Unit 3 Computers
课前预习导学
课标导航
功能 1.Making decisionsI think/don't think that...I believe that...I've decided that...Let's make a decision.2．ReasoningThe advantage/disadvantage is...I agree/don't agree...because...Give me your reasons.What makes you think so？
句型 before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”as...as...“像……一样”as引导的从句so...that...如此……以至于……
语法 现在完成时被动语态的结构和用法Over time I have been changed quite a lot.First as a PC(personal computer) and then as a laptop，I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
写作 Argumentative writing：computer's effects on people
考点 intelligence(2011江苏高考，27) somehow(2011江西高考，27) before引导的状语从句(2011四川高考，6) as引导的状语从句(2012山东高考，27/2011全国高考Ⅰ，22) go ahead(2011辽宁高考，35) deal with (2011天津高考，8) 现在完成时的被动语态(2011天津高考，3/2011北京高考，21等)
主题导读
Steve Jobs (February 24,1955 October 5,2011) was an American inventor and entrepreneur(企业家)．He was co founder，chairman，and CEO of Apple Inc.
In the late 1970s，Jobs—along with other Apple co founders—designed，developed，and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers，the Apple Ⅱ series.In 1985，Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT，a computer platform development company specializing in the higher education and business markets.Apple's subsequent (继任者) brought Jobs back to the company he co founded，and he served as its interim(临时的)CEO from 1997，then becoming permanent(永久的) CEO from 2000 onwards.After resigning as CEO in August 2011，Jobs was elected chairman of Apple's board of directors.
On October 5,2011，Jobs died in California at age 56，seven years after being diagnosed with pancreatic(胰腺的)cancer.On his death he was widely described as a visionary pioneer and genius—perhaps one of the foremost—in the field of business and product design，and a man who had greatly changed the face of the modern world.His death was widely mourned and considered a loss to the world by people across the globe.
诱思探究
1．What do you think of Steve Jobs as an inventor and a CEO
2．Some people think that Steve Jobs has greatly changed the face of the modern world，do you think so？What's your opinion
答案：The answers are various.
基础导练
Ⅰ.词汇拓展
1．______ vt. 计算→______ n. 计算器
2．______ n. 宇宙→______ adj. 宇宙的；普遍的；通用的
3．______ adj. 简单的→______ vt. 简化
4．______ n. (电脑)操作员；接线员→______ v. 操作；动手术→operation n. 操作；运转；手术
5．______ adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的→______ adj. (反义词)→______ adv. 合逻辑地；有条理地；逻辑上
6．______ n. 工艺；科技；技术→______ adj. 科技的
7．______ n. 革命→______ adj. 革命的；n. 革命者
8．______ n. 智力；聪明；智能→______ adj. 智能的；聪明的
9．______ n. 真实；事实；现实→______ adj. 现实的；真实的→______ adv. 确实；真正地
10．______ adj. 私人的；个人的；亲自的→______ adv. 就个人而言；亲自
11．______ adj. 总的；整个的→______ adv. 完全地；整个地
12．______ n. 应用；用途；申请→______ v. 申请；运用
13．______ n. 金融；财经→______ adj. 财政的；金融的
14．______ vt.&vi. 探索；探测；探究→______ n. 勘探者；探险家
15．______ vi. 出现；发生→______ (过去式)→______(过去分词)
16．______ vi. 出现；显得；好像→______ n. 外观；外貌；出现
17．______ n. 性格；特点→______ adj. 特有的；典型的
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．____________ 从……时起
2．____________ 结果
3．____________ 在某种程度上
4．____________ 在……的帮助下
5．____________ 处理；安排；对付
6．watch over ____________
7．so...that... ____________
8．be crazy about ____________
9．make up ____________
10．after all ____________
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．I developed very slowly and ______ ______ nearly two hundred years ______ I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
2．By the 1940s，I ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ a room，and I wondered if I would grow ______ ______.
到20世纪40年代时，我已变得像一个房间一样大，我不知道是否还会变得更大。
3．______ ______ ______ ______，I was made smaller.
随着时间的流逝，我被做得更小了。
4．______ ______ my memory has developed ______ ______ ______，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!
随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
5．And my memory became ______ large ______ even I couldn't believe it!
