初中英语定语从句课件(共77张PPT)

(共77张PPT)
定语从句
初中英语语法
何为 定语 ？
1. He is an honest boy.
2. We love our country.
3. What’s your telephone number
4. He bought some sleeping pills.
5. Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
6. The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
练习
1. What is your family name
2. The boy in blue is Tom.
3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
4. His father works in a steel factory.
5. There are 42 students in our class.
6. Do you known Betty’s sister
7. His spoken language is good.
8. There are five boys who will play the game.
请划出下列句中的定语。
单词
短语
句子
定语 的 位置
This is a flower basket.
This is a basket full of flowers.
This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.
Which one is Harry Porter
The boy is Harry Porter
The boy with glasses is Harry Porter
The boy _______________________ is Harry Porter .
who is wearing glasses
Which one is Harry Porter
先行词
(被定从修饰的词)
关系词
定语从句
The boy who is wearing glasses is Potter.
关系代词
关系副词
代人：who, whom, that
where, when,why
代物：which, that
代所有格：whose（不分人或物）
This is the best film that I have seen.
关系词
1.引导定语从句
2.代替先行词
3.在从句中担当一个成分（从句的主语、宾语、定语、状语）
关系词的作用
Mary is a girl.
Mary has long hair.
合并为一个句子
Mary is a girl ___________________ .
Mary ___________________ is a girl.
合并句子
who\that has long hair
who\that has long hair
1.The house lies on the east coast
2.The house has a beautiful garden.
The house _______________________________ lies on the east coast.
并句
合并句子
which\that has a beautiful garden
Lucy has many books.
The books are interesting.
Lucy has many books___________________.
which are interesting.
The books_____________ are interesting.
which Lucy has
which作从句主语,不可省略
which用法
并句
which作从句宾语,可省略
which 在句子中代指物，可作定语从句的主语或宾语.
This is the book which you want.
This is the book.
You want the book.
分解
拆分句子练习
which作从句宾语,可省略
The house which stands near the river is my home.
分解
The house is my home.
The house stands near the river .
which作从句主语,不可省略
who 在句子中代指人，可作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
who用法
who作从句主语,不可省略
分解
=who,作主语
who 在句子中代指人，可作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The pretty lady who we will visit tomorrow is a great doctor .
The pretty lady is a great doctor.
We will visit the pretty lady tomorrow.
=who,作宾语
who用法
who作从句宾语,可省略
分解
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
whom用法
分解
whom作从句宾语,可省略
=whom,作宾语
1.He is the kind person.
2.I have ever worked with him.
合并句子练习
1.The boy studies very hard .
2.He comes from a poor area .
that 代为人或物的先行词，作从句的主语和宾语.
The book that I read yesterday was written by Mark.
that用法
The teacher that teaches us English is Ms Zhang.
分解
分解
The teacher is Ms Zhang.
The teacher teaches us English .
that作从句宾语,可省略
that作从句主语,不可省略
The book was written by Mark.
I read the book yesterday.
1. I saw the things and the persons.
2. Everyone knew them.
合并句子练习
1.The dress in red is so beautiful.
2.She is wearing it in the party.
关系代词 who, whom, which, that
指人 指物 前置介 词 主语 宾语可省略
who
whom
which
that
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
本课总结
关系代词的用法练习
1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.
2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.
3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm.
4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.
5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.
The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.
The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.
He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.
The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.
I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.
宾语从句的特殊用法
只用that的情况
只用which的情况
只用who的情况
⑴ 先行词是表物的不定代词，如
all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等
All that we have to do is to practise every day.
Something that we heard was of great truth.
★只用that引导定语从句的情况主要有。
（2） 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。
I have read all the books that you gave me.
（3）先行词被序数词、或形容词的最高级所修饰。
The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten.
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
⑷ 先行词被the only, the very ,the last,the next, no longer，no more修饰。
This is the very pen that I am looking for.
He is the only person that I want to talk to.
⑸ 先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
⑹ 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。
Who is the man that is talking to John
⑺ 如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which\who，则另一个用that.
Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
8.当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行项为物
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two tickets of the film that are for you.
只用which不用that的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)当关系词前有介词时
The room in which my family live .
(3)当先行词本身为 that 时.
That which you told him about is what we want to know.
(4)先行词后有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
1.当先行词是one, ones ,anyone,all, everybody, nobody, anybody等指人的不定代词时，则优先选用who连接主从句。
Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial.
Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here.
只用who不用that的情况
对比只用that的第1、2条
2.先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时 Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
3.在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时 There is a person outside who wants to see you.
4. 当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
5.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时 There 's only one student in the school who I want to see. Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields
6. 在非限制性定语从句中指人 I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.
只用who不用that的情况
1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things _______
we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked
with.
7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
that , which or who
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that , which ,whose, whom or who
9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say
10.Any person _______ has the money can join the group.
11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,
_______ made others upset.
12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.
13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.
14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up
by his father.
that
that
which
which
whom
whose
关系代词（who, whom, which, that，whose）
指人 指物 前置介词 在定语从句中的作用
who 主语 宾语（可省）
whom √ √ 宾语（可省）
which √ √ 主语 宾语（可省）
that √ √ 主语 宾语（可省）
whose √ √ 定语
√
宾语从句知识拓展
Whose 的用法
介词+关系词 的情况
关系副词：
where，when, why
Whose即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，译为：…的。在从句中作定语，可与of which互换。
The room whose window is still open is our English teacher’s office.
The room is our English teacher’s office.
The room’s window is still open.
Whose 的用法：
The room’s= whose
难用的 whose
1. The teacher praised the student.
2. His English is the best in our class.
The teacher praised the student whose English is
the best in our class.
whose =the student’s = his
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
=The teacher praised the student of which English is the best in our class.
