译林版（2020） 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 单元复习课件（99张）

(共99张PPT)
牛津新教材必修3
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
1. _____________ n. 共和国，共和政体
2. _____________ adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的
3. _____________ n. 省，省份
4. _____________ adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；
开阔的
5. _____________ n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试
6. _____________ n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
vi. &vt. 测试，试验
republic
deadly
province
experiment
broad
trial
7. _____________ adj. 家庭用的，家用的，家务的
n. 一家人，家庭
8. ______________ vt. 延迟，延期
9. ______________ n. 错误，差错
10. _____________ n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇
11. _____________ n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见
12. _____________ n. 金属
13. _____________ vi.&vt. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；
使……承担责任；使充满
n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管
postpone
error
accident
theory
metal
charge
household
14. _____________ adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人（或物）
15. _____________ n. 炸弹；核武器 vt. 轰炸
16. _____________ n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处
adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
17. _____________ n. 赞扬，认可；信用
vt. 存入金额；把……归于
18. _____________ vt. 取消， 使无效；否认，否定
19. _____________ n. 自由
20. _____________ n. 交通工具，车辆；手段，工具
21. _____________ vt.&vi. 赚得；获利；赢得
22. _____________ n. 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态
bomb
evil
credit
negate
freedom
authority
nationality
standout
marriage
1. survive v. 生存；幸存
→______________ n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
→______________ n. 幸存者
2. intend vt.&vi. 想要，计划；意指
→______________ n. 打算，计划
3. refer v. 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
→______________ n. 提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目
survival
intention
survivor
reference
4. limit n. 限度；极限；范围
→______________ adj. 有限的
5. contain v. 容纳
→______________ n. 容器；集装箱，货柜
6. sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的
→______________ adv. 充足地，足够地
→______________ n. 充足，充裕，足量
7. wise adj. 明智的
→______________ adv. 明智地
→______________ n. 智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问
limited
container
sufficiently
sufficiency
wisely
wisdom
8. benefit n. 优势；益处 v. 使获益
→_____________ adj. 有益的，有用的
9. conduct vt.&vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
→_____________ n. 指挥；售票员；列车长
10. illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于
→____________ n. 说明，解释；插图
11. surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
→____________ adj. 周围的；附近的
→____________ n. 环境
beneficial
conductor
surrounding
illustration
surroundings
12. indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出
→______________ n. 指示器，指示信号
→______________ n. 表明，标示，象征
13. intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的
→______________ n. 智力；情报
→______________ adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的
n. 知识分子，脑力劳动者
14. favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
→______________ adj. 赞同的；有利的
→______________ adj. 特别受喜爱的
indication
indicator
intelligence
favourable
favourite
intellectual
15. politician n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者
→______________ adj. 政治的，政党的，对政治感兴趣的，
争权夺利的
→______________ adv. 政治地，政党地
→______________ n. 政治，权术，政治信仰，政治学
16. electric adj. 电的，发电的，电动的
→______________ n. 电，电能
→______________ adj. 用电的，供电的，电能的
→______________ adv. 电力地，有关电地
politics
political
electricity
politically
electrical
electrically
17. involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加
→______________ adj. 参与其中的；有关联的
→______________ n. 参与；投入
18. science n. 科学
→______________ adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
→______________ adv. 合乎科学地
→______________ n. 科学家
scientific
involved
scientifically
involvement
scientist
19. moral adj. 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的
n. 品行，道德；寓意
→______________ n. 道德，道德准则
→______________ adv. 道德上；道义上
→______________ adj. 不道德的，邪恶的
→______________ n. 不道德
→______________ adv. 不道德地，品行不良地
20. apply vt. &vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关
→______________ n. 申请，请求，申请书
→______________ n. 申请人
immoral
morality
immorality
morally
immorally
application
applicant
21. mystery n. 神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；悬疑作品
→______________ n. 道德，道德准则
22. ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬
→______________ n. 无知
→______________ adj. 无知的
23. permit vt. &vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能
n. 许可证
→______________ n. 允许，许可
ignorant
mysterious
permission
ignorance
24. responsible adj. 负责的
→______________ adj. 不负责的
→______________ n. 责任；负责；职责，义务
→______________ adv. 负责任地
