齐齐哈尔市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试
英语试卷 原卷版
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
USA TODAY 10Best's Readers Choice Awards are currently on hold.We asked our readers to vote for the top events across six categories:music,general food,specialty food,film,cultural and emerging industries(founded in the past five years).These are some of the winners:
Kutztown Folk Festival
The nine-day Kutztown Folk Festival is the nation's oldest continuously operated folk life festival,drawing visitors from around the globe.A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.
Water Lantern Festival
The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.
Carnaval of Quebec
The Quebec Carnaval is a 10-day festival of winter,the world's largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行），ice skating,snow sculptures and a towering ice palace.Other highlighls include ice canoe racing,a sugar shack and iconic Caribou drinks.
San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade
San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade since just after the Gold Rush.The parade ranks among the best in the world, with 100 units,fancy costumes,fireworks and a 268-foot Golden Dragon,which takes a team of 100 men and women to march through the streets.It has become one of the largest events of its kind in the world,drawing some three million spectators and television viewers.
1. What can you see during Kutztown Folk Festival
A. Modern arts.
B. Quilts for sale.
C. Traditional weddings.
D. Shows on stage.
2. Which festival is meant to promote interpersonal relationships
A. Kutztown Folk Festival.
B. Carnaval of Quebec.
C. Water Lantern Festival.
D. San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade.
3. Carnaval of Quebec and San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade both...
A include special food
B. relate to parades
C. take place only at nights
D. have sculpture exhibitions
B
For six hours we shot through the landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I’d bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty—we hadn’t seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something moving next to me. I glanced in the mirror of the car; I glanced sideways to the right, and that was when I saw them. Next to us, by the side of the road, thirty, forty wild horses were racing the car, a cloud of dust rising behind them—brown, muscular horses almost close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn’t know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan: “Look!”, but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
“Wild horses ” he said. “Why didn’t you wake me up ”
“I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
“Are you sure you didn’t dream it ”
“You were the one who was sleeping!”
“Typical,” he said. “The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
4. During their journey in Africa, the two travelers ________.
A. made friends with local residents
B. complained about the poor living conditions
C. enjoyed the sunset in the Karoo desert most
D. recorded their experiences in different ways
5. What does the phrase “heroic forms” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Racing cars.
B. Wild horses.
C. Eye-catching locals.
D. Running dogs.
6. What did Daniel think when he woke up and was told what had happened
A. He always missed out on the best thing.
B. He had already taken beautiful pictures.
C. A sound sleep was more important.
D. The next trip would be better.
7. What is the passage mainly about
A. How to view wildlife in Africa.
B. Running into wildlife in Africa.
C. Tourist attractions in southern Africa.
D. Possible dangers of travelling in Africa.
C
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
8. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
9. What can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.
D. The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.
10. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. The Development of Robotic Fly
B. Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C. Harvard’s Efforts in Making Robotic Fly
D. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
D
Forests are always losers at the Olympics, and that’s unlikely to change anytime soon.
For the winter games in PyeongChang, South Korea, virgin forest was destroyed on Mount Gariwang to accommodate ski runs. For the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, a ski run is set to wipe out part of the Songshan National Nature Reserve. And let’s not forget the 240 acres of Atlantic Forest that were leveled for the 2016 games in Rio de Janeiro to make way for a golf course.
For the upcoming Tokyo games, environmental and human rights advocates have been raising alarms about the use of tropical (热带的) wood to build the New National stadium. Activists have fought against such environmental destruction. The damage is often permanent, threatens endangered plants and animals and in some cases, causes conflicts with native people. But frequently the country’s organizing committee, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have found ways to make it reasonable — despite a paragraph in the Olympic Charter (宪章) that states that the IOC’s role is to “encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues”.
“As it stands now, the IOC has little authority over a city’s local organizing committee, which finally plans the event, ” Chappelet, professor of public management at the University of Lausanne, told Earther. “Even if the IOC is dissatisfied with the way host cities have prepared for the games, they have no built-in systems to watch them so that they strictly follow the Olympic Charter.” The only thing they can do if they’re not happy is to withdraw (= take back) the right to organize the game. “But the IOC could include more enforcement (执行) systems into the contract they make with the host city,” he added. That contract must be signed and obeyed by everyone and those who break it must be fined.
Boykoff, the author of several books on the Olympics, suggested a similar solution. “The IOC could insist that host cities take their ecological (生态的) promises into account first, but instead they look the other way, time and time again,” he said.
12. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Popularity of the Olympics. B. Different needs of the Olympics.
C. Importance of protecting forests. D. Problems caused by the Olympics.
13. The IOC is expected to ______ according to the Olympic Charter.
A. lead the fight against destruction
B. withdraw the rights of host cities
C. ban the destruction of the environment
D. promote a responsible concern for the environment
14 The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. the IOC B. built-in systems
C. host cities D. the games
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. IOC Stresses Its Active Role B. Prized Forests Lost Big
C. Perfect Solutions are found D. Conflicts Arise at the Olympics
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How do actors and actresses memorize hundreds of lines Memorizing lines takes practice and constant repetition. However, there are a few ways to make the memorization process run smoothly and quickly.