我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！
答案：Ⅰ.1.calculate；calculator 2.universe；universal 3.simple；simplify 4.operator；operate 5.logical；illogical；logically 6.technology；technological 7.revolution；revolutionary 8.intelligence；intelligent 9.reality；real；really 10.personal；personally 11.total；totally
12．application；apply 13.finance；financial 14.explore；explorer 15.arise；arose；arisen 16.appear；appearance 17.character；characteristic
Ⅱ.1.from...on 2.as a result 3.in a way 4.with the help of 5.deal with 6.看守；监视 7.如此……以至于…… 8.对……着迷(热衷) 9.编造；弥补；组成 10.毕竟；终究
Ⅲ.1.it took；before
2．had grown as large as；any larger
3．As time went by
4．Over time；so much that
5．so；that
在预习中还有哪些问题需要你在听课时加以关注？请在下列表格中做个备忘吧！
课堂合作探究
Part Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre reading，Reading & Comprehending
文本感知
阅读WHO AM I？，完成下列小题
1．Which of the following statements is right
A．The first form of the computer appeared as a calculating machine in France in 1642.
B．The analytical machine was invented by Turing in 1822.
C．Computers have been used as a means of communication around the world since the 1960s.
D．Computers haven't been put into space rockets and used to explore the Moon and Mars.
2．According to the description(描述)in the text computers will be ______ in the future.
A．bigger and bigger，faster and faster
B．smaller and smaller but faster
C．more and more advanced
D．almost the same as those today
3．What is the content of the passage of “WHO AM I？”
A．Computers have a long history.
B．Computers are becoming more and more advanced now.
C．Computers are meant to help human beings.
D．All of the above.
答案：1．A 2.C 3.D
导学互动
1．In pairs discuss what they have in common.(P17，Warming Up)
两人一组讨论它们有什么共同之处。
have (sth.) in common有……共同之处
They are brothers，but they have nothing in common.
他们虽然是兄弟，但毫无共同之处。
In general，their methods have a lot in common.
总的来说，他们的方法有很多共同之处。
联想拓展
(1)
(2)
In common with many other girls，she likes new dresses.
和许多其他女孩一样，她也喜欢新衣服。
The two neighbours own the parking lot in common.
这两个邻居共同拥有这个停车场。
(1)完成句子
①这两幅画有什么共同之处？
What do the two paintings ______ ______ ______？
②他和很多男孩一样喜欢足球。
______ ______ ______ many other boys，he likes football.
(2)单项填空
①Roses are quite ______ flowers in England gardens.
A．ordinary B．common C．usual D．general
②We have a lot ______ and have a lot to talk about.
A．in brief B．in common C．in detail D．in fact
2．calculating machine(P17，Pre reading)
计算机
calculate vt. 计算；预测
The teacher calculated the average marks of the class.
老师算出了全班的平均分。
It is calculated that the work will be finished in two days.
预计两天后完成这项工作。
联想拓展
calculator n. 计算器
calculation n. 计算；推测
词汇辨析
calculate “计算，核算”，一般要有较复杂的过程，如加、减、乘、除等运算，或数学上精密的计算等
count “计算，数”，指逐个数过而得出总数
单项填空
The loss has not yet been ______ accurately，but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
A．calculated B．considered C．completed D．controlled
3．Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.(P18，Reading，L2 3)
尽管我很年轻，但我能简化一些复杂的数额。
1)simplify vt. 简化；使简易
You'd better simplify the process of the math problem.
你最好简化一下这道数学题的步骤。
Try to simplify your explanation for the children.
设法使你的解释简易一些，让孩子们能听懂。
词汇拓展
simple adj. 简单的；简易的；单纯的；朴素的
simplified adj. 简化的
simply adv. 简单地；仅仅；完全；简直
simplification n. 简化
Rich as he is，he still lives a simple life.
尽管他很富有，但他仍然过着俭朴的生活。
What they need is simply money，money and money.
他们所需的仅仅是钱而已。
(1)用simple的正确形式填空
①Please introduce it to us ______.
②It is so complicated that I can't understand it；please ______ it.
③Only after it was ______，we found it easier to understand.
(2)同义句改写
The article is too difficult，so you'd better make it easy for students to read.
The article is too difficult，so you'd better ______ it for students to read.
(3)单项填空
①I'm surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(n) ______ trick.
A．ordinary B．difficult C．smart D．simple
②Running a company is not ______ a matter of hiring people；they also need to be trained.
A．simply B．partly C．seriously D．equally
2)sum n．总数，总计(与of连用)；金额；款项
The sum of three and five is eight.
3与5的总和是8。
Hosting the 2010 Shanghai Expo cost China a large sum of money.
中国斥巨资承办了2010年上海世博会。
短语链接
(1)in sum 总之；简而言之
It was，in sum，a complete failure.
总之，这是一次彻底的失败。
(2)sum up 概括；概述
The story may be summed up in one sentence.
该故事可用一句话来概述。
(3)summary n．摘要；概要 adj.概括的；总结的
in summary 概括地说；总的说来
Can you give me a quick summary of your research
＝Can you tell me about your research in summary
你能简要概括一下你的研究工作吗？
单项填空
①She was left ______of money by her parents.