→______________ adv. 不负责任地
25. declare vt. 宣布；公布
→______________ n. 宣布；公告
irresponsible
responsibility
responsibly
irresponsibly
declaration
26. evolve v. 进化；逐渐演变
→______________ n. 进化；演变，发展
27. publish vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布
→______________ n. 出版人，出版机构，发行人，
发行机构
evolution
publisher
____________________ 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
2. ____________________ （使）加速
3. ____________________ 成功，奏效，达到目的
4. ____________________ 反复试验
5. ____________________ 死于
6. ____________________ ……的治疗方法
7. ____________________ 放弃
8. ____________________ 利用；凭借；动用
refer to
speed up
pay off
through trial and error
die of / from
cure for
give up
draw on
9. ________________________ 对……有益处
10. _______________________ 偶然，意外地
11. _______________________ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
12. _______________________ 使某人失望
13. _______________________ 关于，至于
14. _______________________ 想当然地认为，
认为……是理所当然
15. _______________________ 提出，提议，建议
16. _______________________ 从事，致力于
be beneficial to
by accident
with a bang
let sb. down
as to
take it for granted
put forward
work on
17. _______________________ 使……处于危险中
18. _______________________ 归功于……
19. _______________________ 给……提供……
20. _______________________ 促成，促使
21. _______________________ 因为……而成立
22. _______________________ 给……留空间
to the credit of
put … at risk
provide …with…
lead to
be born out of
leave room for
1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. (P45)
不定式短语作后置定语
2. However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. (P47)
not…until …用于强调句中
It is + 被强调成分 + that ...
It is + not until ... + that ... 直到……才……
3. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
find+宾语+宾补结构
1. survival n. 生存；存活；残存物，幸存事物
Thanks to her discovery of qinhaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. (P44)
survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
survive v. 活下来，幸存
survive from+ 时间 从……存留下来
survive on sth. (=live on sth.) 依靠……生活
survive sth. 幸免于……，从……中艰难度过
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of ________. Last week thanks to the skills he and his friend succeeded in __________ the severe floods and they were the only two ___________ (survive)
2) My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa ________ ten years.
survival
surviving
survivors
by
3) After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights _____________ (survive).
4) The _________ (survive) of the boy is uncertain. He is badly hurt and may die.
to survive
survival
2. intend vt.&vi. 想要，计划；意指
In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. (P44)
intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended for sb. / sth. 是为某人/某物而设计的
intend that… 打算……
intention n. 意图, 目的; 打算
have no intention of doing sth.无意做某事; 不打算做某事
【语境应用】完成句子/翻译句子。
1) Seeing the boy trapped in trouble, she intended ______________ (give) him a hand.
2) I have no __________ (intend) of retiring just yet.
3) 我打算在那儿过夜。
to give/ giving
intention
I intend to spend the night there.
3. limited adj. 有限的
However, it was hard to produce enough qinhao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. (P45)
1) limit vt. 限定, 限制 n. 限制, 限度
limit...to... 把……限制在……范围内
be limited to... 局限于……
a time/speed/age limit 时间/速度/年龄限制
within limits 在某种程度上; 有一定限制
set a limit on 对……加以限制
beyond the limit 超过限度
2) limitation n. 限制；控制
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) My wife and I __________ (定了一个限额) on how much we spend on clothes.
2) I ______________ two cups of coffee a day.
我一天只允许自己喝两杯咖啡。
3) They told us that we could do whatever we liked,
___________________ (在一定限度内).
4) 门票数量有限。
There are only a limited number of tickets available.
set a limit
limit myself to
within (certain) limits
4. benefit n. 好处，益处，利益 v. 有助于，有益于，受益
beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的
As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.
Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. (P45)
be of benefit to 对……有好处
for the benefit of sb. = for sb.’s benefit
为帮助某人，为了某人的利益
benefit sb. / sth. 使……受益
benefit from/by 受益于，从……中得到好处
be of great benefit= be very beneficial to…
对……有益(to为介词)
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more __________ (benefit) that harmful. (2021新高考I卷)
2) If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest __________ (benefit). (2020江苏高考)
benefits
beneficial
3) As a result, __________ the benefit of your health, it is necessary that you should have enough sleep and rest.
4) You can also go over the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to benefit __________ it.
from
for
一句多译。
新鲜空气对我们的健康有益。
Fresh air is beneficial to our health.
Fresh air is of benefit to our health.
Fresh air benefits our health.
Our health benefits from fresh air.
