哈尔滨市第九中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试
英语学科试卷 原卷版
(满分：100分)
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 Year Olds Online Short Course
Course description
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 year olds will explore the world of visual communication as you unravel the possibilities of graphic design.
Through a series of fun and engaging workshops, you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.
We’ll encourage you to develop your work through brainstorming and visual research, to feed your inspiration.
Course outcomes
You’ll leave with a small body of work and a broader understanding of the possibilities offered by working in the area of graphic design. You will have gained skills that can be used in building a future portfolio(作品集).
All our Online Short Courses include:
*Live online lessons with the same tutors
*Access to VLE with course content
*Forums for support
*Certificate upon completion
How to book:
*Click “add to basket”
*If you are an adult booking a place for a child or teenager, you will need two email addresses, one for your booking confirmation email and one for the student
*Select the option to book for someone else
*Add the bookers’ details under your details
If you need help with booking please use our online chat or call 0207 514 7015. Please note that all courses are taught in UK time. Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.
1. How will the students learn through the course
A. By doing practical exercises.
B. By watching preloaded videos.
C. By conducting online research.
D. By receiving one-to-one instruction.
2. What can a student get after finishing the course
A. A certificate. B. A portfolio. C. A job offer. D. A tutor's signature.
3. What calls for special attention when students book the course
A. Booking in UK time.
B. Calling to confirm in advance.
C. Booking at least two days before it starts.
D. Avoiding using more than one email address.
B
In 1803, the United States acquired a huge new piece of land called the Louisiana Territory. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were given the job of leading an expedition to collect data about this uncharted territory. President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark three tasks for the journey: Find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean, make friends with the Native Americans along the way, and gather detailed information about the plants, animals, landforms (地形), and climate of the area.
In order to discover if there was an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark attempted to travel up the Mississippi River by boat. In this way, they hoped that they would eventually reach the Pacific. Ultimately, the explorers discovered the Rocky Mountains and the Continental Divide, but not the Pacific Ocean. The hope for an all-water route from the East to the Pacific would have to be abandoned.
Lewis and Clark’s second task was to make friends with Native Americans in the area. They packed hundreds of pounds of gifts for the indigenous people, including beads, sewing needles, cloth, yarn, and knives. Their intention was to use these items as offerings of peace and good faith. However, many tribes were hostile. They felt threatened by the Americans’ presence and refused to communicate with them. Other tribes were more welcoming and aided the explorers in finding food and navigating the new region.
The explorers’ final task was extensive and ongoing. Lewis and Clark had to take detailed notes about the landforms and climate of the different areas through which they travelled. President Jefferson also wanted samples of notable plant and animal life. They prepared animal fur and plant samples to send back to the president throughout the trip. They also kept individual journals with detailed descriptions and drawings of the environment and terrain (地势).
Up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, across the Great Plains, over the Rockies, down the Columbia River, and to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark travelled. After 3 years, Jefferson received a letter from Lewis stating, “It is with great pleasure that I announced to you the safe arrival of myself and my partner. In obedience to your orders, we have penetrated (穿过)the continent of North America to the Pacific Ocean.”
4. Which of the following is Not among the tasks that President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark
A. Find a direct waterway from the U.S. to the Pacific Ocean.
B. Collect geographic and ecological information about the unknown area.
C. Locate the Rocky Mountains and the Continental Divide.
D. Build relationships with the Native Americans on the way.
5. What does the underlined word “hostile” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Determined not to change their attitudes.
B. Very unfriendly or aggressive.
C. Not wanting to talk to other people.
D. Belonging to a very simple society.
6. What can we learn about the final task
A. The task was less challenging than the former two tasks.
B. The task required a wide range of knowledge and skills.
C. The task focused on collecting data about landforms and climate.
D. Lewis and Clark didn’t send back samples until they finished their journey.
7. What can we infer from the text
A. Lewis and Clark had to turn back before completing their tasks.
B. Lewis and Clark successfully found an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean.
C. Lewis and Clark finished the expedition without the help of Native Americans.
D. The expedition covered the area from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.
C
In a recent study, researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich（TUM）find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins. This is believed to be a direct result of the heat island effect, which is a situation where the temperature of the city is higher than the nearby rural areas. It’s mostly caused by the fact that buildings, roads, and many other things in the city take in a lot of sunlight and send out the sun’s heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. A secondary cause is waste heat produced by heavy uses of energy.
For the study, TUM researchers studied 1,400 trees in 10 cities around the world, which were found in both city centers and nearby rural areas. Based on tree ring study, researchers found that city trees are growing faster than their rural cousins. But before the 1960s, both city and rural trees grew at about the same speed.“We can show that city trees of the same age are generally larger than rural trees because they grow faster. While the difference is about a quarter at the age of 50, it is still just under 20% at a hundred years of age,” lead author Hanz Pretzch says.
Researchers from TUM also found that in some cities, higher-than-normal temperatures have led to growing seasons that are more than eight days longer than the norm. This sounds like a good thing. But while fast -growing city trees are busy taking in CO2and providing relief from the heat, they’ re also aging and dying at a faster speed than rural trees. As a result, these trees need to be replaced and replanted more frequently.
Considering the valuable “ecosystem services” that city trees provide, planning and management should follow to make a change with today’s tree growth speed. Pretzch and his team set out to perform the study largely in response to United Nation’s report that the world’s cities will experience population growth of more than 60% by 2030. And with such fast growth comes a great need for city trees that make these cities better places to live in.
8 What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A. Cities need more trees to reduce the temperatures.
B. Humans lead to trees growing faster in cities.
C. Trees need scientific planting in rural areas.
D. Greenhouse effect is too serious in cities.
9. What can we learn from the findings of the research
A. Rural trees live twice longer than city trees.
B. City trees live for about 100 years at most.
C. Rural trees live much longer now than in the 1960s.
D. City trees grow faster at early years.
10. What is the result of city trees growing faster
A. Cities suffer more easily from natural disasters.
B. The temperatures in cities will fall greatly.
C. City trees have a shorter life circle.
D. More people move to rural areas.
11. Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A. Taking better care of urban trees
B. Planting more trees in urban areas
C. More researches to be done on urban trees
D. Urban trees growing faster than rural trees
D
A recent study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion connections in the brain o a three-year-old child.
Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at telling different sound patterns. The researchers produced images o the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example5one order was mu—ba—ba. This is the pattern "A -B— B”. Another order was mu—ba—ge. This is the pattern "A-B—C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the "A—B-B” pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive（敏感）to where it occurred in the order.
Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the base of words and grammar, "Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference： 'John caught the bear' is very different from 'The bear caught John.
Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones——no matter how educational—— doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to- face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish （辨别）between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies-regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio-learned nothing.
12. Why are early experiences so important to children according to the study
A. They can show connections in their brains.
B. They can increase new information of IQs.
C. They can offer children more attention,
D. They can help to develop their brains.
13. How was the research carried out
A. By recognizing babies5 different appearances.
B. By producing images of new words for babies,
C. By testing how babies' brains learn to speak language.
D By checking babies' brains to identify different sound patterns.
14. Why is Gervain excited about the findings
A. Grammar is important in learning languages,
B. Different orders of sounds have different meanings.
C. The order of words comes from its grammar meaning.
D. Different languages have different grammar rules.
15. What is Patricia Kuhl most likely to agree
A. Learning Chinese is of great benefit to babies' brains.
B. Babies are better than adults in learning a foreign language.
C. Face-to-face communication can improve babies' brains.
D. Babies learn a lot from television, audio books or the Internet.
第二节(共5小题;每题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can't Resist Junk Food Study Suggests You Try This Simple Trick
You're tired and hungry. Then you catch a whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. It is fried chicken!____16____A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
Let's take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes ____17____ And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e. g,cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g.strawberry smell).____18____That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
____19____When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced. The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you're feeling you don't have the will power to resist that French fries it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two. ____20____
A. But wait a minute before you order.
B. It's a response that has been researched.
C. Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D. It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E. However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F. It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G. The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
第二部分：英语知识运用
完形填空(共 15 小题;每题1分，满分15分)
An experiment shows that a type of human behavior is conformity, which may be defined as a willingness to adopt the same behavior and attitudes as those seen in other people.
In order to experience a sense of belongings to a particular group, an individual may willingly ___21___ the group’s values and behavior. Often, however, an individual will conform to the behavior of those around him even when they are total ___22___ . It seems that many human beings don’t like to ___23___ in a crowd or seem to be different from those around them, and they have a strong ___24___ to conform to the behavior of other people simply to avoid making themselves ___25___ . People will also avoid becoming ___26___ a situation if they can shrug off their responsibility by ___27___ that someone else will do something. When an apparent murder took place outside a block of flats in New York, residents must have ___28___ or seen something, yet there was no ___29___ to the police and no one came out to help or investigate.
Another ____30____ showed that some people will change their opinion in order to conform to the majority ____31____ . A group of people were shown a picture of a series of lines and asked to choose those which were most ____32____ in length. All ____33____ one of the people in the group had been informed ____34____ to give a wrong answer. The one who had not been informed in advance did not know this and at first gave the correct answer. But, when he heard the others, he changed his mind and agreed to ____35____ that the others were right.
21. A. reject B. adopt C. adapt D. adjust
22. A. strangers B. friends C. opponents D. neighbors
23. A. put up B. rush out C. escape from D. stand out
24 A. instinct B. dream C. desire D. goal
25. A. confused B. unexpected C. desirable D. noticeable
26. A. involved in B. taken out C. isolated from D. ignorant of
27. A. estimating B. assuming C. planning D. assuring
28. A. investigated B. indicated C. heard D. confirmed
29. A. complaint B. hint C. comment D. call
30. A. experiment B. factor C. proposal D. description
31. A. view B. trust C. argument D. agreement
32. A. apart B. same C. likely D. alike
33. A. except B. besides C. including D. considering
34. A. definitely B. previously C. doubtfully D. clearly
35. A. refer B. decline C. accept D. suppose
第三部分 单项选择(共 35小题，每题1分，共35分)
36. — Can I pay the bill by check
— Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash.
A. can B. shall C. must D. need
37. Standing at the top of the mountain, we caught sight of a river _________ over 250 meters broad.
A. measured B. measuring C. measures D. is measured
38. It was not until the early 18th century _________ the importance of the event was generally realized.
A. what B. when C. whose D. that
39. —Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat messages
— Because my phone _________.
A. is dead B. had died C. died D. have died
40. _________ I _________ yesterday’s nucleic acid test, I _________ from traveling.
A. Had; taken; wouldn’t have been restricted B. Have; taken; wouldn’t be restricted
C. Did; take; wouldn’t be restricted D. Do; took; wouldn’t have been restricted.
41. Only when strong enough win respect in any corner of the world.
A. is the motherland; can every Chinese B. the motherland is; can every Chinese
C. is the motherland; every Chinese can D. the motherland is; every Chinese can
42. The little boy was so happy _________ his father decided to interrupt the vacation in Shanghai.
A. until B. when C. as D. while
43. Pollution and the effects _________ has caused damage human beings constantly.
A. what B. that C. which D. it
44. _________ as much as one-fourth of all trees harvested hadn’t been used proved to be false.
A. That B. What C. Why D. Whether
45. Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _____ by means of speech.
A. other B. another C. the other D. one another
46. Every teacher and every student _________ that Taiwan is an inseparable part of us.
A. believe B. had believed C. believes D. have believed
47. Taylor said: “_________ child as she is, Kate should put forward _________ most difficult question for us to answer.”
A. /; the B. a; the C. /; a D. the; a
48. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.
A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any
49. 8. 15 is a special number, _________, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.
A. what B. it C. which D. one
50. The tourists came to the No. 1 pit of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses，eyes _________ upon these unique historical relics.
A. fixing B. fixed C. are fixed D. fix
51. The government is budgeting more and more money to those relatively backward rural areas to make better education and medical service _________ to the farmers.
A. reasonable B. sensible C. acceptable D. accessible
52. In Britain today women _________ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. hold up B. build up C. account for D. consist of
53. Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times , it didn’t make any _____ to me.
A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
54. My brother likes eating very much and he isn’t very _________ about the food he eats.
A. special B. aware C. particular D. unusual
55. A police came running and _________ the crowd.
A. broke up B. broke down C. broke out D. broke through
56. Though _________ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated
57. The government’s strong actions demonstrated our _________ to uphold One-China principle.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
58. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _________ him of speeding.