A．a large sum B．a large number C．a plenty D．great deal
②His speech ______ the present situation of economy.
A．made up B．summed up C．took up D．set up
4．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(P18，Reading，L3 6)
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
It will be/is/was/takes＋时间段＋before...“要过多久/过了多久才……”。
It was two years before he finished the task.
他花了2年的时间才完成了这项任务。
It took him half an hour before he came to life.
半个小时后他才苏醒过来。
It will be a week before we meet again.
一周后我们还会再次见面的。
联想拓展
before的不同用法
(1)还没来得及……，就……
He left angrily before I could explain to him.
我还没来得及向他解释，他就生气地走了。
(2)趁着……
You'd better write them down before you forget.
趁着还没忘记，赶紧把它们写下来。
(3)一……就……；刚刚……就……
He had hardly gone to bed before the door bell rang.
他刚刚睡下，门铃就响了。
单项填空
①—Why didn't you ask the teacher the question
—She had left the office ______ I had time to.
A．as B．till C．after D．before
②John thinks it won't be long ______ he is ready for his new job.
A．when B．after C．before D．since
③I'm sorry you've been waiting so long，but it'll still be some time ______ Tom gets back.
A．before B．since C．till D．after
5．In 1936 my real father，Alan Turing，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.(P18，Reading，L11 13)
在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。
solve vt. 解答；解决；破解
So far nobody in our class can solve the math problem.
至今我们班没人能解答这道数学题。
I'm trying to solve this problem，but I can't find the right solution.
我正试图解决这个问题，可是找不到正确的方法。
Many natural puzzles remain to be solved.
很多自然界谜团有待于破解。
词汇辨析
solve 侧重于解决问题；其宾语常为problem，puzzle，mystery，difficulty等名词
settle 要解决的对象通常是某种争端，使争端“平息”；其宾语通常为argument，dispute，affair，matter，quarrel，issue等
I don't think money can solve all problems.
我认为钱不能解决所有问题。
They settled the dispute in a friendly way.
他们以友好的方式解决了这一争端。
(1)用solve/settle的适当形式填空
①Who can ______ the mystery of the trick that the golden fish could swim in a straight line
②International disputes should be ______ in a peaceful way.
(2)单项填空
①With all the problems ______，the newly elected president felt rather relaxed.
A．to be solved B．solved
C．solving D．having solved
②Family's problems can be ______ by communicating with each other，while international issues can be ______ by negotiating peacefully.
A．solved；solved B．settled；settled
C．solved；settled D．settled；solved
6．From then on，I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.(P18，Reading，L13 14)
从那时起，我在体积和智能方面迅速成长。
from then on从那时起
From then on he understood the importance of studying English.
从那时起，他知道了学习英语的重要性。
短语链接
from now on 从现在起
from today on 从今天起
from tomorrow on 从明天起
温馨提示
from then on “从那时起”，所在句子常用一般过去时态
since then “自从……以来”，所在句子常用现在完成时态
from now
(today) on “从现在(今天)开始”，所在句子常用一般将来时态
(1)用所给单词的适当形式填空
①From then on，we ______(become)good friends.
②Her husband died in 1990，since then she ______(live) alone.
③From today on I ______(study)even harder.
(2)单项填空
①He left his homeland in 1937 and from then on he ______to his hometown again.
A．didn't return B．doesn't return C．hadn't returned D．hasn't returned
②We said good bye to each other last year，______ I haven't seen her again.
A．from then on B．since then C．till then D．after
7．As time went by，I was made smaller.(P18，Reading L16)
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
1)as conj. 随着
As time goes by，China will become stronger and stronger.
随着时间的变迁，中国将会变得越来越强大。
As our life improves，we have more and more time to entertain ourselves.
随着生活的改善，我们有了越来越多的娱乐时间。
联想拓展
as的用法
关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，如同” As we all know，computers play an important part in our daily life.
从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然” Little as he is，he knows a lot.
从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一边……一边……” They talked with each other as they walked along the street.
从属连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像……，按照……方式” You have to do it as told.
(1)完成句子
①__________________(随着年龄的增长)，his hair turned whiter and whiter.
②__________________(随着春天的临近)，it becomes warmer and warmer.
(2)单项填空
①______ time went on，Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
A．As B．With C．While D．When
②He smiled politely ______Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A．as B．if C．unless D．though
③Hot ______ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A．although B．as C．while D．however
2)go by (指时间)过去；逝去；走过；过去
Twenty years went by and she remained unchanged.
二十年过去了，她依然没变。
I went by him，but he pretended not to see me.
我从他身旁经过，但他假装没看到我。
Don't let such a good chance go by.