完成句子。
1) It is obvious that doing eye exercises ________________, and that is to say, our eyes can __________________ eye exercises.
很明显，做眼保健操有益于我们的眼睛，也就是说，我们的眼睛会受益于眼保健操。
2) ___________________ to eyesight to do eye exercises. (beneficial)
做眼保健操对视力有益。
benefits our eyes
benefit from doing
It is beneficial to
5. surround vt. 围绕；环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. (P48)
surround … by/with … 用……包围……
be surrounded by / with 被……包围
surround oneself with sb. / sth. 和某人/某事物在一起
surrounding adj. 周围的, 附近的
surrounded adj. 被包围的
surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物
【语境应用】用surround的正确形式填空。
1) Ten years ago the field ________________ by trees.
2) When the thief found himself ______________ by so many people, he had to give in.
3) I need to work in pleasant ______________.
4) The town’s water comes from the ______________ hills.
was surrounded
surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
单句语法填空。
5) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69.____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020 全国III)
surrounding
完成句子
1) The firemen ___________ ________ ________ ________ (包围了着火的房子) as soon as they arrived.
2) The whole town ________ ___________ ________ _______ (由水环绕) in the past, making it very beautiful.
3) The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which _______________ (surround) by a high wire fence. (2020 浙江)
was surrounded by/with water
surrounded the burning house
was surrounded
6. favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于
n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
Fortune favours the prepared mind. (P48)
1) in favour of 同意；支持，赞同
in one’s favour 有利于某人；对……有利
2) ask sb. a favour= ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
do sb. a favour= give sb. a hand 帮某人忙
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
favourite adj. 最喜爱的 n. 最喜爱的人或物
favourable adj. 赞成的；有力的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Could you ________ ________ ________ ________ (帮我一个忙) and pick up Sam from school today
2) Everyone in the class voted ________ ________ ________ ________ ____________ (赞同这个建议).
do me a favour
in favour
of this suggestion
单句语法填空
3) As for my ____________(favour) figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
4) When circumstances are ____________(favour), we must not forget that there will still be difficulties.
favourite
favourable
7. charge vi.&vt. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管
When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (P49)
1) in charge of 控制/ 管理……
in the charge of 由……负责；受……的管理
take charge of 掌管，负责
2) free of charge 免费
3) charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) He was charged _________ causing a disturbance after the game.
2) How much do you charge _______ work of this type
3) My uncle is _____ charge of a local hospital.
with
for
in
完成句子。
1) Your order will be delivered _____________ (免费) within a ten -mile limit.
2) They charged me five dollars ______ a cup of coffee.
3) The project is ________________ (在……掌管之下) an experienced engineer.
4) The man arrested by the police ________________ (被指控) stealing.
was charged with
free of charge
for
in the charge of
8. involve v. 包含，需要
I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science ” (P53)
get / be involved in 参与；卷入；聚精会神于
involve doing sth 包含做某事
involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事
involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的；有关的
be/get involved in 使卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于
【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全句子。
1) There was a serious traffic incident ________________________ (涉及一群年轻人).
2) Tom ____________________________ (热衷于集邮).
3) __________________________ (家务事包括做饭), washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.
involving a group of youths
is involved in collecting stamps
Housework involves cooking
9. apply vi. & vt. 应用；申请；涂；有关
Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad -- but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. (P53)
apply (to ... ) for ... (向……)申请……
apply ... to ... 把……应用于……；
把……贴/涂/敷到……
apply to... 适用于……
apply oneself to ... / apply one’s minds to ...
致力于……，专心于……
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) His ____________ (apply) for membership of the organization was rejected.
2) Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine ______ it.
3) Later I decided to apply my previous experience to __________ (learn) how to read and write.
application
to
learning
application n. 申请；申请书；适用
applicant n. 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）
4) All ___________ (apply) must have a driver’s license and access to a car. (2021天津高考)
5) You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the ___________ (apply) form. (2021北京高考)
applicants
application
10. freedom n. 自由
But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. (P54)
have the freedom to do sth. 有做某事的自由
freedom of speech/expression/choice
言论/表达/选择的自由权
individual freedom 个人自由
freedom from sth. 从某事物中摆脱
free adj. 自由的；免费的 v. 使自由
adv. 免费地
keep …free from /of 使……不含(有害物)
be free of 不含……的……
free of charge 免费
set…free 释放
free and easy 自由自在
Be as free as a bird 自由自在
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) She gives me the freedom ______ make mistakes and to learn from them all. (2021年全国高考乙卷 听力材料)
2) Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose _____ free.