A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. scold
59. The boy _________ when he ran across the busy road in front of the bus.
A. pulled his weight B. had a frog in his throat
C. had a narrow escape D. braved the elements
60. The child enjoyed _________ the wooden bricks and then knocking them down.
A. adding to B. putting forward C. piling up D. forming up
61. （2015·湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent
C. identity D. treasure
62. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain
63. Students are expected to dress _________, suitable for weather conditions, and in good taste.
A. accurately B. adequately C. essentially D. attractively
64. There is no doubt _________ this candidate’s advantage _________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A that; makes up B. whether; goes against
C. that; lies in D. whether; leaves out
65. The ladies spent some time _________ on each other’s health and families.
A. suffering from B. coming across
C. bringing up D. catching up
66. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A. treated B. adjusted C. adopted D. reminded
67. The girl refuse _________ anything that were second best.
A. to settle down B. to settle for
C. settling down D. settling for
68. The reason why he _________ the new situations quickly is that he has a _________ attitude.
A. adapted to; changeable B. adapted for; alternate
C. adapted for; movable D. adapted to; flexible
69. Everyone has a long and hard way to grow up _________ we have the glory to shine.
A. after B. before C. since D. as
70. _________ climate changing, severe droughts and extreme heat are becoming more frequent.
A. On B. By C. With D. For哈尔滨市第九中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试
英语学科试卷 解析版
(满分：100分)
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 Year Olds Online Short Course
Course description
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 year olds will explore the world of visual communication as you unravel the possibilities of graphic design.
Through a series of fun and engaging workshops, you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.
We’ll encourage you to develop your work through brainstorming and visual research, to feed your inspiration.
Course outcomes
You’ll leave with a small body of work and a broader understanding of the possibilities offered by working in the area of graphic design. You will have gained skills that can be used in building a future portfolio(作品集).
All our Online Short Courses include:
*Live online lessons with the same tutors
*Access to VLE with course content
*Forums for support
*Certificate upon completion
How to book:
*Click “add to basket”
*If you are an adult booking a place for a child or teenager, you will need two email addresses, one for your booking confirmation email and one for the student
*Select the option to book for someone else
*Add the bookers’ details under your details
If you need help with booking please use our online chat or call 0207 514 7015. Please note that all courses are taught in UK time. Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.
1. How will the students learn through the course
A. By doing practical exercises.
B. By watching preloaded videos.
C. By conducting online research.
D. By receiving one-to-one instruction.
2. What can a student get after finishing the course
A. A certificate. B. A portfolio. C. A job offer. D. A tutor's signature.
3. What calls for special attention when students book the course
A. Booking in UK time.
B. Calling to confirm in advance.
C. Booking at least two days before it starts.
D. Avoiding using more than one email address.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍了面向13至16岁儿童的平面设计在线短期课程，包括课程内容、成果和预定方式等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Course description部分的“Through a series of fun and engaging workshops, you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.（通过一系列有趣和吸引人的研讨会，您将尝试一系列动手操作材料和过程）”可知，学生在该课程上通过做实际练习来进行学习。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据All our Online Short Courses include部分的“*Certificate upon completion”可知，学习完成后学生将获得一份证书。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.（在线课程在课程开始前48小时对所有新预订关闭）”可知，学生在预定课程时尤其要注意，至少在活动开始前两天预约。故选C。
B
In 1803, the United States acquired a huge new piece of land called the Louisiana Territory. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were given the job of leading an expedition to collect data about this uncharted territory. President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark three tasks for the journey: Find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean, make friends with the Native Americans along the way, and gather detailed information about the plants, animals, landforms (地形), and climate of the area.
In order to discover if there was an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark attempted to travel up the Mississippi River by boat. In this way, they hoped that they would eventually reach the Pacific. Ultimately, the explorers discovered the Rocky Mountains and the Continental Divide, but not the Pacific Ocean. The hope for an all-water route from the East to the Pacific would have to be abandoned.
Lewis and Clark’s second task was to make friends with Native Americans in the area. They packed hundreds of pounds of gifts for the indigenous people, including beads, sewing needles, cloth, yarn, and knives. Their intention was to use these items as offerings of peace and good faith. However, many tribes were hostile. They felt threatened by the Americans’ presence and refused to communicate with them. Other tribes were more welcoming and aided the explorers in finding food and navigating the new region.
The explorers’ final task was extensive and ongoing. Lewis and Clark had to take detailed notes about the landforms and climate of the different areas through which they travelled. President Jefferson also wanted samples of notable plant and animal life. They prepared animal fur and plant samples to send back to the president throughout the trip. They also kept individual journals with detailed descriptions and drawings of the environment and terrain (地势).
Up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, across the Great Plains, over the Rockies, down the Columbia River, and to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark travelled. After 3 years, Jefferson received a letter from Lewis stating, “It is with great pleasure that I announced to you the safe arrival of myself and my partner. In obedience to your orders, we have penetrated (穿过)the continent of North America to the Pacific Ocean.”
4. Which of the following is Not among the tasks that President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark
A. Find a direct waterway from the U.S. to the Pacific Ocean.
B. Collect geographic and ecological information about the unknown area.
C. Locate the Rocky Mountains and the Continental Divide.
D. Build relationships with the Native Americans on the way.
5. What does the underlined word “hostile” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A Determined not to change their attitudes.
