高考英语语法专题复习——定语从句关系词只用that不用which情况知识点总结整理（素材）

高考英语语法专题复习——定语从句关系词只用that不用which情况知识点总结整理
导 入
在学习定语从句的时候，你们老师肯定有讲过that和which这两个关系词只能选择一个的诸多情况。
只用which的情况比较好记、也好理解，可是只用that不用which就有好多种情况，很难记住所有情况。
今天我们学习关系词that和which在定语从句中二择一的技巧。希望你能有所收获。
知 识 点
只用that不用which的情况，请看百度“定语从句”里的相关内容。
有六种情况只可用that:
（1）不定代词 anything, nothing, everything,all,much,few,any,little为先行词时；
（2）先行词为 the only, the very, the just时；
（3）先行词被序数词、数词、形容词或最高级修饰时；
（4）先行词既有人又有物时；
（5）当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that；
（6）关系代词在从句中作表语时；
是不是感觉好多条规则，很难记，看得脑袋疼。也许有善于总结的老师给你总结了一些"六字"口诀了什么的，但还是得死记硬背。
那么像上面只用that的这六种情况，有没有不用死记硬背的办法呢？
有。接下来我来分享下只用 that不用which这几种情况的思考。
前面我给大家讲过了为什么关系词that既可以指人也可以指物？
其中我有提到that可以作指示代词，在作指示代词的时候that既可指人也可指物，这是that这个词的本性。
另外，既然that可以作代词，那么TA还有避免重复的功能。
分析：
针对前三种情况，不管先行词是不定代词、被the only还是被序数词数词等修饰，因为先行词有既可指人亦可指物的可能性，所以只用that不用which。
比如: the only后面先行词既可以是指人的girl, man等，也可以是指物的thing, shop等。
第四种情况，本身先行词就是既指人又指物时，所以只用that不用which。
第五种情况，避免和who或which重复肯定就只能用that不能用which了。
第六种情况，和前三种情况一样，先行词有既可指人亦可指物的可能性，所以只用that不用which。
He is not the man that he used to be.
China is no longer the country that she was.
总结：
从上面的分析可以看出，只用that不用which的根本原因是that这个词的“本性”: TA既可指人也可指物，还有避免重复的功能。
所以，只用that不用which的n种情况不需要死记硬背，理解掌握了that这个词你就可以快准狠地做出选择。
练习：
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed
B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year
B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day
A. about which you talked
B. which you talked
C. about that you talked
D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which
B. in which
C. on which
D. by which
解析：
1.A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2.C."和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3.D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4.C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5.A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.C. 解析同第5题。
7.A. 解析见第3题。
8.A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9.A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10.A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.