to hear that you are going to learn Chinese folk dance in China. I'm more than happy to recommend an excellent teacher Miss Chen to you.
Miss Chen is the best dance teacher in our school. You know, I love folk dance. I used to watch Miss Chen's performances of Chinese folk dance, which really impressed me. And I have seen almost all of her performances in our school. Her peacock dance is wonderful. She has helped many students who want to learn folk dance, including me. Besides this, Miss Chen is patient and enthusiastic about teaching. I believe you will achieve a lot with her help.
I sincerely wish you good luck to be Miss Chen's student.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
"What is the matter now " asked his wife. "I just can't remember why I come back and where I am supposed to be going on such a hot summer day," replied the professor. However, the real reason was that he forgot where he had left his children. Sensing something wrong, Mrs Smith didn't believe his words, because whenever he told a lie, he would usually blink his eyes quickly. "Tell me the truth," ordered his wife. "As you told me, I didn't forget where I put the name of that town, but I forgot the station where I left our children!" whispered the professor, his voice trembling. "What a bad memory!" shouted the wife.
Paragraph 2:
Hearing the cry, out rushed their neighbors, trying to find out what had happened. A fight between the couple was about to start when the professor's cell phone began to ring. His friend, whose patience had worn thin, phoned to complain. The professor apologized, got into his car and drove away, leaving behind a bunch of people outside the house. Being afraid that he would make matters worse again, Mrs Smith decided to follow him, who then called a taxi. By the time she caught up with her husband, the children were already back home safe and sound.
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps(小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease.
Many working people have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap — even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
1.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text
A.They eat too much for lunch. B.They sleep too little at night.
C.Their body temperature becomes lower. D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.
2.If you get up at 6 :30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap
A.About 2:30 pm. B.About 1:30 pm. C.About 12:30 pm. D.About 3:30 pm.
3.What would be the best title for the text
A.Just for a Rest B.All for a Nap
C.A Special Sleep Pattern D.Taking Naps in Warmer Climates
B
HANGZHOU — A human blood protein has been found to be associated with the H7N9 death rate, according to a study by Chinese medical scientists.
The study, published in Nature Communications on May 13, showed that blood plasma levels of angiotensin Ⅱ are higher in H7N9 patients and could be used to predict their physical worsening.
Angiotensin Ⅱ is a human protein contained in plasma, the vascular(血管的) wall, heart and kidney to regulate blood pressure. It is closely linked to serious lung injury. H7N9 patients with higher levels of angiotensin Ⅱ carry more viral load (病毒载量), said Li Lanjuan, researcher at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a specialist in H7N9 prevention. "It is particularly obvious in the second week of human infection. The angiotensin Ⅱ level of patients in critical condition keeps going up, while that of mild cases tends to drop," Li said.
Li added the new finding could help in clinical practice. Medical personnel could adopt more effective and reliable treatment measures for patients suffering different conditions. "This study will provide a new perspective to H7N9 pathology (病理学) and potential treatment for future cases," said Ed Gerstner, executive editor of Nature Communications.
The study was led by researchers of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. They collected plasma from 47 H7N9 patients in cities of Hangzhou, Shanghai and Nanjing and analyzed the connection between angiotensin Ⅱ and viral load.
H7N9 was first reported in China in March 2013. The virus causes severe disease in humans, including acute and often fatal breathing failure. The country has reported more than 200 human H7N9 cases.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.Chinese scientists found a human blood protein associated with the H7N9 death rate.
B.Chinese scientists have made a new medical discovery.
C.A new perspective to H7N9 pathology provided by a medical study.
D.A report of H7N9 death rate.
2.The underlined word "critical" in the third paragraph most likely means __________.
A.unimportant B.mistaken C.urgent D.successful
3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true
A.H7N9 patients with higher levels of angiotensin Ⅱ carry more viral load.
B.Angiotensin Ⅱ is a human protein to regulate blood pressure.
C.H7N9 vims may cause human breathing failure.
D.The researchers collected plasma from 47 H7N9 patients in the city of Hangzhou and made the discovery.
4.You can probably find this article in _________.
A.a booklet B.a newspaper C.a guide book D.an advertisement
C
Which do you think is the best way to keep healthy
With the development of society, people no longer worry about where their next meals come from as they did in the old days. They become more and more concerned about their health problems. Different people come up with different views: eating green food, doing outdoor exercise or going to hospital for medical treatment frequently. As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology (心理).