3) As children grow, they get more __________ (free) to make their own choices.
to
for
freedom
11. permit vt. & vi. 允许；准许；许可；使有可能 n. 许可证
Permit us to questions --- to doubt --- to not be sure. (P54)
permit sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
permit of 容许(常用于否定句)
permission n. 允许; 许可
with / without permission 获得/未经允许
ask for permission 请求允许
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) Employees are permitted ___________ (use) the golf course during their free hours.
2) The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn’t permit ____________ (smoke).
3) You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without ____________ (permit).
to use
smoking
permission
翻译句子。
1) 他不允许我们现在离开。
2) 在我的房间里不准抽烟。
3) 没有通行证，任何人都不能进入这栋楼。
He doesn't permit us to leave now.
I don't permit smoking in my room. / No smoking is permitted in my room.
Anyone can't enter the building without a permit.
12. responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务
It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom… (P54)
have responsibility for (doing) sth. 有(做)某事的责任
It’s one’s responsibility to do sth. 某人有责任做某事
take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承担(做)某事的责任
escape/ avoid responsibility 逃避/回避责任
a sense of responsibility 责任感
responsible adj. 有责任，负责；可靠的
be responsible for… 对……负责任
responsibility n. 责任
irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) Parents need to inspire a sense of _____________ (responsible) the education of their children.
2) No one wants to take responsibility ________ the problem.
3) You have responsibility for ___________ (inform) us of any changes.
=It’s your responsibility ___________ (inform) us of any changes.
4) Residents are responsible ________ keeping their rooms, kitchens and shower rooms clean and tidy. (2019天津)
responsibility
informing
for
to inform
for
5) The report on the accident showed that the bus driver should be _____________(response).
6) Each of us must take _____________ (responsible) for our own actions.
7) Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible _____________ their children.
responsible
responsibility
for
完成句子
1) The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to __________________________ (为……承担更多的责任) the education of their children.
2) They _____________________ (有……的责任) ensuring that rules are carried out.
take more responsibility for
have responsibility for
declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
declare war on 向……宣战
declare that 宣布/宣称
declare against / for sb / sth 声明反对 /赞成（支持）
declare … to be… 宣布 / 宣称……是……
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) 她说自己非常伤心，因为她没有得到支持。
2) 这地区已宣布为国家公园。
3) 法庭宣布这场活动是非法的。
She declared herself extremely hurt by her lack of support.
The area has been declared (to be) a national park.
The court declared that the campaign was illegal.
1. refer to 查阅，参考；涉及，提到；指的是；关系到
Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. (P45)
1) refer sth. to... 把……提交给……
refer to sb. 指的是某人
refer to ... as 把……称为
2) reference n. 提及；谈到；参考；查阅
in/with reference to... 关于……
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) don’t refer ____________ the problem again in case he is angry.
2) At the beginning of this term, he bought a ____________ (refer) book.
3) The problem ____________ (refer) to the committee.
3) Please so not include covers. A list of ____________(refer) must be included. (2019 天津)
to
reference
was referred
references
根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1) If you don’t know what this means, _____________________ (去查字典).
2) Marcia _______________________________. (把Jerry称作她的好朋友)
refer to the dictionary
referred to Jerry as a dear friend
2. speed up (使)加速
To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. (P45)
【反义短语】slow down 减速，慢下来
at a speed of 以……的速度
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最快速
speed by (时间)很快地过去，飞逝
【语境应用】用speed相关短语的适当形式完成句子。
1) 显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快实现我们的目标。
Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to ______________________________.
2) 既然他以每小时60英里的速度开车，那么事故是怎样发生的呢？
How did the accident come about since he drove ______________________________
speed up to reach our destinations　
at a speed of sixty miles per hour
3. pay off 成功；奏效，达到目的
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. (P45)
pay for sth 付钱；支付；因某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay sb for sth 付钱给某人
pay back 还钱；偿还；报复
pay attention to 注意，留心
pay a visit to 访问
pay down (分期或部分)支付；偿还
pay up 付清全部欠款
【语境应用】用pay的相关短语完成句子。
My hard work finally _________when they called me for an interview.
2) I will ___________ the book whatever the price.