不要放过这样一个好机会。
短语链接
go on (with) 进行；继续；发生
go ahead 走在前面；前进；干吧(说吧/用吧)
go away 走开
go over 复习
go through 经历；遭受；穿过
go across 横渡；跨越
go in for 从事；喜好
(1)介副词填空
①After a short rest they went on ______ their work.
②The old man went ______ two World Wars.
③You go ______ first；we'll catch up with you later.
④I'm sorry.I can't go out for a play with you.I have to go ______ my lessons.
(2)单项填空
①—Didn't you have a good time at the party
—Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to ______ so quickly.
A．go by B．go away C．go out D．go over
②—I probably shouldn't have any more cake.
—Oh，______.It won't kill you.
A．go ahead B．hold on，please C．you're welcome D．that'll do
8．As a result I totally changed my shape.(P18，Reading，L19)
结果我完全改变了形状。
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of由于……的原因
He didn't work hard；as a result，he failed the exam.
他不用功，结果考试不及格。
Alice overslept this morning.As a result，she was late for work.
艾丽丝今天早上睡过头了，结果上班迟到了。
He was late for school as a result of traffic jam.
由于交通堵塞他上学迟到了。
As a result of illness，he couldn't go to the party yesterday.
由于生病的缘故，他昨天没能参加那晚会。
词汇辨析
result in “导致”，相当于lead to，cause；主语是原因，宾语是结果
result from “由……产生”，相当于lie in；主语是结果，宾语是原因
His carelessness resulted in the car accident.
他的粗心大意导致了这起车祸。
The car accident resulted from his carelessness.
这起车祸是由于他粗心大意造成的。
(1)同义句改写
①The burning end of a cigarette resulted in the big fire.
The big fire ______ ______ the burning end of a cigarette.
②All the flights were put off because of the heavy fog.
All the flights were put off ______ ______ ______ ______ the heavy fog.
(2)单项填空
①My son suffered from a strange illness；______，he couldn't eat and sleep.
A．as a result B．after all C．anyway D．otherwise
②Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.
A．as a result of B．on top of C．in front of D．in need of
9．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told！(P18，Reading，L20 21)
随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
so＋adj./adv.＋that如此……以至于……
He was so excited that he couldn't speak.
他兴奋得连话都说不出来了。
Tom ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
汤姆跑得如此快，以至于我赶不上他。
联想拓展
(1)so＋＋that
It is so good a film that I like to see it a second time.
这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。
There is so much milk in the glass that I can't drink up.
杯中的牛奶太多，以至于我喝不了。
(2)such＋＋that
He caught such a bad cold that he coughed day and night.
他得了重感冒，日夜咳嗽。
It is such fine weather today that we will go swimming.
今天天气那么好，我们要去游泳。
They are such small shoes that I can't put them on.
这双鞋这么小我穿不上。
注意：在so...that...与such...that...引导的结果状语从句中，若将so，such与其后面的成分一起置于句首时，则引起倒装。例如：
So fast did the teacher speak that I couldn't follow him.
那老师说得太快，我听不懂。
Such a naughty boy is he that nobody likes him.
这男孩如此淘气没有人喜欢他。
(1)同义句改写
①She is such a good model that many young persons like her.
She is ______ ______ ______ model that many young persons like her.
②It is so fine a day that all of us want to go out for a picnic.
It is ______ ______ ______ that all of us want to go out for a picnic.
(2)用so或such填空
①He is______ tall that he can reach the apples on the tree.
②He is ______ good a boy that all of us like him.
③I never imagine that ______a little boy knows so much.
④He has ______little money that he can't feed his family.
(3)单项填空
①I haven't seen Ann for ______long that I've forgotten what she looked like.
A．such B．very C．so D．too
②He gave us ______ that we were grateful to him.
A．so good advice B．such good advice
C．so good an advice D．such a good advice
③So late ______that she didn't meet the famous film star.
A．she arrived B．arrived she
C．did she arrive D．she has arrived
10．Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.(P18，Reading，L32 33)
不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。
anyway/anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此
Anyhow/Anyway we must finish the work today.
无论如何，我们今天必须完成这项工作。
I'm afraid we can't come，but thank you for the invitation anyway.
恐怕我们来不了，即便如此，还是感谢你的邀请。
注意：(1)anyhow和anyway在表示“无论如何，不管怎样，总之，尽管如此”讲时，可置于句首，句中(前面有连词but)或句末。
(2)在表示“况且，更何况，再说，至少”意思时，是对前面的话补充，给出一个令人信服的理由，此时anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出现在句末。
It's too expensive and anyhow(anyway) the color doesn't suit me.
这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合我。
联想拓展
(1)somehow adv.不知怎么地；以某种方式
Somehow I don't like our English teacher.