According to some surveys, nowadays, most patients are not physically sick but mentally(精神上) ill. They feel the burden on their shoulders is much heavier than others, so they can't step out of the shadow of depression and sadness. They need to release their spirit to the nature.
Besides, if you have developed a good quality of psychology, you'll become more sociable and thus more willing to do your part in society. Joining some keep-fit clubs or tour groups, which are various versions of physical exercise, will benefit you a lot.
As a poem says, youth is not a period of time; it's a state of mind. Everybody wants to keep young at heart because youth is a symbol for endless energy and passion for living.
Keep a good quality of mind, or keep a sense of humour, even if you are 80 years old, and you'll never be old.
1.According to the passage, in the old days, what people cared about might be _________.
A.food B.exercising C.clothing D.health
2.According to the writer, the best way to keep healthy is to ________.
A.have meals regularly B.do outdoor exercise
C.go to hospital frequently D.keep psychological health
3.The most probable reason for patients being mentally ill might be ________.
A.burden B.anger C.difficulty D.desire
4.The best way to develop a good quality of psychology might be ________.
A.undertaking social responsibility B.talking with people frequently
C.asking an expert for advice D.taking physical exercise
D
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief —they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别) are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart. " Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
1.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A.They're unfair. B.They're conservative.
C.They're objective. D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A.They think themselves smart. B.They look up to great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
3.Why are more geniuses known to the public
A.Improved global communication. B.Less discrimination against women.
C.Acceptance of victors' concepts. D.Changes in people's social positions.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Geniuses Think Alike B.Genius Takes Many Forms
C.Genius and Intelligence D.Genius and Luck
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all know that men and women have their differences. But do they really think differently ①_________ In my opinion, men and women still behave in the same way that they were designed to centuries ago. We have different interests, different ways of speaking, of showing how we feel, and of coping with stressful situations.
②_________ This can have a negative effect on our relationships. We often become angry or frustrated with the opposite sex because we expect them to behave and communicate like we do. So why does a man behave as he does Evidence suggests that men were programmed with the instinct to hunt silently for animals. They had to be able to focus their attention on one thing. ③_________ And also why he's so good at reading maps and giving directions.
Women, on the other hand, are usually very good at doing several jobs at once. ④_________ In the past, women often worked in groups, which required a lot of communication, so they're generally more talkative and sensitive to other people's feelings.
Men and women seem to think differently too. Women usually score higher in writing tests. Men are seven times more likely to score in the top 5% in scientific exams. They're often talented at problem-solving and making quick decisions. ⑤_________
A. Women, by contrast, are good at organizing, comforting and giving advice.
B. It is true, nevertheless, that men and women often respond differently to the same situation.
C. Some people might argue that they don't, but I disagree.
D. They also need far more time to complete tasks that require strength or stamina (耐力) .
E. In today's society, where the sexes are considered to be equal, we sometimes forget how different we are.
F. This can also be explained by history, I believe.
G. This might explain why it's so difficult to have a conversation with a man when he's watching TV.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If you examine the birth certificate of every soccer player in the last World Cup tournament, you will most likely find the excellent players were born in the earlier months of the year. If you then examine the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you will find this phenomenon even more 1 .
What might account for this strange phenomenon Some guess a certain astrological sign (星座) 2 superior soccer skills; others maintain that winter-born babies have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. But Anderson Ericsson, a 58-year-old professor who is called the expert on experts, believes in neither. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved 3 training a person to hear and repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject after 20 hours of training, his digital span rose to 20," Ericsson recalls, "and after about 200 hours of training he could repeat up to 80 numbers."
This success, coupled with later research showing memory itself is not 4 determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is a cognitive exercise, which means whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are 5 by how well each person encodes the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as 6 practice. It involves more than simply repeating a task, 7 , playing a C-minor scale 100 times or hitting tennis serves until your shoulder pops out of its socket. 8 it involves stepping outside your comfort zone, setting specific and well-defined goals, focusing on 9 areas of expertise, obtaining immediate feedback from professionals and concentrating as much on technique as
on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying high achievers in a wide range of 10 including soccer, golf, chess, piano playing and darts. They gather all the data they can and make a rather shocking statement: the trait we commonly call talent is highly 11 . And yes, expert performers are nearly always made.