___16___
For most performers, there is no quicker way of memorizing lines. To learn lines, an actor must recite the play loud over and over again. Most rehearsals(排练) encourage this by running through the lines or having a"read-through". By the time the opening night arrives, most actors have spoken their lines hundreds of times.
Listen to your cast members
Sometimes inexperienced actors spend rehearsals looking at fellow performers, waiting patiently to say their next line. ___17___. This will help the actors learn their lines better because the context of the dialogue is absorbing.
___18___
Because there is often not enough rehearsal time many performers find ways to listen to the play's dialogue during everyday activities. They use a tape recorder or an MP3 player to listen to the lines from each relevant scene. Some actors prefer to record the lines of all the characters, including their own lines. ___19___. Others like recording the lines of fellow cast members, and they leave a blank space so that they can insert their dialogue while listening to the recording.
Think positively and don't panic
Most actors will experience stage fright before the opening night. Actors forget lines now and then. When it happens, however, most of the time the audience never notice. If you forget a line in the middle of your performance, don't freeze. Stay in character. Keep the scene going to the best of your ability. If unfortunately you forget a line once, you will probably never forget that line ever again. ___20___.
A. Record your lines
B. Practice makes perfect
C. Read lines loud and repeat them
D. Remember the lines in a short time
E. Sometimes embarrassment is the toughest method of memorization
F. Then, they not only listen carefully, but they also speak all of the lines
G. Instead, they should be listening carefully, responding in character at all times
第二部分 语言知识运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空 (共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s fortunate for children to have siblings(兄弟姐妹) accompanying them. And the kids would be luckier to have a brother as_____21_____as Christian Hamerter. The 1l-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar after finding Skylar was_____22_____by their dad.
In the days leading up to the_____23_____in March, it was all Skylar was_____24_____for, talking about it all day. On the other hand, her mom Trelysia felt more and more_____25_____. At this time of year, their father is always fully_____26_____in official duties. He didn’t attend last year’s dance due to a conference, _____27_____having made a promise. Then, she was right to be worried. On the big day, _____28_____, his father was sent abroad on business. “It was_____29_____that he failed to go there for a second year. Skylar______30______because she had her heart set on going.” Trelysia wrote in a______31______. “I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably.”
That’s when Christian______32______! The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special. And he picked out a suit and gold tie, a perfect______33______for Skylar’s gold dress. “The action filled me with______34______,” the mother wrote, “for 1 just know that I’m______35______a kind man──and an amazing father one day. He has______36______that he can be.” Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad’s______37______. Even better, now she knows her brother would always come to her______38______.
The post warmed hearts of the people it ______39______and picked up more than 110,000 reactions______40______the sweet gesture.
21. A. enthusiastic B. generous C. considerate D. intelligent
22. A. left behind B. misunderstood C. set apart D. cheated
23. A. result B. event C. opportunity D. scene
24. A. concerned B. competent C. ready D. eager
25 A. anxiety B. curiosity C. satisfaction D. confusion
26. A. caught B. skilled C. occupied D. disappointed
27. A. since B. except C. without D. although
28. A. worse still B. sure enough C. as usual D. for example
29. A. unexpected B. uncertain C. unquestioned D. unlikely
30. A. wept B. complained C. argued D. apologized
31. A. magazine B. diary C. book D. post
32. A. moved on B. stepped forward C. took off D. backed away
33. A. substitute B. match C. symbol D. demand
34. A. relief B. appreciation C. pride D. confidence
35. A. seeking B. changing C. affecting D. raising
36. A. proved B. promised C. agreed D. explained
37. A. wish B. practice C. assistance D. company
38 A. rescue B. notice C. knowledge D. defense
39. A. united B. reached C. convinced D. informed
40. A. evaluating B. instructing C. celebrating D. recording
第二节 单句填空 (共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
在每题空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
41. I must warn you that my patience is almost coming to______ end．（根据句意填空）
42. The girl kept working hard and gained ________ (admit) to the world-famous university.（所给词的适当形式填空）
43. Today, people are paying more and more attention to their health, ______ (make) books on keeping healthy extremely hot．（所给词的适当形式填空）
44. It is the third time that he______( visit) our beautiful city Harbin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
45. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ______walking, cycling or swimming. （根据句意填空）
46. Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ________ makes me feel so proud. （根据句意填空）
47. ______ (raise) people’s living standards, the central government will take more measures in the coming years.（所给词的适当形式填空）
48. Give me a chance, ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. (用适当的词填空)
49. As time ________(go) by, she became more and more anxious about her son's safety.（所给词的适当形式填空）
50. A person, when______ (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability.（所给词的适当形式填空）
第三节 语篇填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wasting food has become a big problem in the developed world. While some people there throw away unwanted food, people in other ___51___ (part) of the world face food shortages. It’s an ___52___ (astonish) fact that a third of the world’s food is wasted each year, which is enough ___53___ (feed) a billion hungry people. Most of the wasted food ___54___ (bury) in the landfill sites. ___55___ (lucky), this causes greenhouse gases which eventually lead to global warming and climate change. In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to deal with ___56___ problem. She thinks people shouldn’t waste food, ___57___ rich they are. She persuaded some supermarkets to stop selling their goods ___58___ (tie) together so that people bought only what they needed. Also, she produced a leftovers cookbook and set up an education program in schools, ___59___ food waste was rather common. Now the effects are quite noticeable. Clearly, we need to think twice when we put something in our shopping basket, and we should make the most of the food we have—use up our leftovers or even share our extra food ____60____ our friends and neighbors.