不知怎么地，我不喜欢我们英语老师。
Don't worry.We'll get the money back somehow.
别担心，我们会以某种方式把钱要回来的。
(2)somewhat adv. 稍微；有点
The situation has improved somewhat.
情况有所改善。
Everything seemed to be all right，yet he felt strange and somewhat uneasy.
一切看来都好，但他觉得奇怪，还有点不安。
单项填空
(1)What a terrible experience! ______，you come back.
A．Somehow B．Anyhow C．Somewhat D．Anywhere
(2)—Would you like me to help you with the heavy luggage
—I can manage it myself.Thank you ______.
A．however B．in a sense C．anyway D．by the way
答案：1．(1)①have in common ②In common with
(2)①B 提示：ordinary“正常的，平凡的”；common“普通(遍)的，共有的”，usual“通常的，平时的”；general“总体的，大致的”。句意为：“玫瑰花在英国的花园里是很普通的(常见的)花。”
②B 提示：句意为：“我们有很多共同点，有很多话题可聊。”in brief“简而言之”；in common“共同，共有”；have a lot in common“有很多共同之处”；in detail“详细地”；in fact“实际上”。
2．A 提示：句意为：“损失还没有准确地计算出来，但是人们认为要远远超过一亿美元。”calculate“计算”；consider“考虑，认为”；complete“完成”；control“控制”。
3．1)(1)①simply ②simplify ③simplified
(2)simplify
(3)①D 提示：句意为：“我感到很吃惊，你竟然被这样一个简单的花招愚弄了。”a simple trick“简单的花招”。
②A 提示：句意为：“经营一家公司并不仅仅是雇一些人——这些人还需要培训。”simply“仅仅，只不过”；partly“部分地”；seriously“严肃地，认真地”；equally“平等地”。
2)①A 提示：a large number of用来修饰可数名词复数形式；plenty of前面不加不定冠词；a large sum of和a great deal of用来修饰不可数名词。
②B 提示：句意为：“他的演讲概括了目前的经济形势。”make up“编造，构成”；sum up“总结，概括”；take up“占(时间、空间)，拿起”；set up“建立，创立”。
4．①D 提示：答句意为：“我还没来得及问她就离开了办公室。”before “还没来得及……就……”。
②C 提示：句意为：“约翰认为不久他就会为新工作做好准备。”It's/It has been＋一段时间＋since...“自从……”；It is/was＋具体时间点＋when...“当……时，已是……”；It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后就/才……”。
③A 提示：句意为：“对不起，你已经等了这么长时间了，但是还需过一段时间汤姆才会回来。”此处考查句型“It will be＋时间段＋before”，意为“要过多久才……”。
5．(1)①solve ②settled
(2)①B 提示：由题干后半部分the newly elected president felt rather relaxed可知，这些问题已被解决，故用solve的过去分词形式表示被动和完成。
②C 提示：句意为“家庭问题可通过相互沟通进行解决，而国际事务可通过和平谈判得以解决”。“解决问题”用solve，“解决国际事务或争端”用settle。
6．(1)①became ②has lived ③will study
(2)①A 提示：from then on后接的句子常用一般过去时。
②B 提示：since then表示“从那时起到现在”，所在句子常用现在完成时态。由后面的“I haven't seen her again.”可知B项正确．
7．1)(1)①As he grew older ②As spring comes near
(2)①A 提示：句意为：“随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。”as time goes on＝with time going on“随着时间的推移”。
②A 提示：考查连词。句意：当玛丽因喝醉的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地笑了笑。as在此句中意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。if和unless引导条件状语从句；though引导让步状语从句。故选A项。
③B 提示：考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管晚上天气热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为经过长时间的旅行之后我们太累了。as 引导让步状语从句需用部分倒装，其形式是将作表语的形容词或名词置于句首。
2)(1)①with ②through ③ahead ④over
(2)①A 提示：由句意可知，此处指“时间流逝”。
②A 提示：go ahead“开始，进行，干吧”；hold on，please“请等一下”；you're welcome“不客气”；that'll do“那样就行了，够了”。句意为：“我也许不应该再吃蛋糕。”“哦，吃吧。没什么大不了的。”
8．(1)①resulted from ②as a result of
(2)①A 提示：as a result “结果”；after all“毕竟”；anyway“无论如何”；otherwise“否则”，由句意可知，此处应为因果关系。
②A 提示：句意为：“由于购买了太多的东西，珍妮差点错过了航班。”as a result of“由于……”；on top of “在……顶部”；in front of“在……前面”；in need of “需要”。
9．(1)①so good a ②such fine weather
(2)①so ②so ③such ④so
(3)①C 提示：考查so＋adj.＋that 结构。
②B 提示：由于advice为不可数名词，排除C、D两项；“形容词＋不可数名词”前面应用such，而不用so。
③C 提示：so＋adv.位于句首时，应用部分倒装。
10．(1)B 提示：somehow“不知怎么地”；anyhow“无论如何，即使如此”；somewhat“稍微，有点”；anywhere“无论何处”。句意为：“多么可怕的一次经历啊！无论如何，你安全回来了。”
(2)C 提示：答句句意为：“我自己能行，即使如此，还是谢谢你。”however“然而”；in a sense“在某种意义上”；anyway“无论如何，即便如此”；by the way“顺便”。由句意可知，C项正确。
提示：用最精炼的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit 3 Computers
Part Ⅱ Grammar
语法指南
现在完成时的被动语态
1．表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响，而且这个动作是被动的。例如：
A lot of money has been spent to protect the old temple by now.