B. Very unfriendly or aggressive.
C. Not wanting to talk to other people.
D. Belonging to a very simple society.
6. What can we learn about the final task
A. The task was less challenging than the former two tasks.
B. The task required a wide range of knowledge and skills.
C. The task focused on collecting data about landforms and climate.
D. Lewis and Clark didn’t send back samples until they finished their journey.
7. What can we infer from the text
A. Lewis and Clark had to turn back before completing their tasks.
B. Lewis and Clark successfully found an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean.
C. Lewis and Clark finished the expedition without the help of Native Americans.
D. The expedition covered the area from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了1803年，美国获得了一大片叫做路易斯安那地区的新土地。托马斯·杰斐逊总统给了路易斯和克拉克三个任务：找到一条通往太平洋的全水路线，与沿途的印第安人交朋友，收集有关该地区植物、动物、地貌和气候的详细信息。最后刘易斯和克拉克成功地找到了一条通往太平洋的全水航线。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark three tasks for the journey: Find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean, make friends with the Native Americans along the way, and gather detailed information about the plants，animals，landforms(地形), and climate of the area.”（托马斯·杰斐逊总统给了路易斯和克拉克三个任务：找到一条通往太平洋的全水路线，与沿途的印第安人交朋友，收集有关该地区植物、动物、地貌和气候的详细信息)可知，任务中没有提到C项：找到落基山脉和大陆分水岭的位置。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Lewis and Clark’s second task was to make friends with Native Americans in the area. They packed hundreds of pounds of gifts for the indigenous people, including beads, sewing needles, cloth, yarn, and knives. Their intention was to use these items as offerings of peace and good faith. However, many tribes were hostile. They felt threatened by the Americans’ presence and refused to communicate with them. ”（刘易斯和克拉克的第二个任务是与当地的印第安人交朋友。他们为土著人打包了数百磅的礼物，包括珠子、缝纫针、布、纱和刀。他们的意图是用这些物品作为和平与善意的祭品。然而，许多部落都充满hostile。他们对美国人的存在感到威胁，拒绝与他们沟通）可知，however表示前后转折，刘易斯和克拉克想和印第安人交朋友，然而部落充满敌意。结合划线词后felt threatened by ...and refused to communicate with them可知，划线词表示不友好或好斗的，挑衅的。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“ Lewis and Clark had to take detailed notes about the landforms and climate of the different areas through which they travelled. ”（刘易斯和克拉克必须详细记录他们所经过的不同地区的地形和气候）和“They also kept individual journals with detailed descriptions and drawings of the environment and terrain(地势).”（他们还在各自的日志中详细描述环境和地形）可知，这项任务的重点是收集有关地形和气候的数据。故选C。
【7题详解】
）推理判断题。根据最后一段“Up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, across the Great Plains, over the Rockies, down the Columbia River, and to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark travelled. After 3 years, Jefferson received a letter from Lewis stating, ‘It is with great pleasure that I announced to you the safe arrival of myself and my partner. In obedience to your orders, we have penetrated(穿过)the continent of North America to the Pacific Ocean. ’”（刘易斯和克拉克沿着密西西比河和密苏里河逆流而上，穿过大平原，越过落基山脉，顺哥伦比亚河而下，到达太平洋）可知，探险队覆盖了从密西西比河到太平洋的地区。故选D。
C
In a recent study researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich（TUM）find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins. This is believed to be a direct result of the heat island effect, which is a situation where the temperature of the city is higher than the nearby rural areas. It’s mostly caused by the fact that buildings, roads, and many other things in the city take in a lot of sunlight and send out the sun’s heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. A secondary cause is waste heat produced by heavy uses of energy.
For the study, TUM researchers studied 1,400 trees in 10 cities around the world, which were found in both city centers and nearby rural areas. Based on tree ring study, researchers found that city trees are growing faster than their rural cousins. But before the 1960s, both city and rural trees grew at about the same speed.“We can show that city trees of the same age are generally larger than rural trees because they grow faster. While the difference is about a quarter at the age of 50, it is still just under 20% at a hundred years of age,” lead author Hanz Pretzch says.
Researchers from TUM also found that in some cities, higher-than-normal temperatures have led to growing seasons that are more than eight days longer than the norm. This sounds like a good thing. But while fast -growing city trees are busy taking in CO2and providing relief from the heat, they’ re also aging and dying at a faster speed than rural trees. As a result, these trees need to be replaced and replanted more frequently.
Considering the valuable “ecosystem services” that city trees provide, planning and management should follow to make a change with today’s tree growth speed. Pretzch and his team set out to perform the study largely in response to United Nation’s report that the world’s cities will experience population growth of more than 60% by 2030. And with such fast growth comes a great need for city trees that make these cities better places to live in.
8. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A. Cities need more trees to reduce the temperatures.
B. Humans lead to trees growing faster in cities.
C. Trees need scientific planting in rural areas.
D. Greenhouse effect is too serious in cities.
9. What can we learn from the findings of the research
A. Rural trees live twice longer than city trees.
B. City trees live for about 100 years at most.
C. Rural trees live much longer now than in the 1960s.
D. City trees grow faster at early years.
10. What is the result of city trees growing faster
A. Cities suffer more easily from natural disasters.
B. The temperatures in cities will fall greatly.
C. City trees have a shorter life circle.
D. More people move to rural areas.
11. Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A. Taking better care of urban trees
B. Planting more trees in urban areas
C. More researches to be done on urban trees
D. Urban trees growing faster than rural trees
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。德国慕尼黑工业大学的研究人员发现：城市树木的生长速度比乡村树木快25%，但它们也在以更快的速度老化和死亡。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“In a recent study, researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich （TUM） find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins. This is believed to be a direct result of the heat island effect, which is a situation where the temperature of the city is higher than the nearby rural areas” 在最近的一项研究中，德国慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研究人员发现，城市树木的生长速度比乡村树木快25%。这被认为是热岛效应的直接结果，即城市的温度高于附近的农村地区。可知，城市里面人比较多，会导致热岛效应，所以此段主要告诉了我们人类导致了城市里的树木生长得更快。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“While the difference is about a quarter at the age of 50, it is still just under 20% at a hundred years of age” 虽然在50岁时这一差距约为四分之一，但在100岁时这一差距仍略低于20%。由此可推知，城市树木在早期生长得更快。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But while fast -growing city trees are busy taking in CO2 and providing relief from the heat, they’ re also aging and dying at a faster speed than rural trees. As a result, these trees need to be replaced and replanted more frequently.” 但是，在城市里快速生长的树木忙于吸收二氧化碳和减轻热量的同时，它们也在以比乡村树木更快的速度老化和死亡。因此，这些树木需要更频繁地更换和重新种植。可推知，城市树木的生命周期变短了。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段开头“In a recent study, researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich （TUM） find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins.” 在最近一项研究中，德国慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研究人员发现，城市树木的生长速度比乡村树木快25%，可知本文主要是围绕“树木在城市里生长得更快”这个主题展开的。故选项D最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
D
A recent study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion connections in the brain o a three-year-old child.
Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at telling different sound patterns. The researchers produced images o the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example5one order was mu—ba—ba. This is the pattern "A -B— B”. Another order was mu—ba—ge. This is the pattern "A-B—C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the "A—B-B” pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive（敏感）to where it occurred in the order.
Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the base of words and grammar, "Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference： 'John caught the bear' is very different from 'The bear caught John.
Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones——no matter how educational—— doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to- face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish （辨别）between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies-regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio-learned nothing.
12. Why are early experiences so important to children according to the study
A. They can show connections in their brains.
B. They can increase new information of IQs.
C. They can offer children more attention,
D. They can help to develop their brains.
13. How was the research carried out
A. By recognizing babies5 different appearances.
B. By producing images of new words for babies,
C. By testing how babies' brains learn to speak language.
D. By checking babies' brains to identify different sound patterns.
14. Why is Gervain excited about the findings
A. Grammar is important in learning languages,
B. Different orders of sounds have different meanings.
C. The order of words comes from its grammar meaning.
D. Different languages have different grammar rules.
15. What is Patricia Kuhl most likely to agree
A. Learning Chinese is of great benefit to babies' brains.
B. Babies are better than adults in learning a foreign language.
C. Face-to-face communication can improve babies' brains.
D. Babies learn a lot from television, audio books or the Internet.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过研究表明，孩子们早期经历很重要。这些经历会影响大脑的发育。当孩子得到更多的关注时，他们的智商通常会更高。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“These experiences affect the development of the brain. ”（这些经历会影响大脑的发育。）可知，早期经历对孩子如此重要是因为它们可以帮助发育孩子的大脑。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at telling different sound patterns.”（研究人员朱迪特·格尔万测试了新生儿辨别不同声音模式的能力。）可知，这个研究是通过检查婴儿的大脑如何识别不同的声音模式来实施的。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the base of words and grammar, "Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference： 'John caught the bear' is very different from 'The bear caught John.”（Gervain对这些发现感到兴奋，因为声音的顺序是单词和语法的基础，“位置是语言的关键，”她说。“如果某件事是在开头还是在结尾，这有很大的不同:‘John caught the bear’和‘the bear caught John’是非常不同的。）可知，Gervain对这些发现感到兴奋的原因是不同顺序的声音有不同的含义。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to- face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish （辨别）between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies-regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio-learned nothing.”（他们希望，第一组看了中文视频的人和第二组面对面用同样的声音学习的人表现出同样的学习效果。相反，他们发现了巨大的差异。第二组的婴儿能够区分相似的汉语声音，也能区分母语的人。但是其他的宝宝——不管它们是看电视还是听音频，都没有学到东西）可知，接受面对面交流的宝宝大脑发育更好。所以Patricia Kuhl最可能认同面对面的交流可以改善婴儿的大脑。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can't Resist Junk Food Study Suggests You Try This Simple Trick
You're tired and hungry. Then you catch a whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. It is fried chicken!____16____A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
Let's take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes ____17____ And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e. g,cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g.strawberry smell).____18____That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
____19____When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced. The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you're feeling you don't have the will power to resist that French fries, it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two. ____20____
A. But wait a minute before you order.
B. It's a response that has been researched.
C. Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D. It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E. However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F. It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G. The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. G 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文，介绍了几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧。
【16题详解】
根据下一句“A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices."可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少两分钟会帮助你选择健康食品，所以本句与等待时间有关，表达“但是在预定之前先等一下”。故A选项“但是在预定之前先等一下”切题。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据前文连发的两个问句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被闻到时非常吸引人，那么在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢 根据下一句可知，这恰恰是要离开的时刻，可知，本句在表达“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了。”故D选项“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”切题。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据本段开头提示，可知一系列的实验结果表明暴露在垃圾食品的气味中多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，在进行客观结果描述，所以排除易错选项F，同时，下一句在解释闻到气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。可知空处所在句要表达大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显。故G选项“大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显”切题。故选选G。
【19题详解】
从下一句“当检测健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响。”可以得知空格内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故E选项“然而，健康食物的味道就不一样了。”切题。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据前句“it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two."（最简单的方法是坐在那里闻上一两分钟香甜的味道）与选项中“It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied. (闻到味道与吃到它是一样可以满足愿望的。)承接自然，话题一致。故选F。
第二部分：英语知识运用
完形填空(共 15 小题;每题1分，满分15分)
An experiment shows that a type of human behavior is conformity, which may be defined as a willingness to adopt the same behavior and attitudes as those seen in other people.
In order to experience a sense of belongings to a particular group, an individual may willingly ___21___ the group’s values and behavior. Often, however, an individual will conform to the behavior of those around him even when they are total ___22___ . It seems that many human beings don’t like to ___23___ in a crowd or seem to be different from those around them, and they have a strong ___24___ to conform to the behavior of other people simply to avoid making themselves ___25___ . People will also avoid becoming ___26___ a situation if they can shrug off their responsibility by ___27___ that someone else will do something. When an apparent murder took place outside a block of flats in New York, residents must have ___28___ or seen something, yet there was no ___29___ to the police and no one came out to help or investigate.
Another ____30____ showed that some people will change their opinion in order to conform to the majority ____31____ . A group of people were shown a picture of a series of lines and asked to choose those which were most ____32____ in length. All ____33____ one of the people in the group had been informed ____34____ to give a wrong answer. The one who had not been informed in advance did not know this and at first gave the correct answer. But, when he heard the others, he changed his mind and agreed to ____35____ that the others were right.