好用的 whose
1. The house is mine.
2. The door of the house is beautiful.
The house whose door is beautiful is mine.
whose=the house’s door
注意：Of which = whose
=The house of which door is beautiful is mine.
The book whose cover is blue is mine.
=The book of which the cover is blue is mine.
分解：
1. The is mine.
2. The book’s cover is blue.
介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city which she lives is far away.
to
in
介词+关系代词用法
介词+关系代词的情况 2
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right
介词+关系代词的情况 3
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right
介词+关系代词的情况 3
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right
介词+关系代词的情况 3
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right
介词+关系代词的情况 3
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right
介词+关系代词的情况 3
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
×
×
Are these two sentences right
可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后
介词+关系代词的情况 4
Is this the watch that you are looking for
The old man whom I am looking after is better .
在固定短语中介词不能提前
下面两句中的介词能提前吗
1. The teachers are present at the meeting are all experienced teachers.
2. I have a big family consists of 5 girls and 3 boys.
3. Tom is the boy hand-writing is very good in our school.
who
whose
Practice：
which/that
The Attributive Clause 2
定语从句
--Relative Adverbs
关系副词
关系词的选择
看关系词（先行词）在从句中充当的成分
主语，宾语———关系代词
状语——————关系副词
关系副词
when
where
why
1.when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如: time/day/hour/year等）。
2. where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如：place/room/house等)。
3. why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason 后。
关系副词-----when , where, why 在从句中做状语
He’ll never forget the day
when his gramma passed away.
先行词
关系副词
在定语从句中充当时间状语
when
定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用when 引导。
I still remember the year when we studied together.
When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词”
I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.
I still remember the year in which we studied together.
Can you tell me the reason
why you quited your job
先行词
关系副词
在定语从句中充当原因状语
why
由why引导的定语从句
①关系副词why 的先行词只有reason , 在从句中表示原因状语。
Do you know the reason why I left early
Why 在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于for which .
Do you know the reason _____________I left early
②但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which .
The reason ___________ he gave us was unacceptable.
for which
that/which
I went to the house
where the party was held
关系副词
在定语从句中充当地点状语
where
先行词
由where引导的语从句。
定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时,常用where引导。
A book office is a place where tickets are sold.
Where 在从句中做状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于in which，所以此句可以改为：
A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.
因此定语从句中关系副词where= 介词 +which .
关系副词 　指代 在从句中的作用
where (=in/at… which)
when (=at/in/on /during… which)
why (=for which)
时间
地点
原因
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
关系副词引导的定语从句
① The year______________ I entered the college was 2000.
② The reason ______________she didn't do her homework was that she was ill.
③ The house _________ he lives is beautiful.
The house _________ he lives in is beautiful.
The house _________ he lives is beautiful.
on which/when
why/for which
in which
which/that
where
比较关系词的具体用法
when的用法举例：
He can never forget the day _____ his gramma passed away.
试比较：
He can never forget the summer __________ he spent in UK.
注意：要对从句做成分分析！
结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用
which/ that。如果从句中不缺主语
或宾语，则用when.
when
(that/which)
where的用法举例：
The nice house ______ she lived was sold out yesterday.
试比较：
The nice house _________ was left by her father was sold out yesterday.
注意：要对从句做成分分析！
结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用
which/ that。如果从句中不缺主语
或宾语，则用where.
where
which/that
why的用法举例：
This is the reason ________ I left.
试比较：
This is the reason __________ he gave to her.
注意：要对从句做成分分析！
结论：why的先行词一定是 the reason,
但the reason的关系词不一定是 why。
why
(that/ which)
1、This is the company _______ my father worked 10 years ago.
A、that
B、when
C、which
D、where
Practice Makes Perfect!
D
2、This is the school_______we visited
last year.
A、where
B、which
C、what
D、the one
B
3、Let me think of a proper situation
_______ this word can be used.
A、where
B、that
C、of whom
D、which
A
4、He told me the reason _____ he
didn’t show up.
A、which
B、that
C、why
D、what
C
5、This is the reason ______ she told me.
A、that
B、why
C、on which
D、for that
A
6、She will never forget the day_____
she spent in China .
A、when
B、what
C、which
D、why
C
7. Do you know the date _____ the house was sold out
A. which B. where C. that D. when
D
8. This is the houses _______ he lived when he was a teenager .
A. which
B. that
C. in where
D. in which
D
9. This is the place _____ we visited the other day .
A. that
B. in which
C. where
D. whom
A
改错
1. I’m going to work in the company where needs me.
2.This is the house where I once lived there.
3.This is the factory which I worked for 10 years.
4.We know the house at which our uncle lives.
5. June 1,2020 is the day when we’ll never forget.
6. The reason which he explained it sounds unreasonable.
that/ which
where/ in which
in
which/ that
定从和宾从的区别
1.连接词的区别
定从：that,which,who,whom, whose
when,where,why
宾从：1.that
2. whether,if(是否)
3. 特殊疑问词：
which,who,whom, whose
when,where,why,how ,what ,how many
定从和宾从的区别
2.先行词的区别：
定语从句在句中做定语，一般跟在名词之后，起修饰该名词的作用
宾语从句在句中做宾语，一般跟在谓语动词之后。
I said that I want to play music with her.
I said to my friend Lucy who is a lovely girl.
I said to my friend Lucy that I want to play music with her.
Conclusion
小结
先行词充当主语、宾语，则用关系代词
that , which , who , whom , whose
定语从句
先行词充当状语，则用关系副词
where , when , why