人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions Words and expressions 课件（57张ppt）

(共57张PPT)
Unit 4
Words
and
Expressions
individual
No individual shall overtop the law.
任何个人的权力都不能凌驾于法律之上。
It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class.
教师在人数多的班上，很难对各个学生都照顾到。
n. 个人，个体
adj. 个人的；个别的；独特的
individual / personal / private
individual, personal, private 这些形容词均含“个人的，私人的”之意。
individual：与集体的相对，指个别或个体的。
personal：指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。
private ：指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。
知识拓展
puzzle
What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.
令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。
The rise in accidents remains a puzzle.
事故的增多仍是个谜。
I’m in a puzzle as to what to do next.
对于下一步该做什么我也很困惑。
v. 使困惑，迷惑
n. 不解之谜；智力游戏，谜
puzzling adj.
puzzled adj.
令人困惑的
感到困惑的
puzzle over/about sth 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨
puzzle sth out 琢磨出答案
单句语法填空
It is a (puzzle) problem for most of us.
She was staring at her computer with a (puzzle) expression.
The man is puzzling why she has changed her mind.
puzzling
puzzled
about/over
join
He joined the Army five years ago.
他五年前参了军。
I’m sure you’ll all join me in wishing Ted and Laura a very happy marriage.
我相信大家会愿意与我一起共祝特德和劳拉喜结良缘。
The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge.
这个岛有一座桥与大陆相连。
The path joins the road near the trees.
这条小路在树林旁与公路汇合。
We’ll join up with the other groups later.
我们以后再与其他小组会合。
v. 加入，成为……的一员； 连接，汇合
知识拓展
join：基本词义是“加入某个党派或社会团体，从而成为该党派或团体的一员”。
When did they join the conservation organization
他们是什么时候参加环保组织的？
join in: 意思是“参加某项运动或活动”，例如参加讨论、游行、罢工等。
You can visit that page and join in the celebration.
你可以访问这个页面并加入到庆祝活动中来。
join...to...: 意思是“和...接触”、“与...相连”。
Join one section of pipe to the next.
将一段管子与相邻的管子连接起来。
join / join in / join to
选词语并用其适当形式填空
1. At the age of eight, he a group of child dancers.
2. The children the English Evening and had a good time.
3. The computer hasn’t been the Internet.
joined
joined in
joined to
join, join in, join...to...
attend, join in, participate in, take part in
这些动词或词组均含“参加”之意。
attend: 侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等
join in: 普通用词，参加某项运动或活动等
participate in: 正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加
take part in: 侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用
词义辨析
break away
break away常与介词from搭配使用， 构成短语break away from (sb/sth) “脱离；离开；背弃”。
Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broken away from the UK.
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国。
Can’t you break away from old habits
你不能戒除旧习惯么？
知识拓展
break down：出故障，坏掉；失败；（健康、精神）垮掉，崩溃；破坏， 毁掉； 消除；把……分类，划分；分解
The telephone system has broken down.
电话系统瘫痪了。
Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.
双方谈判失败了。
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
她因工作压力身体垮掉了。
Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.
消防队员不得不破门而入，解救困在里面的人。
Each unit is broken down into several sections.
每一单元都分成几部分。
break 短语
知识拓展
break up：粉碎，破碎，打碎；破裂，结束；解散；拆开，分裂
The ship broke up on the rocks.
船触礁撞碎了。
Their marriage has broken up.
他们的婚姻已经破裂。
The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock.
会议在十一点散会。
Let’s break up the whole into parts.
让我们化整为零。
They decided to break up the partnership.
他们决定拆伙。
break 短语
知识拓展
break out：（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）爆发，突然开始
When did the war break out
这场战争是什么时候爆发的？
Fire broke out during the night.
夜间突然发生了火灾。
I have heard that a quarrel broke out between them.
我听说他们之间爆发了争吵。
break 短语
知识拓展
break into：破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
We had our car broken into last week.
我们的车上周被撬了。
As the President’s car drew up, the crowd broke into loud applause.
总统的座车停下时，人群中爆发出热烈的掌声。
He broke into a run when he saw the police.
他看见警察，撒腿就跑。
break 短语
用break的相关短语填空
1. The two countries are going to meet to some barriers to trade between them.
2. We had to the house as we had lost the key.
3. In order to get some money, the man that old machine and sold some parts.
4. The thief tried to the policeman, but he failed.
5. The fire during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured.
break down
break into
broke up
break away from
broke out
belong to
The car belongs to her.　
这车属于她。
I used to belong to a youth club.