Ericsson's formula seems appealing to many tiger parents: "practice makes perfect" is naturally 12 to genetic determinism. By 13 innate ability as insignificant, many are confident they can make a concert-level pianist or an Olympic figure skater of their kids as long as they push them hard enough. Ericsson, 14 believes what parents should learn from the science of expertise is not the effect of logging thousands of hours, but how to get kids to 15 the importance and challenge of effective practice.
1.A.understandable B.misleading C.appealing D.noticeable
2.A.promises B.improves C.compromises D.masters
3.A.numbers B.subjects C.memory D.practice
4.A.physically B.genetically C.fundamentally D.psychologically
5.A.overshadowed B.demonstrated C.strengthened D.produced
6.A.enormous B.deliberate C.desperate D.persistent
7.A.on average B.more importantly C.for instance D.in particular
8.A.Besides B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Rather
9.A.various B.comprehensive C.targeted D.minor
10.A.pursuits B.occupations C.performances D.assumptions
11.A.underrated B.overrated C.flexible D.demanding
12.A.equal B.inferior C.preferable D.beneficial
13.A.dismissing B.lacking C.recognizing D.highlighting
14.A.likewise B.therefore C.besides D.however
15.A.study B.practice C.reflect D.embrace
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antonie was an amateur scientist from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes ①_________ he'd built some of his own. One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog ②_________ (draw) his attention to a puddle.
Antonie collected a drop of puddle water and put it ③_________ his microscope. He was amazed ④_________ (see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop— tiny beings no one had ever seen before.
These tiny beings, called microbes, are everywhere; in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. People ⑤_________ (cover) in them, too. ⑥_________ you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body, you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people—over 6 billion!
Microbes can't survive on ⑦_________ (they) own. They need food. After ⑧_________ (settle) into a home—you, for instance—they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. ⑨_________ (lucky) for you, there are more ⑩_________ (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Emily来信说她非常喜欢中国的民族舞，并打算最近来中国学习民族舞，想请你帮她推荐一位舞蹈老师。请你根据以下要点给她写一封信，推荐一位老师。要点：
1. 介绍你所推荐的老师；
2. 推荐该老师的原因；
3. 祝愿她拜师成功。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Emily,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A friend of mine whose name was John Smith had a bad memory, which made him famous. He was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence. His wife had to constantly remind him about his meetings, his classes—even his meals! Once he forgot he had eaten breakfast twice, at home and at school. His wife liked to remind her neighbors, "If John didn't have his head tied on, he would forget that too!" Since Smith was a professor at a well-known university, his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment to him. It wasn't that he was not clever, as some critical people tended to say, but just very very absent-minded.
One hot summer day, Professor Smith decided to take his children to a seaside town about a three-hour train ride away. To make the trip more interesting for his young children , he kept the name of the town a secret. However, by the time they arrived at the station, Smith forgot the name of the town he was planning to visit. Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station. He offered to take care of the children while Smith hurried back home to find out where he was going.
The professor's wife was surprised to see him again so soon.
"Oh, my dear, I forgot the name of the town."
"What You forgot the name Maybe one day you will forget my name! Now I'll write the name of that town on a piece of paper, and you put it in your pocket and please, please don't forget where you put it."
Satisfied that she had solved the problem, she sent her husband off again. Ten minutes later she was astonished to see him outside the house for the third time.