21. A. reject B. adopt C. adapt D. adjust
22. A. strangers B. friends C. opponents D. neighbors
23. A. put up B. rush out C. escape from D. stand out
24. A. instinct B. dream C. desire D. goal
25. A. confused B. unexpected C. desirable D. noticeable
26. A. involved in B. taken out C. isolated from D. ignorant of
27. A. estimating B. assuming C. planning D. assuring
28. A. investigated B. indicated C. heard D. confirmed
29. A. complaint B. hint C. comment D. call
30. A. experiment B. factor C. proposal D. description
31. A. view B. trust C. argument D. agreement
32. A. apart B. same C. likely D. alike
33. A. except B. besides C. including D. considering
34. A. definitely B. previously C. doubtfully D. clearly
35. A. refer B. decline C. accept D. suppose
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过两个实验证明人类行为中的从众心理。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了体验对特定群体的归属感，个人可能会自愿接受该群体的价值观和行为。A. reject拒绝；B. adopt采纳，收养；C. adapt适应；D. adjust校对，调整。根据“In order to experience a sense of belongings to a particular group”可知，为了体验特定群体的归属感，人们会自愿采纳该群体的价值观和行为。且上文的“which may be defined as a willingness to adopt the same behavior and attitudes as those seen in other people.”也是提示。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，通常情况下，一个人会遵从周围人的行为，即使他们完全是陌生人。A. strangers陌生人；B. friends朋友；C. opponents对手；D. neighbors邻居。Even表示语气的加深，此处指即使周围的是陌生人，人们也会尊崇他们的行为和价值观。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：似乎许多人不喜欢在人群中显眼，或者看起来与周围的人不同，他们有强烈的愿望去遵从他人的行为，只是为了避免让自己被注意到。A. put up张贴，举起；B. rush out冲出去；C. escape from逃脱；D. stand out突出，显眼。根据“seem to be different from those around them”推知，此处是指人们不希望在人群中变得很显眼。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. instinct本能；B. dream梦想；C. desire渴望，愿望；D. goal目标。根据上文“an individual will conform to the behavior of those around him”推知，人们又强烈的愿望去遵从其他人的行为。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同3小题。A. confused困惑的；B. unexpected意料之外的；C. desirable向往的，可取的，值得做的；D. noticeable引人注目的。根据“be different from those around them”和“simply to avoid making themselves”可知，人们遵从周围人的行为是为了避免让自己引人注目。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：如果人们可以通过假设其他人会做一些事情来摆脱自己的责任，那么他们也会避免卷入某个情况中。 A. involved in参与，卷入；B. taken out 拿出；C. isolated from孤立；D. ignorant of不知道。根据“if they can shrug off their responsibility”可知，此处是指避免卷入一些情况。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. estimating估计；B. assuming假设，猜测；C. planning计划，打算；D. assuring保证，确保。结合常识和“that someone else will do something.”可知，通过假设其他人会做相同的事情，人们就可以摆脱自己的责任。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当纽约一栋公寓楼外发生一起明显的谋杀案时，居民们一定听说或看到了什么，但没有人报案，也没有人出来帮助或调查。A. investigated调查；B. indicated暗示，表明；C. heard听见；D. confirmed确认。结合常识和“or seen”可知，谋杀案发生时周围的居民一定听到或看到了什么。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. complaint抱怨；B. hint提示，暗示，线索；C. comment评论；D. call电话。根据“no one came out to help or investigate.”可知，此处指没有邻居打电话向警方报案。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一项实验表明，一些人会改变他们的观点，以符合多数人的观点。A. experiment实验；B. factor因素；C. proposal提议，求婚；D. description描述。根据下文“A group of people were shown a picture of a series of lines and asked to choose those which were most ___12___ in length.”可知，这是一个实验。且上文“An experiment shows that a type of human behavior is conformity”也是暗示。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. view观点，景色；B. trust信任；C. argument争论；D. agreement同意，协议。根据“some people will change their opinion in order to conform to the majority”可知，此处指这个实验证明人们会改变自己的观点，以符合大多数人的观点，view和opinion是同义词复现。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一组人被展示了一系列线条的图片，并被要求选择长度最相似的线条。A. apart分开的；B. same相同的；C. likely可能的；D. alike相似的。结合常识可知，实验的目的是为了证明人们是否有从众心理，所以推知，所展示的线条长度要基本相似，这样才能验证出提供正确答案的那个人也具有从众心理。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：除一人外，小组中的所有人之前都被告知给出错误答案。A. except除了；B. besides除……之外还；C. including包括；D. considering考虑到，鉴于。根据下文“The one who had not been informed in advance did not know this and at first gave the correct answer.”可知，此处指除了一人外，其他所有人都被告知要给错误的答案，用except符合题意。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. definitely肯定，当然；B. previously从前，事先；C. doubtfully疑惑地；D. clearly清楚地。结合实验目的推知，其他人之前被告知要给错误答案。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当他听到其他人的意见时，他改变了主意，同意接受其他人是正确的。A. refer提到，指的是；B. decline下降，谢绝；C. accept接受；D. suppose假设。根据“he changed his mind”推知，此人接受其他人的答案是正确的。故选C。
第三部分 单项选择(共 35小题，每题1分，共35分)
36. — Can I pay the bill by check
— Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash.
A. can B. shall C. must D. need
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：—我能用支票付款吗？—对不起，我们酒店的管理规定是一定要用现金付款。情态动词can表示能力或客观可能性“会，可能”。 shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；must 表示义务、必须、必要；need作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。根据the management rule可知这里不是指有义务，必要付现金，而是表示管理规定命令。故选B。
37. Standing at the top of the mountain, we caught sight of a river _________ over 250 meters broad.
A. measured B. measuring C. measures D. is measured
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在山顶上，我们看到一条250多米宽的河。根据句意和句子结构，句子的谓语为caught sight of ，故设空处为非谓语动词。动词measure，意为“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”，与逻辑主语river为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故选B项。
38. It was not until the early 18th century _________ the importance of the event was generally realized.
A. what B. when C. whose D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到18世纪早期，人们才普遍认识到这一事件的重要性。分析句子可知，句中使用了强调句型，强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句中强调的是原句时间状语“not until the early 18th century”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故选D项。
39. —Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat messages
— Because my phone _________.
A. is dead B. had died C. died D. have died
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你为什么没有回复我的微信信息？——因为我的手机没电了。由前文的didn’t可知，讲述过去发生的事情，因此推断“手机没电”是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故选C。
40. _________ I _________ yesterday’s nucleic acid test, I _________ from traveling.