第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)
61. 假定你是李华，在英国做交换生，你所在的中学要举办国际文化周活动，现就活动所用展品向全校征集建议。请你给负责人Mr. Jefferson写信。内容包括：
1.推荐一种中国传统艺术品；
2.推荐原因；
3.期待回复。
注意：
1.词数100词左右
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。齐齐哈尔市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试
英语试卷 解析版
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
USA TODAY 10Best's Readers Choice Awards are currently on hold.We asked our readers to vote for the top events across six categories:music,general food,specialty food,film,cultural and emerging industries(founded in the past five years).These are some of the winners:
Kutztown Folk Festival
The nine-day Kutztown Folk Festival is the nation's oldest continuously operated folk life festival,drawing visitors from around the globe.A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.
Water Lantern Festival
The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.
Carnaval of Quebec
The Quebec Carnaval is a 10-day festival of winter,the world's largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行），ice skating,snow sculptures and a towering ice palace.Other highlighls include ice canoe racing,a sugar shack and iconic Caribou drinks.
San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade
San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade since just after the Gold Rush.The parade ranks among the best in the world, with 100 units,fancy costumes,fireworks and a 268-foot Golden Dragon,which takes a team of 100 men and women to march through the streets.It has become one of the largest events of its kind in the world,drawing some three million spectators and television viewers.
1. What can you see during Kutztown Folk Festival
A. Modern arts.
B. Quilts for sale.
C. Traditional weddings.
D. Shows on stage.
2. Which festival is meant to promote interpersonal relationships
A. Kutztown Folk Festival.
B. Carnaval of Quebec.
C. Water Lantern Festival.
D San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade.
3. Carnaval of Quebec and San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade both...
A. include special food
B. relate to parades
C. take place only at nights
D. have sculpture exhibitions
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《今日美国》评选的十佳读者选择奖，列举了几个榜上有名的重大事件和活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.”可知，在这一节庆活动中包括全美最大型的被子展销。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.”可知，这一节庆活动中，人们可以通过灯笼来传达各种感情，借此增进人与人之间的联系。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“the world's largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行）”和第五段中“San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade”可知，两个事件中都有游行活动。故选B项。
B
For six hours we shot through the landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I’d bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty—we hadn’t seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something moving next to me. I glanced in the mirror of the car; I glanced sideways to the right, and that was when I saw them. Next to us, by the side of the road, thirty, forty wild horses were racing the car, a cloud of dust rising behind them—brown, muscular horses almost close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn’t know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan: “Look!” but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
“Wild horses ” he said. “Why didn’t you wake me up ”
“I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
“Are you sure you didn’t dream it ”
“You were the one who was sleeping!”