Paragraph 1:
"What is the matter now " asked his wife.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
Hearing the cry, out rushed their neighbors, trying to I find out what had happened. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.CAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down."可知选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.可知选A项。
3.标题归纳题。根据全文内容以及最后一段中的"If you do not have enough time, try a short nap-even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful."可知选 B项。
B
答案：1-4.ACDB
解析：1.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是中国科学家发现了一种人体血浆蛋白与H7N9病死率有关,故选A项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的"in critical condition keeps going up, while that of mild cases tends to drop"可知,critical condition与mild cases进行对比,故critical与mild意思应该相反,表示"危急的",故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知D项错误,故选D项。
4.文章出处题。a booklet一本小册子;a newspaper一份报纸;a guide book一本旅行指南;an advertisement一则广告。根据文章内容可知本文是一则关于医学研究发现的新闻报道,应该可以在报纸上找到,故选B项。
C
答案：1-4.ADAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"With the development of society, people no longer worry about where their next meals come from as they did in the old days."可知,过去人们担心的是食物,故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段末的"As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology."可知选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"... but mentally ill. They feel the burden on their shoulders is much heavier than others..."可知选A项。
4.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Joining some keep-fit clubs or tour groups, which are various versions of physical exercise, will benefit you a lot."可知选D项。
D
答案：1-4.ADAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others."可推知,作者认为那些"胜利者"为进入"天才俱乐部"设置的标准是不公平的,因为俱乐部外的女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的贡献是得不到承认的。故选A项。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are 'really, really smart.'"可推知,女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响,认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做"聪明孩子"做的事情。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear."可知,进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A项。
4.标题判断题。根据文章的主要内容,结合文章第一段提出问题"Who is a genius "以及最后一段中的"As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with 'intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.'"可知,天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人,他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项(天才有多种形式)可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。
第二节
答案：CEGFA
解析：本文为一篇说明文。一些人认为男女的思维方式是一样的,但作者持有不同的观点。
①根据空前一句和空后的关键信息"In my opinion可知,空处用于引出作者的观点,故选C项。
②根据下文可知,我们通常会对异性生气或失望,因为我们希望他们和我们一样,因此对我们的关系有负面影响的是我们有时会忘记异性与我们有多么不同,故选E项。
③根据空后的"And also why"可知,空处也应是解释原因,G项中的"This might explain why"与之对应,其中的"This"指代前一句中提到的内容,故选G项。
④根据本段第一句可知,本段主要介绍女性通常很擅长同时做几项工作。空后的"In the past"和F项中的"by history"相对应,故选F项。
⑤根据本段第一句可知,本段主要讲述男性和女性在思维方面的不同,而空前两句介绍了男性的思维方式,空处应是介绍女性的思维方式,故选A项。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DACBA; 6-10.BCDCA; 11-15.BCADD
解析：1.understandable可理解的;misleading误导的;appealing有吸引力的;noticeable明显的。上文说"如果你调查上一届世界杯所有足球运动员的出生证明,你有可能会发现……"可知"如果你接着调查为世界杯和职业联赛输送人才的欧洲国家青年队、你会发现这种现象甚至更明显(noticeable)",上下文两句进行对比之后更明显。故选D项。
2.promise使很可能,预示;improve提高,改进;compromise妥协;master掌握。根据语境可知,此处是指某个星座预示(promises)某人可能具备更高的足球技能。故选A项。
3.number数字;subject主题;memory记忆;practice练习。根据后面的"training a person to hear and repeat a random series of numbers"以及"This success, coupled with later research showing memory itself"可知,实验涉及的是记忆训练(memory training)。故选 C项。
4.physically身体上;genetically 遗传上;fundamentally基本上;psychologically心理上。根据后面的"the act of memorizing is a cognitive exercise, which means whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences"可知,记忆过程是一种认知练习,这不是由遗传(genetically)决定的。故选B项。
5.overshadow掩盖,遮蔽;demonstrate描述,显示;strengthen加强,强化;produce生产。根据上下文的内容可知此处表示这些差异会被每个人对信息进行编码有多好所掩盖(overshadow)。故选A项。
6.enormous巨大的;deliberate故意的;desperate沮丧的;persistent执着的,不屈不挠的。根据后面的"It involves more than simply repeating a task"可知,这里涉及反复的背诵,背诵就是蓄意的、故意的(deliberate)。故选B项。
7.on average平均;more importantly更重要的是;for instance例如;in particular尤其,特别。后面的100次弹奏就是一个事例。故选C项。
8.besides陈……之外(还);nevertheless尽管如此,不过;therefore因此;rather(纠正所说的话或提供更确切的信息)更确切地讲,更准确地说。根据前面的"involves more than simply repeating a task..."可知,涉及的不仅仅是单纯的重复,下面提供更确切的信息,即更确切地说(rather)。故选D项。