3) How can I ________ you ________ for all your kindness
4) I _____________ Mr. and Mrs. Smith yesterday afternoon.
pay for
paid off
pay back
paid a visit to
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) I'll pay off all my debts at the end of the year.
2) All her hard work / efforts paid off in the end — she passed the exam!
3) The whole ship's crew were paid off at the end of the voyage.
4) I'm certain that he will pay back every cent he owes you．
我将在年底还清所有债务。
她所有的努力最终都得到了回报—她通过考试了!
远航结束时全体船员拿到工资后就被遣散了。
我敢肯定他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。
4. let sb down 使某人失望
Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. (P54)
let alone 更不用说; 更不必说; 不打扰; 不干涉
let off 宽恕; 开(枪), 放(炮、烟火等); 让……下车
let out 放走, 释放; 泄露, 放出; 放宽, 放大(衣服)
let go (of) 放手, 松手; 放开
let in 允许进入, 放进
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) The whole team count on Messi, and he seldom _____________.
整个队都指望着Messi, 他很少让他们失望。
2) He refused to admit his mistake, ___________ apologize to us for it.
他拒绝承认错误, 更不用说为此而向我们道歉了。
3) Don’t __________ the news of me losing job, will you
别把我丢了工作一事泄露出去，行吗
let them down
let alone
let out
5. take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. (P54)
take sb. / sth. for granted
(因习以为常)对……不予重视，（因视为当然而）不把……当回事
take it for granted＋that-clause
认为……理所当然
温馨提示：take it for granted that-clause中, it为形式宾语, 真正的宾语为that-clause。
【语境应用】完成句子
1) He never praises his wife. He just ______________________.
他从不夸妻子，只是觉得她一切理当如此。
2) We all ______________________ they had completed their task.
我们都想当然地认为他们已经完成了他们的任务。
took it for granted that
takes her for granted
3) Human beings __________________ (以为它理所当然) that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.(2019江苏高考)
took it for granted
1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. (P45)
不定式短语作后置定语
不定式作后置定语的情况：
当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
被修饰词被形容词最高级或the only，the very，the right等修饰时；
表示将来的动作时，常用不定式作后置定语；
名词ability，chance，promise，opportunity，wish等常用不定式作后置定语。
【语境应用】 仿写
Jane Goodall是第一位研究黑猩猩与人类之间联系的女性。
Jane Goodall was the first woman to study the connections between chimps and human beings.
2. However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. (P47)
not…until …用于强调句中
It is + 被强调成分 + that ...
对not…until … 句式进行强调时，应将not放在被强调部分中
即：It is + not until ... + that ... 直到……才……
【语境应用】 改为强调句
1) He didn't realize his mistake until his partner pointed it out.
It was not until his partner pointed it out that he realized his mistake.
2) We didn't come back home until we got the result.
It was not until we got the result that we came back home.
3. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
find+宾语+宾补结构
1) “find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，作宾语补足语的可以是过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。
find sb. / sth. done 发现某人/某物被……
find sb. /sth. doing 发现某人/某物正在做……
find sb. / sth. + adj. / adv. / n. / prep. 觉得某人/某物……
【注意】不定式作宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放在宾补之后。结构：find + it + 宾补 + 不定式。
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) I found him ________ (steal) my mobile phone when I saw him.
2) —Did you find him ________
—No, he was not in.
3) When you are walking in your campus, you will find several students from other schools _________ (walk) as well.
stealing
in
walking
完成句子。
1) I was surprised to ______________________ (发现自己感兴趣) this activity .
2) When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car— which was itself worth $ 35,000—in Glasgow city centre, they were shocked to ___________________________ (发现俩警察站着) next to it.
find myself interested in
find two policemen standing
Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements
动词-ed形式作定语
不及物动词的-ed形式作定语时，常表示已经发生的动作。
及物动词的-ed形式定语时，通常既表示已经完成，又可以表示被动的意义。
单个动词-ed形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前；
动词-ed形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后。
e.g. The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
When the delayed flight takes off depends mainly on the weather.
Can you tell the differences between spoken language and written language
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer’s games.
动词-ed形式作状语
作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
动词-ed形式作状语，常表示时间、原因、伴随情况等。
e.g. Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. （时间）
The children, exhausted (疲惫的) by the journey, fell asleep at once. （原因）
动词-ed形式作状语，有时可以与连词一起使用。
e.g. Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。
e.g. Given more time, he could finish the task.