“Typical,” he said. “The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
4. During their journey in Africa, the two travelers ________.
A. made friends with local residents
B. complained about the poor living conditions
C. enjoyed the sunset in the Karoo desert most
D. recorded their experiences in different ways
5. What does the phrase “heroic forms” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Racing cars.
B. Wild horses.
C. Eye-catching locals.
D. Running dogs.
6. What did Daniel think when he woke up and was told what had happened
A. He always missed out on the best thing.
B. He had already taken beautiful pictures.
C. A sound sleep was more important.
D. The next trip would be better.
7. What is the passage mainly about
A. How to view wildlife in Africa.
B. Running into wildlife in Africa.
C. Tourist attractions in southern Africa.
D. Possible dangers of travelling in Africa.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者用文字和丹尼尔用相机记录下的非洲之旅，有一晚被一群野马追逐的景观。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done．He used a camera．I used words．”（丹尼尔和我只是想记住我们所看到和做过的一切。他用的是照相机。我使用单词。）可知，在非洲的旅途中，这两位旅行者用不同的方式记录他们的经历。 故选D。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“ They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.‘Wild horses ’ he said. ”（它们和汽车赛跑跑了几秒钟，然后就远远地消失在我们身后，成为红色风景中英雄形象的记忆。一个小时后丹尼尔醒来，我告诉他发生了什么事。“野马 ’他说。”）可知 “heroic forms”应该指追汽车的野马。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The best photos are the ones we never take．”（最好的照片就是那些我们没有拍到的照片。）可知，当丹尼尔醒来被告知发生了什么事时他在想他总是错过最好的东西。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“I shouted to Dan: “Look!”, but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.”（我对丹喊道:“看!，但他已经睡得很熟了，他的相机就放在脚边，毫无用处。它们和汽车赛跑跑了几秒钟，然后就远远地消失在我们身后，成为红色风景中英雄形象的记忆。一个小时后丹尼尔醒来，我告诉他发生了什么事。）可知，文章主要叙述了我们在晚上被一群野马追逐的景观，所以文章的大意是Running into wildlife in Africa。故选B。
【点睛】
C
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
8 Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
9. What can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.
D. The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.
10. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. The Development of Robotic Fly
B. Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C. Harvard’s Efforts in Making Robotic Fly
D. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发，创造了第一只机器苍蝇。文章还说明了设计这种机械苍蝇遇到的困难和该飞行装置的应用区域，这种设计为研究飞行力学和昆虫控制提供了一种新方法
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.（他说:“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难，那就是这些组件都不是现成的，所以我们必须自己开发。”）可知工程师们在让机器人飞行时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.（当这第一个机器人飞行器连接到一个小型的，外置的电源时，它的目标是最终给它配备一个内置的电源，这样它可能有一天在救援地点，在农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。）可推知机器苍蝇目前只能在有限的区域飞行。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.（“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题，你知道，用动物很难做到的方式来研究生物学，但可以用这些机器人来代替，”他说。）可知伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.（哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发，创造了第一只机器苍蝇。机械苍蝇已经成为一系列高新技术集成系统的平台。这台小型机器的设计初衷是让苍蝇能很自然地做它们该做的事情，但它的体积只有一只家蝇那么大。）以及文章主要内容围绕着机械苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作，故D选项符合文章标题。故选D。
D
Forests are always losers at the Olympics, and that’s unlikely to change anytime soon.
For the winter games in PyeongChang, South Korea, virgin forest was destroyed on Mount Gariwang to accommodate ski runs. For the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, a ski run is set to wipe out part of the Songshan National Nature Reserve. And let’s not forget the 240 acres of Atlantic Forest that were leveled for the 2016 games in Rio de Janeiro to make way for a golf course.
For the upcoming Tokyo games, environmental and human rights advocates have been raising alarms about the use of tropical (热带的) wood to build the New National stadium. Activists have fought against such environmental destruction. The damage is often permanent, threatens endangered plants and animals and in some cases, causes conflicts with native people. But frequently the country’s organizing committee, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have found ways to make it reasonable — despite a paragraph in the Olympic Charter (宪章) that states that the IOC’s role is to “encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues”.
“As it stands now, the IOC has little authority over a city’s local organizing committee, which finally plans the event, ” Chappelet, professor of public management at the University of Lausanne, told Earther. “Even if the IOC is dissatisfied with the way host cities have prepared for the games, they have no built-in systems to watch them so that they strictly follow the Olympic Charter.” The only thing they can do if they’re not happy is to withdraw (= take back) the right to organize the game. “But the IOC could include more enforcement (执行) systems into the contract they make with the host city,” he added. That contract must be signed and obeyed by everyone and those who break it must be fined.
Boykoff, the author of several books on the Olympics, suggested a similar solution. “The IOC could insist that host cities take their ecological (生态的) promises into account first, but instead they look the other way, time and time again,” he said.
12. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Popularity of the Olympics. B. Different needs of the Olympics.
C. Importance of protecting forests. D. Problems caused by the Olympics.
13. The IOC is expected to ______ according to the Olympic Charter.
A. lead the fight against destruction
B. withdraw the rights of host cities
C. ban the destruction of the environment
D. promote a responsible concern for the environment
14. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. the IOC B. built-in systems
C. host cities D. the games
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. IOC Stresses Its Active Role B. Prized Forests Lost Big
C. Perfect Solutions are found D. Conflicts Arise at the Olympics
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在举办奥运会的时候，森林经常被破坏，而且这种情况短期里难以改变。国际奥委会也难以限制主办城市破坏森林的行为。
【12题详解】
段落大意题。在本段里作者列举了平昌冬奥会、北京冬奥会以及里约奥运会为了修建奥运场馆，都对森林资源的有了很大破坏。所以本段主要讲述的是奥运会带来的问题。故D项正确。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have found ways to make it reasonable — despite a paragraph in the Olympic Charter (宪章) that states that the IOC’s role is to “encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues”.可知奥林匹克宪章里说明了奥运会的作用之一就是鼓励和支持处理好环境问题。故D项正确。
【14题详解】
代词指代题。本句“Even if the IOC is dissatisfied with the way host cities have prepared for the games, they have no built-in systems to watch them so that they strictly follow the Olympic Charter.”告诉我们即使奥委会对于主办城市准备奥运会方法不满，奥委会也没有方法监视他们，让这些主办城市遵守奥运会宪章。所以句中的they指奥运会的举办城市。故C项正确。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据本文第一段“Forests are always losers at the Olympics, and that’s unlikely to change anytime soon.”可知在举办奥运会的时候，森林经常被破坏，而且这种情况短期里难以改变。第二段里举例说明具体情况，后三段告诉我们国际奥委会对于主办城市破坏森林的行为难以限制。ACD三项与文章内容联系不紧，B项与主旨一致。
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How do actors and actresses memorize hundreds of lines Memorizing lines takes practice and constant repetition. However, there are a few ways to make the memorization process run smoothly and quickly.