我曾是一个青年俱乐部的成员。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
狮子和老虎属于猫科。
vt. 属于；是……成员；是（某族类或纲目）的一部分
1. 此词组不可用于进行时;
2. 不可用于被动语态，其过去分词也不可用作后位定语。
Tips
belonging n.归属感
belongings n.财产，所有物
单句语法填空
1. Could you tell me who the new bike belongs
2. You’d better take your (belong) before you get off.
3. Language is a gift (belong) to humans.
4. Cultures give us a sense of (belong) in society.
to
belongings
belonging
belonging
as well as
同（一样也）；和；还
They use the same flag, known as the Union
Jack, as well as share the same currency and
military defence.
他们使用同样的旗帜，即英国国旗，使用同
样的货币和军事防御。
词义辨析
as well as / as well
1. as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。
I am going to London and my sister is going as well (＝going, too).
我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。
2. as well 在口语中也可用于句中，作“也好，也行”或“倒不如”解，用来缓和语气。
The weather was so bad that we might as well have stayed at home.
天气太坏了，早知道如此，倒不如呆在家里为好。
as well
may/might as well do sth 做…倒也无妨，倒不如，只好做（某事）
词义辨析
as well as / as well
3. as well 可以直接用于just后，用作应答语（可视为 It’s just as well 的省略），作“幸亏，幸而；无妨；没关系”解。
— We were too late to see the film.
我们去得太晚了，没有看上电影。
— Just as well. I hear it isn’t very good.
不必遗憾。我听说电影也不怎么样。
as well
词义辨析
as well as / as well
1. 用于本义
as well as 用于本义，可视为 as…as 结构与 well 的天然搭配，其意为“与……一样好”，在否定句中可用not so well as代替 not as well as。
He speaks English as well as her.
他说英语说得跟她一样好。
as well as
词义辨析
as well as / as well
2. 用于引申义
表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”、“而且”“还”。
He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
他既种菜也种花。
注：有时还可译为“除……之外，还”，与besides, in addition to的用法相似。
as well as
词义辨析
as well as / as well
3. 把握主谓一致
当 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时, 其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。
Tom as well as his parents is going to London.
汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。
The captain, as well as the other players, was tired.
队长和其他队员都累了。
as well as
Exercise
1. They play all kinds of instruments and sing .
A. also B. either C. as well D. as well as
2. Tom, Jane and Rose, going to the farm on foot.
A. as long as; is B. as well as; are
C. as long as; are D. as well as; is
3. They travel at full speed by day .
A. and night B. and by night as well as
C. as well at night D. as well as by night
4. Mrs Black writes , if not better than, her husband.
A. as well as B. so well
C. so well as D. as well
C
D
D
A
defence
A great many of soldiers died in defence of their country.
很多战士为保卫他们的国家而牺牲。
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.
城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。
n. 防御，保卫
defend v. 防御，保卫，保护 ；（为……）辩护
defend ... from/ against ... 保卫……以免受……
单句语法填空
1. What was especially important for Tim’s successful
.(defend) in the football game
2. What talking points can be raised defence of this argument
3. Students should be trained to defend themselves
.some attacks.
defence
in
against/from
surround
Tall trees surround the lake.
环湖都是大树。
The lake is surrounded with/by tall trees.
湖边树木环绕。
He likes to surround himself with humorous people.
他喜欢和幽默的人在一起。
v. 围绕，包围，环绕
surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n. 环境
单句语法填空
1. When I came to the airport, I saw that the place
.(surround) by police.
2. Steve arrived and sat in the front row, . (surround) by his family.
3. Standing on the top, we admired the (surround) scenes.
4. She was faced with a new job in unfamiliar . (surround).
5. As a child I was surrounded love and kindness.
was surrounded
surrounded
surrounding
surroundings
with/by
evidence
The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty.
最新的证据让我坚信他是诚实的。
There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
Few soldiers were in evidence.
几乎看不见有士兵。
n. 证据，证明
evident adj.显而易见的，显然的
It is evident that+从句. 很明显……，……是显而易见的
achievement
Even a small success can give you a sense of achievement.
即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。
n. 成就，成绩，达到
achieve v. （经努力）达到，取得，实现；获得成功
To achieve his goal, he takes full advantage of his time.
他为了实现他的目标，充分利用所有的时间。
make an achievement 取得成就
achieve one’s goal/ success 实现目标/获得成功
location
The importance of the town is due to its geographical location.
这座城镇的重要性在于它的地理位置。
n. 地方，地点，位置
locate vt. 找出…的准确位置；确定…的准确地点；定位；把…安置在
Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
救援飞机正在努力查明失踪水手的下落。
They located their headquarters in Swindon.
他们把总部设在了斯温登。
The house is located in one of the city’s prettiest squares.