到目前为止已投入了大笔钱来保护这座古庙。
2．还可表示在过去发生的，一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。
The machine has been used for 3 years.
这台机器已经使用三年了。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your homework has been finished.
作业一做完你就可以回家。
4．使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意的问题：
(1)在现在完成时的被动语态中，have/has和been缺一不可。
(2)注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的结果或影响。
The machine has been repaired.机器已经修好了。
(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，即：修好了。)
The machine was repaired yesterday.
机器昨天被修理了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。)
(3)不可与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday，three days ago，in 1970，in 2050等)，但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如already，yet，just，often，recently，in the past few years等)。
Many freeways have been built across China in the past few years.
最近几年已建起了横跨中国的很多条高速公路。
(4)有些动词像finish，buy，start，begin等，表示的动作很短暂，我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for，since构成的短语或引导的句子连用，也不能用于“How long...？”句型中。
(5)带有双宾语的动词，如：give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，ask，pay，borrow，lend，offer，hand，pass，get，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语。
主动语态：I have given him the book.
被动语态：He has been given the book.
被动语态：The book has been given to him.
(6)带有复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语保留。主动语态中为省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要还原to。
主动语态：I have asked him to help you.
被动语态：He has been asked to help you.
主动语态：I have made him work hard.
被动语态：He has been made to work hard.
(7)短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。此类短语动词有：
①动词＋介词
look after，call on，rely on，look for，look at，listen to，dream of，meet with，laugh at，result in，wait for，do with，deal with，operate on，refer to，think of等
②动词＋名词＋介词
pay attention to，make use of，take part in，keep an eye on，make fun of，catch sight of， set fire to，take hold of，take note of，take care of等
③动词＋副词
turn on，turn off，turn out，carry on，carry out，think over，make up，set up，put down，hand in，point out，call up等
主动语态：He has referred to the book.
被动语态：The book has been referred to(by him)．
He has thought of a way of doing it.(√)
A way of doing it has been thought of.(√)
A way of doing it has been thought.(×)
(8)被动语态中应注意的几个问题：
①有些动词和动词短语没有被动形式，也不可用其过去分词作后置定语，如：break out，belong to，arrive，die，become，disappear，take place，happen等。
The American Civil War was broken out in 1861.(×)
应改为：The American Civil War broke out in 1861.
The accident happened yesterday surprised all of us.(×)
应改为：The accident which happened yesterday surprised all of us.
②动词get，buy，sing，cook，fetch，make，spare，find等主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前常加介词for；其他动词的间接宾语前常加介词to。
A present was bought for my best friend.
The gift was given to my best friend.
③如果被动结构中强调行为的工具或使用的材料，用介词with。若暗示动作的执行者，则用介词by。
The tree was cut with an axe.
The floor was swept by someone with a broom.
④英语中常出现的People said that...，They reported that...，They announced that...等结构变为被动语态时，一般用it作形式主语。
People hope that the number of the Milu deer can increase soon.＝It is hoped that the number of the Milu deer can increase soon.
提示：用最精炼的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit 3 Computers
Part Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
文本感知
阅读ANDY—THE ANDROID，完成下列小题
1．Which statement is RIGHT according to the passage
A．Computer robots can't think like a human.
B．Android football players can communicate with each other in a special language.
C．Andy has ever played against a human team.
D．In a way，the robot programmer is like a player.
2．The most important reason why robot players were able to win is that ______.
A．the striker would shout to teammates to give him the ball
B．they not only looked like human, but were as tall as human
C．human provided them with advanced programs and chips
D．they were very strong
3．What is the main difference between an android and a man
A．An android is not the same as a man in size and appearance.
B．It can't talk like a man.
C．It is cleverer than a man.
D．It can't think for itself just as a man does.
答案：1．B 2.C 3.D
导学互动
1．For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.(Reading，speaking and writing，P23)
例如，当我前面没有人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友们示意把球传过来。
1)signal vi.& vt.发信号
The miners trapped in the mine well signaled for help.