___16___
For most performers, there is no quicker way of memorizing lines. To learn lines, an actor must recite the play loud over and over again. Most rehearsals(排练) encourage this by running through the lines or having a"read-through". By the time the opening night arrives, most actors have spoken their lines hundreds of times.
Listen to your cast members
Sometimes inexperienced actors spend rehearsals looking at fellow performers, waiting patiently to say their next line. ___17___. This will help the actors learn their lines better because the context of the dialogue is absorbing.
___18___
Because there is often not enough rehearsal time, many performers find ways to listen to the play's dialogue during everyday activities. They use a tape recorder or an MP3 player to listen to the lines from each relevant scene. Some actors prefer to record the lines of all the characters, including their own lines. ___19___. Others like recording the lines of fellow cast members, and they leave a blank space so that they can insert their dialogue while listening to the recording.
Think positively and don't panic
Most actors will experience stage fright before the opening night. Actors forget lines now and then. When it happens, however, most of the time the audience never notice. If you forget a line in the middle of your performance, don't freeze. Stay in character. Keep the scene going to the best of your ability. If unfortunately you forget a line once, you will probably never forget that line ever again. ___20___.
A. Record your lines
B. Practice makes perfect
C. Read lines loud and repeat them
D. Remember the lines in a short time
E. Sometimes embarrassment is the toughest method of memorization
F. Then, they not only listen carefully, but they also speak all of the lines
G. Instead, they should be listening carefully, responding in character at all times
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文，我们常常在观看戏剧时发现男主角或女主角在演戏的时候台词对答如流，一点差错也没有。是演员们的记忆力好，还是他们有特殊的记忆方法？本篇文章为你揭晓其中的奥秘。
【16题详解】
空处为本段的小标题。根据下文中的For most performers, there is no quicker way of memorizing lines. To learn lines, an actor must recite the play loud over and over again. “对于大多数演员来说，没有更快速地记忆台词的方法。要学会台词，一个演员必须反复地大声背诵这个剧目"可知，C项"大声朗诵台词并且重复台词"符合语境。因此选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文中Sometimes inexperienced actors spend rehearsals looking at fellow performers, waiting patiently to say their next line.的"有时缺乏经验的演员们用排练的时间看着其他的演员们，耐心地等待着去说他们的下一句台词"和空后的内容可知，此处应是缺乏经验的演员们的正确的做法。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据下文中的"record the lines of all the characters"和"recording the lines of fellow cast members"可知，A项“记住你的台词”适合作为本段的小标题，故选A。
【19题详解】
空前内容Some actors prefer to record the lines of all the characters, including their own lines.说一些演员喜欢录下所有角色的台词，包括他们自己的。故此处应该说这样做的好处，即接下来他们不仅仔细听，而且说所有的台词。承接上文，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文中的"If unfortunately you forget a line once, you will probably never forget that line ever again"可知如果你不幸有一次忘记了一句台词，可能你再也不会忘记了，表示尴尬可能帮助记忆，故E选项，有时尴尬就是记忆最艰难的方法，切题，所以选E。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空 (共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s fortunate for children to have siblings(兄弟姐妹) accompanying them. And the kids would be luckier to have a brother as_____21_____as Christian Hamerter. The 1l-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar after finding Skylar was_____22_____by their dad.
In the days leading up to the_____23_____in March, it was all Skylar was_____24_____for, talking about it all day. On the other hand, her mom Trelysia felt more and more_____25_____. At this time of year, their father is always fully_____26_____in official duties. He didn’t attend last year’s dance due to a conference, _____27_____having made a promise. Then, she was right to be worried. On the big day, _____28_____, his father was sent abroad on business. “It was_____29_____that he failed to go there for a second year. Skylar______30______because she had her heart set on going.” Trelysia wrote in a______31______. “I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably.”
That’s when Christian______32______! The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special. And he picked out a suit and gold tie, a perfect______33______for Skylar’s gold dress. “The action filled me with______34______,” the mother wrote, “for 1 just know that I’m______35______a kind man──and an amazing father one day. He has______36______that he can be.” Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad’s______37______. Even better, now she knows her brother would always come to her______38______.