该房子位于市区最漂亮的广场之一。
单句语法填空
1. Modern science has given clear (evident) that smoking can lead to many diseases.
2. The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for those great (achieve) made by her.
3. China (locate) in the east of Asia with the area of 9,600,000 square kilometers.
evidence
achievements
is located
fascinate
Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.
猫总能引起人们的极大乐趣。
vt. 使着迷，迷住，深深吸引
fascinating adj. 令人着迷的，迷人的，极具吸引力的
fascinated adj. 着迷的，被深深吸引的
fascination n. 魅力；极大的吸引力；入迷，着迷
The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond description.
那里的风景太引人入胜了，美得令人无法形容。
I’ve always been fascinated by his ideas.
我总是对他的想法极感兴趣。
Water holds a fascination for most children.
水对多数孩子都有极大的吸引力。
单句语法填空
1. Listeners were (fascinate) by his story.
2. The girls listened in (fascinate) as the story unfolded.
3. It is (fascinate) to talk with such an interesting person.
4. The idea of travelling through time always . (fascinate) me when I was a kid.
fascinated
fascination
fascinating
fascinated
“eye”的相关短语
keep one’s eyes open (for) 留心，留意，密切关注，提防
keep an eye on 照看；留神；留意
have an eye for sth 对…有鉴赏力（或识别力、眼力）
catch one’s eye引起某人的注意
look sb in the eye 直视某人
in one’s eyes 按某人的意见；在某人眼里；依某人看
through one’s eyes 从某人的角度看
完成句子
1. 我很抱歉，所以我无法正视他的眼睛。
I am sorry, so I couldn’t .
2. 我在街上走着，一只鸟吸引了我的注意。
I was walking in the street when a bird .
3. 到达那里时，你要留意观察。
You’d better when you get there.
4. 我对时尚从来没有鉴赏力。
I’ve never fashion.
5. 设身处地站在她的角度想想这事吧。
Try looking at it for a change.
look him in the eye
caught my eye
keep your eyes open
had an eye for
through her eyes
charge
The restaurant charged ￡20 for dinner.
这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。
He was charged with murder.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
Delivery is free of charge.
免费送货。
He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
vt. 收费；控告；充电
n. 收费；指控；掌管
charge (sb.) +钱+ for sth.
为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth.
控告某人(做)某事
in charge of … 控制/管理……
in the charge of … 受……的管理
单句语法填空
1. (charge) with stealing that car, the young man was taken to the police.
2. He charged me 20 yuan mending my shoes.
3. I am happy to know you are in charge a teenager art exhibition next month.
4. She charged him stealing her car.
Charged
for
of
with
完成句子
①翻译句子
1. 这个组织提供一些免费服务。
The organisation offers some service .
2. 他会在今年年底接管这个公司。
He will the company at the end of this year.
②同义句转换
It is said that the factory is in the charge of a young woman.
→It is said that a young woman is the factory.
free of charge
take charge of
in charge of
amount
He needs that amount of money to survive.
他需要那笔钱来维持生活。
A large amount of money is spent on education every year.
= Large amounts of money are spent on education every year.
每年在教育上花大量的钱。
n. 金额，数量
a large/small amount of+不可数名词+谓语动词单数
= large/small amounts of+不可数名词+谓语动词复数
大量的/少量的
the amount of + 不可数名词 ……的数量
单句语法填空
1. Joe has spent quite amount of energy on his English.
2. Large amounts of water (waste) every day.
3. A large amount of money (have) been wasted.
4. The amount water in this bottle is unknown.
5. We shouldn’t waste large (amount) of time in playing computer games.
an
are wasted
of
amounts
has
approach
We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.
我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。
At their approach, the little boy ran away and hid.
当他们走近时，那个小男孩跑开了并藏了起来。
Spring is approaching.
春天就要来临。
He approached me to create and design the restaurant.
他来找我创办并设计那家餐馆。
What’s the best way of approaching this problem
什么是处理这个问题的最佳方式？
n. 方法；途径；接近；道路
vi. 靠近
vt. 接近；与……接洽；着手处理
approachable adj.
亲切的，易理解的，
可接近的
词汇 用法
approach 侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法；the approach to (doing) sth.
way 使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中；常用于the way to do/of (doing) sth中．
method 指有条理的、系统的办法，尤指新的办法；the method of (doing) sth.
means 指实现目的的任何手段，或使用某种交通工具的方式； the means of (doing)sth.
manner 做事的方式、方法，与行为、举止、动作有关
同义词辨析
单句语法填空
1. (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
2. All the approaches the palace were guarded by troops.
3. Facing up to your problems is the best approach to . (work) things out.
4. People are busy shopping the approach of the Christmas Day.
5. The village is only (approach) from the south.
Approaching
to
at
approachable
working
generous
Although he was poor, he was quite generous to his needy friends.