A. Had; taken; wouldn’t have been restricted B. Have; taken; wouldn’t be restricted
C. Did; take; wouldn’t be restricted D. Do; took; wouldn’t have been restricted.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：如果昨天做了核酸检测，我就不会被限制出行了。分析句子结构以及句意可知，该句为if引导的虚拟语气句型，结合时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此条件状语从句原句应为“If I had taken yesterday’s nucleic acid test”，又因从句中有助动词had，可以省略连词if，将助动词had置于句首，改为“Had I taken yesterday’s nucleic acid test”，同时，主句中用“情态动词+现在完成时”。故选A项。
41. Only when strong enough win respect in any corner of the world.
A. is the motherland; can every Chinese B. the motherland is; can every Chinese
C. is the motherland; every Chinese can D. the motherland is; every Chinese can
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句型。句意：只有祖国强大了，每个中国人才能在世界的任何角落赢得尊重。分析可知，本句为“only+状语”位于句首引起的半倒装句型，以when引导的时间状语从句中用陈述语序；主句用半倒装句型。故选B项。
42. The little boy was so happy _________ his father decided to interrupt the vacation in Shanghai.
A. until B. when C. as D. while
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：小男孩非常高兴，因为他的父亲决定中断在上海的假期。A. until直到；B. when当……时候；C. as因为；D. while当……时候。根据句意，前后为因果关系，用as“因为”引导原因状语从句。故选C项。
43. Pollution and the effects _________ has caused damage human beings constantly.
A. what B. that C. which D. it
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词的省略和代词作主语。句意：污染和它所造成的影响不断地伤害人类。分析句子结构可知“_________ has caused”为修饰限定the effects的定语从句，且从句中的谓语动词has caused是及物动词，所以从句既缺主语又缺宾语，再结合选项可知，it可作从句的主语，定语从句的关系词作宾语，且可以省略。故选D。
44. _________ as much as one-fourth of all trees harvested hadn’t been used proved to be false.
A. That B. What C. Why D. Whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：收获木材中四分之一没有被利用（的消息）被证实是假的。分析句子可知，_________ as much as one-fourth of all trees harvested hadn’t been used为主语从句，句式成分齐全，所以用从属连词that引导。故选A。
45. Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _____ by means of speech.
A. other B. another C. the other D. one another
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：当一个人用言语与另一个人交流他的思想时，知识就开始增长。other意为“别的，另外的”，只能与名词复数连用；another意为“另一个”，表示泛指；the other特指两个人或两个事物中的另外一个，one another表示三者或三者以上中的“彼此，相互”。根据句意可知，此处没有明确的范围，所以应为泛指，表示一个人与另一个人的交谈，应用不定代词another。故选B。
46. Every teacher and every student _________ that Taiwan is an inseparable part of us.
A. believe B. had believed C. believes D. have believed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：每一个老师和学生都相信台湾是我们不可分割的一部分。分析句子可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词is为一般现在时，结合句意可知，主句也应为一般现在时。and连接的两个名词前有every修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以此处谓语动词应为一般现在时单数形式。故选C项。
47. Taylor said: “_________ child as she is, Kate should put forward _________ most difficult question for us to answer.”
A. /; the B. a; the C. /; a D. the; a
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和冠词。句意：泰勒说:“虽然凯特还是个孩子，但她居然提出我们最难回答的问题。”分析句子可知，第一空处是as引导的让步状语从句倒装，其结构是名词（特别注意是不带冠词的）+as+主语+be。第二个空处是修饰形容词的最高级，需使用定冠词the。故选A。
48. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.
A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他乐于助人，别人向他求助时，即使有过这种情况，他也是很少拒绝的。A. if never如果从未发生过，指如果某件事没有发生过；B. if ever，ever表示频率，与上文的seldom对应，表示“如果曾经发生过”，属于为了避免重复省略了与上文相同的部分；C. if not如果不是，不然的话，指如果没有某件东西；D. if any即使有（也），如果有的话，表示即使有某件东西。结合语境，此处表达“他很少拒绝别人，即使有过的话”，指的是“即使有过拒绝别人这件事”，本题完整的表达为“if he ever refuses them”。故选B。
49. 8. 15 is a special number, _________, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.
A. what B. it C. which D. one
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：8.15是一个特殊的数字，我认为是一个将被中国人民永远记住的日子。A. what什么；B. it它；C. which哪一个；D. one一个。分析可知，I think是插入语，空处为number的同位语，泛指，表示“一个日子”应用代词one，定语从句that will be remembered by the Chinese people forever对one进行修饰限定。故选D。
50. The tourists came to the No. 1 pit of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses，eyes _________ upon these unique historical relics.
A. fixing B. fixed C. are fixed D. fix
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：游客们来到兵马俑1号坑，目不转睛地盯着这些独特的历史遗迹。根据句意和句子结构，设空处为独立主格结构，动词短语fix one’s eyes on /upon...，意为“目不转睛”，动词fix与逻辑主语eyes之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，故选B项。
51. The government is budgeting more and more money to those relatively backward rural areas to make better education and medical service _________ to the farmers.
A. reasonable B. sensible C. acceptable D. accessible
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：政府将越来越多的资金投入到相对落后的农村地区，使农民能够获得更好的教育和医疗服务。A. reasonable合乎情理的、通情达理的；B. sensible明智的、理智的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. accessible易使用的、易得到的。根据句意可知，政府将越来越多的资金投入到相对落后的地区，是为了让当地农民能获得更好的教育和医疗服务。accessible to为固定搭配，表示“易使用的、易得到的”。故选D项。
52. In Britain today women _________ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. hold up B. build up C. account for D. consist of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在今天的英国，妇女占劳动力的44%，几乎一半有孩子的母亲从事有报酬的工作。A. hold up支撑；B. build up建立；C. account for（数量或比例上）占；D. consist of包括。根据句意和空格后“44%”可知，句中指妇女占劳动力的44%，“account for”意为“（数量或比例上）占”，符合语境。故选C项。
53. Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times , it didn’t make any _____ to me.