The post warmed hearts of the people it ______39______and picked up more than 110,000 reactions______40______the sweet gesture.
21. A. enthusiastic B. generous C. considerate D. intelligent
22. A. left behind B. misunderstood C. set apart D. cheated
23. A. result B. event C. opportunity D. scene
24. A. concerned B. competent C. ready D. eager
25. A. anxiety B. curiosity C. satisfaction D. confusion
26. A. caught B. skilled C. occupied D. disappointed
27. A. since B. except C. without D. although
28. A. worse still B. sure enough C. as usual D. for example
29. A. unexpected B. uncertain C. unquestioned D. unlikely
30. A. wept B. complained C. argued D. apologized
31. A. magazine B. diary C. book D. post
32. A. moved on B. stepped forward C. took off D. backed away
33. A. substitute B. match C. symbol D. demand
34. A. relief B. appreciation C. pride D. confidence
35. A. seeking B. changing C. affecting D. raising
36. A. proved B. promised C. agreed D. explained
37. A. wish B. practice C. assistance D. company
38. A. rescue B. notice C. knowledge D. defense
39. A. united B. reached C. convinced D. informed
40. A. evaluating B. instructing C. celebrating D. recording
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了父亲被派国外出差，11岁的哥哥Christian代替父亲，陪7岁的妹妹Skylar参加父女舞会的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词。句意：孩子们要是有个像 Christian Hamerter这么体贴的哥哥就更幸运了。A. enthusiastic热情的，热心的； B. generous 慷慨的，大方的；C. considerate体贴的；D. intelligent聪明的。结合下文：The 1l-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar 11岁的哥哥陪同7岁的妹妹参加了父女舞会。可得知：哥哥对妹妹的体贴。选项C符合题意。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这个11岁的男孩，在发现Skylar 被父亲留下，未参加舞会后，和他7岁的妹妹 Skylar 一起参加了父女舞会。 A. left behind留下； B. misunderstood 误解；C. set apart使与众不同；D. cheated欺骗。结合下文On the big day, _____8_____ , his father was sent abroad on business.，可以得知，父亲被外派国外出差，所以父亲不能去参加舞会，也就留下了妹妹。选项A符合题意。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：在三月活动的前几天，这是 Skylar 一直渴望的，她整天都在谈论这件事。A. result结果； B. event事情； C. opportunity机会； D. scene场景，景象。结合上一句，哥哥带着妹妹参加了父女舞会，所以此处指的就是这次舞会，选项B符合题意。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。A. concerned关心； B. competent有能力的，能胜任的； C. ready现成的，准备好； D. eager渴望的。根据本句中talking about it all day可知，对这次舞会，妹妹是可期待的。选项D符合题意。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：另一方面，她妈妈 Trelysia 越来越焦虑。A. anxiety担心； B. curiosity好奇心；C. satisfaction满意；D. confusion困惑。结合下文Then, she was right to be worried.随后，她的担心是对的。可以得知，此处表示妈妈对此很担心。选项A符合题意。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每年这个时候，他们的父亲总是忙于公务。A. caught 被抓住的；B. skilled熟练的； C. occupied被占用的； D. disappointed失望的。结合下一句He didn’t attend last year’s dance due to a conference他去年因为一个会议没有参加舞会，可知，他是忙于工作。选项C符合题意。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：他去年因为一个会议没有参加舞会，尽管已经答应了。A. since自从……时候；B. except 除……之外；C. without 没有；D. although尽管。根据下文It was _____9_____ that he failed to go there for a second year.这是他又一次不能去参加舞会，可知，父亲答应要参加这次舞会的。选项D符合题意。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查短语。句意：在那个重要的日子里，他的父亲被派往国外出差。 A. worse still 更为糟糕的是；B. sure enough 果然，果真；C. as usual像往常一样；D. for example例如。结合上文At this time of year, their father is always fully _____6_____ in official duties，可知每年的这个时候父亲都是忙于工作，因而，此次被派出国外出差是确定的。选项B符合题意，故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，这是他又一次不能去参加舞会。A. unexpected意料之外的； B. uncertain 不确定的； C. unquestioned 毫无疑问的，无可争议的；D. unlikely不可能的。根据上一句，his father was sent abroad on business，他的父亲被派到国外出差，可知此处不能参加舞会是确定无疑的，选项C符合题意。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：Skylar 哭了，因为她一心想去。 A. wept流泪，哭泣； B. complained 埋怨；C. argued争论，争辩； D. apologized道歉。根据下文：“I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably.” 我感觉很糟糕，也控制不住地哭了。可以得出，此处表示Skylar哭了。选项A符合题意，故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：Trelysia 在一篇文章中写道，“我感觉很糟糕，也控制不住地哭了。”A. magazine杂志； B. diary日记；C. book 书；D. post帖子，博文。结合下文The post warmed hearts of the people这封帖子温暖了人们的心，可知此处，Trelysia是在帖子中写到。选项D符合题意。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：那时候 Christian 站出来了。 A. moved on继续前进； B. stepped forward 站出来；C. took off脱掉； D. backed away后退。根据下文The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special. 大哥哥想让妹妹感到被爱和特别。以及接下来哥哥得一系列举动，可知，哥哥扮演了父亲的角色，所以，此处表示哥哥Christian走上前来。选项B符合题意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：他选了一套西装和一条金色领带，和 Skylar 的金色裙子完美搭配。A. substitute替代；B. match匹配； C. symbol标志； D. demand要求。根据语境，哥哥得穿着和妹妹的裙子是完美搭配的。选项B符合题意。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个行为让我感到自豪。 A. relief 宽慰，欣慰；B. appreciation 感激；C. pride 骄傲；D. confidence信心。结合下文the mother wrote, “for 1 just know that I’m _____15_____ a kind man──and an amazing father one day.某一天，儿子会成为一位令人惊讶的父亲，可知，此处儿子的举动是让妈妈感到很骄傲。选项C符合题意。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：母亲写道，“我只知道，我养育了一个善良的人，和一个令人惊奇的父亲。 A. seeking搜寻，寻找；B. changing改变； C. affecting影响； D. raising养育。根据本句后半句an amazing father one day某一天儿子会成为一个令人惊讶的父亲，可以得出，现在作为母亲，是在养育着这样一个善良的儿子。选项D符合题意。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：他已经证明了他可以。 A. proved证明 ；B. promised 承诺，答应；C. agreed 同意；D. explained解释。