他虽穷，但对贫苦的朋友很慷慨。
Jack is generous with his money.
杰克在金钱方面慷慨大方。
He was always generous in sharing his enormous knowledge.
他一直不吝分享自己丰富的知识。
The car has a generous amount of space.
这辆汽车的空间很大。
adj. 慷慨的，大方的；丰富的
generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
He treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness.
他待他们宽容大度、体贴周到。
单句语法填空
1. These volunteers are very generous the old man.
2. The young man is very generous his time in
helping others.
3. It was generous him to offer to pay for us both.
4. (generous) is part of his character.
to
with
Generosity
of
position
From his position on the cliff top, he had a good view of the harbour.
他在悬崖之巅，海港景色一览无余。
Is everybody in position
大家都就位了吗？
Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.
工作时一定要保持舒适的姿势。
She has made her position very clear.
她明确表示了自己的立场。
She quickly positioned herself behind the desk.
她迅速在桌子后面就位。
n. 位置；姿态；处境；职位；立场
v. 放置；安装；安置
in position就位；在适当的位置
out of position 位置没放好；不得其所
单句语法填空
1. All parking signs have now been placed position.
2. He had the printer (position) near the desk.
3. Look! The table is out position. You’d better remove it.
in
of
positioned
eager
She is eager for her parents’ approval.
她渴望得到父母的赞许。
Everyone in the class seemed eager to learn.
班上每个人似乎都热爱学习。
adj. 热切的；渴望的
eagerness n. 热切，渴望
be eager/ dying/ thirsty/ anxious for sth 渴望得到某物
be eager/ dying/ thirsty/ anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
long to do sth/ for sth 渴望……
“渴望”
单句语法填空
1. Mike is eager (stay) away from the busy city life for a while.
2. As far as I know, he is eager success.
3. Each week I (eager) counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there.
4. Every year people look forward to the day with great
.(eager).
to stay
eagerly
for
eagerness
feast
At the welcoming feast, there is going to be a piano performance.
在欢迎宴会上，会有钢琴表演。
The evening was a real feast for music lovers.
这个晚会真是让音乐爱好者大饱耳福。
He let her feast on the cookies with strawberry jam.
他给饼干配上草莓果酱，让她尽情享用。
By traveling, we can feast our eyes on the spectacular scenery in different places.
通过旅行，我们可以欣赏不同地方的壮丽景色。
n. 盛宴；宴会；节日
v. 尽情享用；赴宴
dot
It’s a little spot, and a little dot on the map.
它是个小地方，在地图上也只是一个小点。
Breakfast is served at 8 on the dot.
8点整准时开早饭。
Small villages dot the countryside.
小村庄星罗棋布于乡间。
The countryside is dotted with small villages.
乡间有星罗棋布的小村庄。
n. 点；小（圆）点
vt. 加点；遍布
greet
Whenever I met her, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
无论我什么时候遇见她，她总是带着甜蜜的微笑跟我打招呼。
The changes were greeted with suspicion.
这些变革受到人们的怀疑。
vt. 问候；打招呼；迎接；对……作出反应
greeting n. 问候；招呼；祝贺
greeter n.（在酒店、超市等门口迎接顾客的）接待员
She waved a friendly greeting.
她友好地挥手致意。
They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
sensory
adj. 感觉的；感官的
sense n. 感觉官能；感觉，意识；理解力；判断力
sensible adj. 明智的；理智的；合理的；切合实际的
sensitive adj. 敏感的；体恤的；有悟性的
I had the sense that he was worried about something.
我感觉他有心事。
I think that’s a very sensible idea.
我看这个主意很妥当。
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings.
她很能体谅他人的感情。
Both motor and sensory functions are affected.
运动功能和感觉功能都受到影响。
striking
adj. 引人注目的；显著的；标致的；俊秀的
strike v. 击打，碰撞；侵袭；罢工
n.罢工；击打；侵袭
The results were striking.
结果是惊人的。
She was a striking woman with long blonde hair.
她曾是一个留着金色长发的俊秀女子。
crowd
n. 人群；一群人；民众
vt. 挤满；使……拥挤；涌上（心头）；涌入（脑海）
crowded adj. 人（太）多的；拥挤的；充满的；挤满的
A small crowd had gathered outside the church.
一小群人聚集在教堂的外面。
She’s quite happy to follow the crowd .
她就愿意随大流。
Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.
成千上万的人把狭窄的街道挤得水泄不通。
Memories crowded his mind.
往事涌上他的心头。
单句语法填空
1. My mother sends her (greet) to you all.
2. Red and black make a (strike) contrast.
3. The old town square was (crowd) with people.
4. He’s very (sense) about his weight.
greetings
crowded
striking
sensitive