被困在矿井下面的矿工们发出了求救信号。
Both sides have signaled their willingness to restart the talk.
双方都发出愿意重新开始谈话的信号。
n. 信号
When we cross the streets，we should follow the traffic signals.
当我们过马路时，应该遵循交通信号的指示。
词汇辨析
signal 侧重信号、暗号等
sign 指事情发生前的迹象和征兆
mark 指具有提示意义的记号、标记或痕迹
(1)英译汉
①He sent a warning signal to us again.
________________________________________________________________________
②The policeman signaled to us to stop.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)单项填空
①The door and the windows were all closed and there was no ______ of forced entry.
A．scene B．signal C．sign D．sight
②When changing lanes，a driver should use his turning ______ to let other drivers know which lane he is entering.
A．signal B．sign C．mark D．way
2．In a way our programmer is like our coach.(Reading，speaking and writing，P23)
从某种程度上看，程序员就像是我们的教练。
in a way 在某种程度上；有几分；从一方面看
In a way I agree with what you said at the meeting.
在某种程度上，我同意你在会上的发言。
To be honest，I like her in a way.
说实话，我有点喜欢她。
The new comer is easy to get along with in a way.
从某方面来看，这个新来的人很好相处。
联想拓展
in one way＝in some way 从某种程度上说
in the way＝in one's way 挡道；妨碍某人
on the/one's way (to.../doing...)在途中；即将做……
in no way 绝不(位于句首应用倒装语序)
in this/that way用这种/那种方式
by the way 顺便
Don't stand in the way.Move aside and let me pass.
不要挡着路，靠边点儿让我过去。
In no way should you lose heart.你绝不应失去信心。
(1)介词填空
①She is ______ her way to becoming a famous singer.
②Tell the boy not to stand ______ the way.
③______ the way，what time is it
(2)单项填空
①The rainy weather helped me ______，which gave me a good excuse to refuse my friends to go to this party or that.
A．in a way B．in the way C．in no way D．by the way
②I can't see the words on the blackboard.Your head is ______.
A．on the way B．in a way C．by the way D．in the way
3．Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.(Reading，speaking and writing，P23)
然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。
arise vi.(arose，arisen)出现；发生
I thought it would be easy，but a lot of problems have arisen.
我本来认为事情很容易，但是出现了很多问题。
As we all know，car accidents arise from carelessness.
众所周知，交通事故是由于粗心大意而产生的。
词汇辨析
arise 不及物动词，意为“出现，发生”；主语通常为抽象名词，一般表示事情或问题的出现
rise 不及物动词，意为“升起，上升”；表示向更高的位置移动
raise 及物动词，意为“使……上升，举起”
一语中的
When the sun rose，a strong wind arose.I had to raise myself from bed to put away things in the yard.
当太阳升起的时候刮起了大风。我不得不起床收拾院子里的东西。
联想拓展
arise from/out of 由……引起；由……产生
rise to one's feet 站起来
give rise to 引起；造成
raise a question提出问题
raise one's voice提高嗓门
(1)用arise/rise/raise的适当形式填空
①Let's ______glasses to friendship between our two persons.
②Nowadays the price of a cup of coffee has ______ by ten cents.
③In recent years，a lot of traffic problems have ______ in many big cities.
(2)单项填空
①They were quarrelling about it，because misunderstanding ______ among them.
A．raised B．rose C．arose D．aroused
②With the development of Chinese economy many unexpected problems have ______.For example，the prices of our daily goods and housing are ______ sharply.
A．risen；raising B．raised；raising
C．arisen；rising D．arisen；raising
4．In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”．(Reading，speaking and writing，P23)
这样，我就可以用“人工智能”编制出新动作。
make up 编造；组成；打扮；化妆；和解
The naughty boy made up a lie to cheat his parents.
这个调皮的男孩编造了一个谎言来欺骗父母。
Women officers make up 13 percent of the public force.
女警占警力的百分之十三。
In general，girls like making themselves up.
一般说来，女孩儿喜欢梳妆打扮。
The couple of lovers quarrelled last night.Have they made up
那对恋人昨天晚上吵架了。他们和好了吗？
联想拓展
make up for 弥补；补偿
be made up of 由……组成
make up one's mind 下决心
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.
勤能补拙。
The football team is made up of 15 players and two coaches.
这个足球队由15名队员和两名教练组成。
(1)介副词填空
①We need one more player to make ______ our school team.
②We should study hard to make up ______ our lost time.
③The committee is made up ______ six men and five women.
(2)单项填空
①The English teacher asked his students to ______ a dialogue after class.