结合下一句Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad’s _____17_____ .没有父亲陪同，Skylar和Christian在舞会上玩的很开心。可以得出，儿子代替父亲陪妹妹去参加舞会是成功的，这充分证明了儿子的爱，选项A符合题意。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：没有父亲陪同，Skylar和Christian在舞会上玩的很开心。 A. wish祝愿； B. practice练习，实践； C. assistance帮助； D. company陪伴。由上文知道，因为父亲被派到国外出差，儿子代替父亲陪妹妹去参加了舞会，所以是父亲没有陪同。选项D符合题意。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：更好的是，现在她知道，她哥哥总会来救她。A. rescue营救； B. notice注意； C. knowledge 知识； D. defense保卫。come to sb’s rescue 挽救（搭救）某人，come to notice, 开始注意；come to knowledge了解知识；come to sb’s defense 替某人辩护。结合句子语境，可知，此处表示妹妹Skylar感受到哥哥Christians是在她有困难时求救的对象，所以，选项A符合题意。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：这个帖子温暖了人们的心，收到了超过110,000个为此甜蜜的姿态的回应。 A. united联合； B. reached 到达；C. convinced使信服； D. informed告知。根据语境，妈妈是把这件事情发到了网络上，任何人都可以读到。所以此处表示网上上看到这个帖子的人。选项B符合题意。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。A. evaluating评价；B. instructing 指导；C. celebrating赞美，颂扬；D. recording录制。结合文章知道，妈妈发帖到网络上使许多人看到了哥哥对妹妹的爱。这份爱是被赞扬的。选项C符合题意。故选C项。
第二节 单句填空 (共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
在每题空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
41. I must warn you that my patience is almost coming to______ end．（根据句意填空）
【答案】an
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：我必须警告你，我的耐心快到头了。表示“结束”短语为come to an end。故填an。
42. The girl kept working hard and gained ________ (admit) to the world-famous university.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】admission
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个女孩一直努力学习，获得了世界著名大学的录取。空处应填一个名词作gained的宾语，admission意为“入学（许可）”，故填admission。
43. Today, people are paying more and more attention to their health, ______ (make) books on keeping healthy extremely hot．（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】making
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，人们越来越关注他们的健康，这使得关于健康的书大热。空处应使用非谓语动词，逻辑主语是空前整句内容，动词make与其之间是主谓关系，应使用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。
44. It is the third time that he______( visit) our beautiful city Harbin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】has visited
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这是他第三次参观我们美丽的城市哈尔滨了。在“It is the third time+that从句”句型中，主句使用一般现在时，从句中应使用现在完成时，从句主语是he，故填has visited。
45. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ______walking, cycling or swimming. （根据句意填空）
【答案】than
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管有规律地跑步不能让你长生不老，但该研究指出，在延长寿命方面，跑步比步行、骑自行车或游泳更有效。根据上文more effective 可知为形容词比较级，与介词than搭配，表示“比……”。故填than。
46. Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ________ makes me feel so proud. （根据句意填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们的国家以惊人的速度发展，这是让我感到如此自豪之处。空处引导一个表语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应使用what引导，故填what。
47. ______ (raise) people’s living standards, the central government will take more measures in the coming years.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】To raise
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高人们的生活水平，中央政府在接下来的几年会采取更多措施。结合句意可知此处表示目的，应使用动词不定式作目的状语，注意句首单词的首字母大写，故填To raise。
48. Give me a chance, ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】and
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，前句表示一种条件或假设，表示如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果。故填and。
49. As time ________(go) by, she became more and more anxious about her son's safety.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】went
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越担心她儿子的安全。go在从句中作谓语，根据后文became可知应用一般过去时。故填went。
50. A person, when______ (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】challenged
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个人在受到挑战时，通常可以做超出他能力的事情。分析句子结构可知challeng在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语person构成被动关系， 故应用过去分词作状语。故填challenged。
第三节 语篇填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wasting food has become a big problem in the developed world. While some people there throw away unwanted food, people in other ___51___ (part) of the world face food shortages. It’s an ___52___ (astonish) fact that a third of the world’s food is wasted each year, which is enough ___53___ (feed) a billion hungry people. Most of the wasted food ___54___ (bury) in the landfill sites. ___55___ (lucky), this causes greenhouse gases which eventually lead to global warming and climate change. In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to deal with ___56___ problem. She thinks people shouldn’t waste food, ___57___ rich they are. She persuaded some supermarkets to stop selling their goods ___58___ (tie) together so that people bought only what they needed. Also, she produced a leftovers cookbook and set up an education program in schools, ___59___ food waste was rather common. Now the effects are quite noticeable. Clearly, we need to think twice when we put something in our shopping basket, and we should make the most of the food we have—use up our leftovers or even share our extra food ____60____ our friends and neighbors.