9.various各种不同的;comprehensive综合性的,全面的;targeted有针对性的;minor次要的,较小的。根据空前空后的"specific and well-defined goals" "areas of expertise"可知,本空指应该是有针对性的(targeted)。故选C项。
10.pursuit事业,爱好(花费时间和精力去做的事);occupation职业,消遣(用来打发时间的事);performance表现;assumption假设。根据后面的宾语可知,此处是在各种各样的爱好(pursuits)中取得高成就的人。故选A项。
11.underrated被低估了的;overrated被高估的;flexible灵活的;demanding要求高的。根据后面一句中的"expert performers are nearly always made"可知,"专家级的表演者都是后天练就的"可推断出"天赋被高估了(overrated)",故选B项。
12.equal平等的;inferior较低的;preferable更可取的;beneficial有益的。对于想培养好孩子的父母来说,自己的孩子不够聪明,通过后面的训练可以实现,"熟成生巧"这一点自然比基因决定论更受欢迎。即这一点对"虎爸虎妈"来说是更可取的(preferable)。故选C项。
13.dismiss摒弃,对……不屑一提;lack缺乏;recognize意识到;highlight强调。他们认为只要努力就能把孩子培养好,所以他们对于先天的能力不重视,即不屑一提(dismissing)。故选A项。
14.likewise同样地,类似地;therefore因此;besides除……之外(还);however然而。根据本空前后的句子可知,此处是指转折关系,要用however。故选D项。
15.study研究;practice练习;reflect反思;embrace拥抱,欣然接受,乐意采纳(思想、建议等)。根据语境可知,此处表示如何让孩子们欣然接受有效的实践的重要性和挑战性。故选D项。
第二节
答案：that; drew; under; to see; are covered; If; their; settling; Luckily; helpful
解析：本文是一篇说明文,通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物的故事引出话题,指出微生物无处不在,但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。
①考查连词。安东尼是一个来自荷兰的业余科学家,他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了一些。根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。
②考查动词时态。在一个雨天,他散步的时候,一个跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。根据"One rainy day"可知,本句应用一般过去时,故填drew。
③考查介词。安东尼收集了一滴水坑里的水,并把它放在他的显微镜下。根据常识可知,要把物体放到显微镜下面观察,故应用介词under(在……下面)。
④考查不定式。他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。be amazed to do sth.为固定用法,意为"吃惊地做某事"。
⑤考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处讲述客观事实,应用一般现在时;本句中的cover和主语People 之间是被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are covered。
⑥考查连词。如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物,你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿!根据语境可知,本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。
⑦考查代词。on one's own为固定用法,意为"单独地,独自地"。
⑧考查动名词。在宿主——比如你——体内定居后,它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质,留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词After后要用动名词形式,故本空应填settling。
⑨考查副词。对你来说幸运的是,比起有害的微生物,有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首,修饰整个句子。
⑩考查形容词。根据语境可知,本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes,故应填形容词helpful。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Emily,
Glad to hear that you are going to learn Chinese folk dance in China. I'm more than happy to recommend an excellent teacher Miss Chen to you.
Miss Chen is the best dance teacher in our school. You know, I love folk dance. I used to watch Miss Chen's performances of Chinese folk dance, which really impressed me. And I have seen almost all of her performances in our school. Her peacock dance is wonderful. She has helped many students who want to learn folk dance, including me. Besides this, Miss Chen is patient and enthusiastic about teaching. I believe you will achieve a lot with her help.
I sincerely wish you good luck to be Miss Chen's student.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
"What is the matter now " asked his wife. "I just can't remember why I come back and where I am supposed to be going on such a hot summer day," replied the professor. However, the real reason was that he forgot where he had left his children. Sensing something wrong, Mrs Smith didn't believe his words, because whenever he told a lie, he would usually blink his eyes quickly. "Tell me the truth," ordered his wife. "As you told me, I didn't forget where I put the name of that town, but I forgot the station where I left our children!" whispered the professor, his voice trembling. "What a bad memory!" shouted the wife.
Paragraph 2:
Hearing the cry, out rushed their neighbors, trying to find out what had happened. A fight between the couple was about to start when the professor's cell phone began to ring. His friend, whose patience had worn thin, phoned to complain. The professor apologized, got into his car and drove away, leaving behind a bunch of people outside the house. Being afraid that he would make matters worse again, Mrs Smith decided to follow him, who then called a taxi. By the time she caught up with her husband, the children were already back home safe and sound.