A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：虽然我多次读了教授指定的这本书，但对我来说没有任何意义。A.meaning意义，意思；B.importance重要性；C.sense意义，好处；D.significance意义，重要性。 短语make sense 有意义；有道理。根据句意和语境，故选C。
54. My brother likes eating very much and he isn’t very _________ about the food he eats.
A. special B. aware C. particular D. unusual
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我弟弟特别喜欢吃，并且他不太挑食。A. special 特别的； B. aware明白的，意识到的； C. particular挑剔的，特殊的；D. unusual 不同寻常的。根据句意以及固定搭配be particular about“对……挑剔”，符合题意。故选C项。
55. A police came running and _________ the crowd.
A. broke up B. broke down C. broke out D. broke through
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：警察跑来驱散人群。A. broke up解体，驱散；B. broke down打破；C. broke out爆发；D. broke through突破。结合语意，警察跑过来，驱散人群，break up表示“驱散”，符合句意。故选A项。
56. Though _________ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管戴夫·米切尔在旧金山长大，但他更喜欢记录小城镇生活的简单事实。A. raised养育；B. grown成长；C. developed发展；D. cultivated培养。在when, while, if, as if, though (或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。结合句意，分析子可知，“Though _________ in San Francisco”是让步状语从句，原句为“Though Dave Mitchell was raised in San Francisco”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略Dave Mitchell was后，应保留过去分词raised。故选A。
57. The government’s strong actions demonstrated our _________ to uphold One-China principle.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府的有力行动显示了我们坚持一个中国原则的决心。A. energy能量；B. resistance抵制；C. courage勇气；D. determination决心。根据句意和空格前的strongactions（有力行动）以及空格后的to uphold One-China principle（坚持一个中国原则）可知，我们的行动展示的是我们坚持一个中国原则的决心，空格处应该填入determination。故选D项。
58. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _________ him of speeding.
A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. scold
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正驾车回家，警察拦住了他，指控他超速行驶。A. charged收(费)；B. accused谴责；C. blamed责怪；D. scold责骂。分析句子结构可知，此处考查动词短语搭配，charge一般和with搭配意为“控告”，accuse一般和of搭配意为“指责,控告，知空”，blame和scold一般和for搭配。根据下文的of，可知应该和accused连用。故选B项。
59. The boy _________ when he ran across the busy road in front of the bus.
A. pulled his weight B. had a frog in his throat
C. had a narrow escape D. braved the elements
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语搭配。句意：这个男孩在公共汽车前面跑过一条繁忙的马路，侥幸逃脱。A.pulled his weight 尽职；B.had a frog in his throat 说话困难；C.had a narrow escape 侥幸逃脱；D.braved the elements不惧困境。由后文“he ran across the busy road”可知，他应是“侥幸逃脱”。故选D项。
60. The child enjoyed _________ the wooden bricks and then knocking them down.
A. adding to B. putting forward C. piling up D. forming up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：那孩子喜欢把积木堆起来，然后把它们推倒。A. adding to增加；B. putting forward提出，向前移；C. piling up堆积，堆起；D. forming up将(某人)编入队伍。根据后文“knocking them down”可知，此处指堆起木块。故选B项。
61. （2015·湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent
C. identity D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】名词词义辨析。句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。
62. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A.whisper低声说，私语；B.signal发信号，（用手势）示意；C.signal（正式）宣称；D.complain抱怨。根据上文“she pointed her finger upwards”，可知是用手势示意，故选B。
63. Students are expected to dress _________, suitable for weather conditions, and in good taste.
A. accurately B. adequately C. essentially D. attractively
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：学生们要穿着得体，适应天气条件，有品位。A. accurately准确地、精确地；B. adequately足够地、合乎需要地；C. essentially本质上、大体上；D. attractively迷人地、有吸引力地。根据句意可知，此处指根据不同天气情况穿衣，还要具有良好品味，说明要衣着得体，应用adequately。故选B项。
64. There is no doubt _________ this candidate’s advantage _________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A. that; makes up B. whether; goes against
C. that; lies in D. whether; leaves out
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句的引导词和动词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。分析句子结构可知第一个空格用来引导同位语从句，且在从句不作成分。that引导同位语从句时，不作成分，也没有意义。whether引导同位语从句时，不作成分，但意为“是否”。句中no doubt意为“没有疑问”，所以后面不能加“是否”的意思，故第一个空用that。也可将“there is no doubt that…”句型按固定搭配去记忆。第二个空考查动词短语辨析。A. makes up组成，编造；B. goes against违反；C. lies in在于；D. leaves out遗漏，不考虑。根据语境可知，候选人的优势是在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。故选C。
65. The ladies spent some time _________ on each other’s health and families.
A. suffering from B. coming across
C. bringing up D. catching up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：女士们花了一些时间互相了解对方的健康和家庭状况。A.suffering from遭受；B. coming across偶遇 ；C.bringing up提出； D.catch up了解。由后文“each other’s health and families”可知，她们应该是在相互“了解”。故选D项。
66. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A. treated B. adjusted C. adopted D. reminded
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的相机可以调整，以在多云或阳光充足的情况下拍照。A.treated对待；B.adjusted调整；C.adopted采用；D.reminded提醒。由“to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions”可知，我的相机可以调整使它可以在多云或阳光充足的情况下拍照，空格处意为“调整”，故选B。
67. The girl refuse _________ anything that were second best.
A. to settle down B. to settle for
C. settling down D. settling for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个女孩拒绝勉强接受任何次好的东西。A. to settle down使安静下来；B. to settle for勉强接受；C. settling down使安静下来；D. settling for勉强接受。refuse to do sth.为固定结构，表示“拒绝做某事”，结合语意，女孩拒绝勉强接受次好的东西，settle for表示“勉强接受”，符合句意。故选B项。
68. The reason why he _________ the new situations quickly is that he has a _________ attitude.
A. adapted to; changeable B. adapted for; alternate
C. adapted for; movable D. adapted to; flexible
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词搭配和形容词词义辨析。句意：他快速适应新局面的原因是他拥有灵活的态度。A. adapted to适应；changeable可改变的，变化无常的；B. adapted for为……改编；alternate轮流的，供选择的；C. adapted for为……改编；movable可移动的；D. adapted to适应；flexible灵活的，柔韧的。根据语境可知，适应新局势和灵活的态度符合句意。故选D。
69. Everyone has a long and hard way to grow up _________ we have the glory to shine.
A. after B. before C. since D. as
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：每个人都要经历漫长而艰难的成长之路，才能拥有闪耀的荣光。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. since自从；D. as因为。根据句意可知，本句为before引导的时间状语从句，在能拥有闪耀的荣光之前，每个人都要经历漫长而艰难的成长之路。故选B项。
70. _________ climate changing, severe droughts and extreme heat are becoming more frequent.
A. On B. By C. With D. For
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：随着气候变化，严重干旱和极端高温越来越频繁。根据句意和句子结构可知，本句为with的复合结构：with+名词+现在分词。故选C项。