【答案】51. parts
52. astonishing
53. to feed
54. is buried
55. Unluckily
56. the 57. however
58. tied 59. where
60. with
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了浪费食物已经成为发达国家的一个大问题。当那里的一些人扔掉不想要的食物时，世界其他地方的人们却面临着食物短缺。令人震惊的是，每年世界上三分之一的食物被浪费，这些食物足够养活10亿饥饿的人。在丹麦一个名为Selina Juul的妇女一直在努力解决这个问题，并说明了他所做出的一些努力。
【51题详解】
考查名词的数。part为可数名词，此处表示“世界其他地区”应用复数。故填parts。
【52题详解】
考查形容词。修饰后文名词fact应用-ing结尾形容词astonishing，作定语，表示“令人惊讶的”。故填astonishing。
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：令人震惊的是，每年世界上三分之一的食物被浪费，这些食物足够养活10亿饥饿的人。结合句意表示“足够做某事”短语为be enough to do sth.。故填to feed。
【54题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。主语food与bury之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为Most of the wasted food，可知“most of the +单数名词”，谓语动词要用单数形式。故填is buried。
【55题详解】
考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词unluckily，作状语，表示“不幸地是”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Unluckily。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。此处特指上文中提到的食物浪费的问题，故problem前要用定冠词the。故填the。
【57题详解】
考查连接词。句意：无论你多么的富有，我们都不应该浪费食物。此处为让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”应用however引导。故填however。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知tie在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语goods构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填tied。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词schools，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。故填where。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：显然，当我们把东西放进购物篮时，我们需要三思而后行，我们应该充分利用我们所拥有的食物——吃光我们的剩菜，甚至与我们的朋友和邻居分享我们多余的食物。结合句意表示“与……分享”短语为share sth. with sb.。故填with。
第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)
61. 假定你是李华，在英国做交换生，你所在的中学要举办国际文化周活动，现就活动所用展品向全校征集建议。请你给负责人Mr. Jefferson写信。内容包括：
1.推荐一种中国传统艺术品；
2.推荐原因；
3.期待回复。
注意：
1.词数100词左右
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Mr. Jefferson,
I’m so glad to learn the International Culture Weekly will be held in our school. I’d like to recommend one of traditional Chinese art forms---paper--cutting.
As we all know, Chinese paper--cutting is one of the most popular folk art forms. Traditional paper cuttings are also called window decorations, which are first put on the windows to create the pleasant atmosphere. Nowadays, the art has evolved uniquely to adapt to different cultural styles and presented multiple social values.
I will be honored if my recommended art form is on show. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，给学校国际文化周活动的负责人推荐一种中国传统艺术品。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 表明写信意图（推荐艺术品）
2. 阐述推荐理由
3. 期待对方回复
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
International Culture Weekly；recommend；traditional Chinese art forms；nowadays；look forward to；reply
第三步：连词成句
1. Glad to know that the International Culture Weekly will be held in our school.
2. I’d like to recommend one of traditional Chinese art forms---Chinese calligraphy.
3. Chinese calligraphy is an ancient writing art of Chinese characters.
4. Our ancestors invented writing with brushes, so they have produced calligraphy.
5. Chinese calligraphy has been exuding artistic charm with its writing style, structure and constitution
6. Look forward to your reply early.
7. I will be so happy if my recommended art form is adopted.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：Traditional paper cuttings are also called window decorations, which are first put on the windows to create the pleasant atmosphere.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。文章对于剪纸艺术的介绍兼顾历史来由和现代价值，整体思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，完全符合题目要求。