动词-ed形式作时间、原因、条件、让步等状语时，可转换为对应的状语从句
eg Praised by the teacher, Judy went red in the face.
→When Judy was praised by the teacher, she went red in the face.
Frightened by the story, the girl didn’t dare to sleep alone.
→As the girl was frightened by the story, she didn’t dare to sleep alone.
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
动词-ed形式可以see、hear、notice、feel、have、make、keep、leave等动词后作宾语补足语。
作宾补时，动词-ed形式所表示的动作与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
e.g. I have never heard this song sung in English.
When speaking or writing to someone, do your best to make yourself understood.
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. ______________________ (tell) many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
2. The ________ (reduce) price of eggs can save you one dollar for each dozen.
3. Here are some new computer programs _________ (design) for language learning.
4. ______________________ (leave) alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened that he cried.
Having been told / Told
reduced
designed
Having been left / Left
5. My father must have been very angry, for we heard the glass ________ (break) on the floor.
6. My teacher seemed quite ________ (satisfy) with my work and praised me in her class.
7. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ______________ (understand).
8. Generally speaking, when ________ (take) according to directions, the drug has no side effect.
broken
satisfied
understood
taken
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
I’m thinking of a well-known city in Europe. The Rhine River 1. ________ (run) through the center of the city is an important commercial (商业的) waterway. It flows north through the city to the English Channel which is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.
The island 2. ________ (name) Ile de la Cité and 3. _________ (locate) in the oldest part of the city has a beautiful Gothic cathedral (哥特式大教堂) — Cathedral of Our Lady.
running
named
located
The Louvre, 4. __________ (consider) to be one of the world’s largest museums, is also a historic monument. By now, I won’t be 5. _________ (surprise) that you know the city I am thinking of is Paris.
considered
surprised
Oranges: Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. (2020年新课标全国卷II)
decorated
你校准备在新建的“名人长廊”中为每一位名人配上英文介绍。请根据以下要点写一篇英语短文，介绍被誉为“中国核潜艇之父”的著名科学家黄旭华。
1. 1926年出生于广东省一个乡医之家，1949年大学毕业并投身于核潜艇研制；
2. 带领团队成功研制中国第一艘核潜艇，使中国成为世界上第五个拥有核潜艇的国家；
3. 曾获“共和国勋章”和“国家最高科学技术奖”。
如何用英语介绍科学家
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
核潜艇 nuclear submarine
共和国勋章 China's Medal of the Republic
国家最高科学技术奖
State Preeminent Science and Technology Award
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求介绍一位科学家。
介绍科学家的关键之处在于突出其主要经历和贡献。
介绍其生平事迹时一般用第三人称，时态以一般过去时为主。
二、谋篇布局
此类文章一般采用“总——分——总”结构，对科学家的生平、主要事迹、贡献和社会评价进行介绍，使读者对其有一个较为清晰和全面的了解。
本写作任务可分为三部分：
第一部分：总体介绍（包括姓名、出生年份、身份等）；
第二部分：列举其主要经历及贡献；
第三部分：总结全文（介绍其成就及社会评价）。
第一部分：总体介绍。
... was born into a(n) ... in ... He is a great / famous / leading Chinese scientist and is known as ...
Born into a(n) ... family in ..., ..., one of the most outstanding / distinguished / brilliant ( 才华横溢的) Chinese scientists, is honoured as ...
第二部分：列举其主要经历及贡献。
After graduating from ..., ... spent most of his life developing ... in China.
Having graduated from ..., ... devoted himself to developing ... in China.
Led by the great talent, his team successfully invented ... so that China became the ... country to have its own ... in the world.
Under his leadership, his team succeeded in manufacturing ..., making China the ... country to have its own ... in the world.
第三部分：总结全文。
Because of his great contributions to science and technology, ... received ... and ...
Such great contributions did ... make to science and technology that ... was awarded ... and ...
He should be admired by all of us.
He deserves all his honours.
Born into a doctor's family in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang Xuhua, one of the most outstanding Chinese scientists, is honoured as “the father of China's nuclear submarines”.
Having graduated from university in 1949, Huang Xuhua devoted himself to developing nuclear submarines in China. Under his leadership, his team succeeded in manufacturing China's first nuclear submarine, making China the fifth country to have its own nuclear submarine in the world.
Such great contributions did Mr. Huang make to science and technology that he was awarded China's Medal of the Republic and State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. He deserves all his honours.