A．take up B．turn up C．make up D．pick up
②American Indians ______ about five percent of the U．S. population.
A．fill up B．bring up C．make up D．set up
5．After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything，using my intelligence is what I'm all about！(Reading，speaking and writing，P23)
不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。
after all 毕竟；终究；到底；别忘了
Of course I admire him；after all，he is a great writer.
我当然钦佩他，毕竟他是一位伟大的作家。
They met with many difficulties，but they succeeded after all.
尽管他们遇到了很多困难，但终究还是成功了。
He hasn't finished the work，but after all，he is very busy recently.
他没完成那项工作，但别忘了，他最近很忙。
联想拓展
above all 最重要的是
first of all 首先
in all总计；总共
all in all总之
at all 究竟，真地(在问句、条件句及肯定句中表示强调)
(1)用after all/above all/first of all/at all填空
①Don't blame him any more.__________，he is still a child.
②If you want to succeed，__________，you should believe in yourself.
③We will study Unit Two today.__________，let's have a dictation.
④He will come before 12 if he comes __________.
(2)单项填空
①I thought I was going to fail the exam，but I passed ______.
A．after all B．first of all C．above all D．in all
②Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ______，he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
A．all in all B．for one thing C．on the contrary D．by the way
③To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，______，honest.
A．therefore B．above all C．however D．after all
6．This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.(Reading，speaking and writing，P24)
这就意味着它要打扫房间、擦地板、做饭、接电话。
deal with处理；涉及；对付
How should we deal with such a troublesome problem
我们如何处理这样一个棘手的问题？
You shouldn't ask her such a problem，which deals with her private things.
你不应该问她这样的问题，这涉及她的隐私。
I am not used to dealing with strangers，while my wife likes dealing with all kinds of people.
我不习惯和陌生人打交道，而我妻子喜欢结交各种人。
短语辨析
deal with “处理，涉及，对付，与……做买卖”；在表示“处理”时，常与how连用
do with “对待，处理，利用，与……有关”；表示“对待”时宾语是表示人的名词，相当于treat；表示“处理，利用”时，常与what连用
What to do with the waste materials and how to deal with them are still a problem.
如何利用和处理这些废料仍然是个问题。
联想拓展
deal sth.out 分发；分配
deal in sth. 经营；做……生意
The leaders are discussing the plan to deal out the new houses.
这些领导正在讨论分配新房子的方案。
My mother deals in silk in our city.
我妈妈在我们市做丝绸生意。
(1)用deal with/do with/deal out填空
①We don't know what to ____________these old machines.
②I don't know how to ____________ my spare time.
③All kinds of goods were donated to the flooded areas，and then they were ____________among the local people.
(2)单项填空
①In many people's opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant ______.
A．to deal with B．dealing with
C．to be dealt with D．dealt with
②With a lot of things ______，the manager will have a difficult time.
A．to deal with B．deal with
C．dealing with D．dealt with
③We don't know ______ to deal with the traffic accident，so we asked the traffic police ______ to do with it.
A．what；what B．how；how
C．what；how D．how；what
7．It should also watch over my naughty niece ...(Reading，speaking and writing，P24)
它还要照看我调皮的侄女……
watch over看管；监视
The farmers there use specially trained dogs to watch over their sheep at night.
那儿的农民用受过特殊训练的狗在夜间看守羊群。
Watch out！What you are doing is being watched over.
当心！你的所作所为都在监视之中。
短语链接
watch out当心；注意
watch out for提防；小心
watch one's step 走路小心；谨慎行事
watch it 当心；小心
watch for 观察；小心
You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.
如果你不小心就会受骗。
Watch out for that tall man，who may be a thief.
当心那个高个子男人，他有可能是小偷。
(1)介副词填空
①Watch out______ the coming and going cars while crossing the streets.
②A person must be sent there to watch ______the building materials in the building site.
③Watch ______！There is a danger ahead.
(2)单项填空
①In some countries poisonous snakes can be used to ______ the jewels in the shop at night.
A．watch over B．watch out C．look out D．take over
②We shouldn't harm others，but we should ______ for the people around us.
A．watch out B．watch C．notice D．watch over
答案：1．1)(1)①他再次向我们发出警告信号。
②警察示意我们停下来。
(2)①C 提示：scene“场景，景色”；signal“信号”；sign“迹象”；sight“视野”。句意为：“门窗都关闭着，没有强行侵入的迹象。”由句意可知，C项正确。
②A 提示：句意为：“当变换车道时，司机应该使用转向(灯)信号让其他司机知道他要进入哪个车道。”signal“信号”；sign“迹象，征兆”；mark“标记，记号”；way“方式，方法”。
2．(1)①on ②in ③By
(2)①A 提示：句意为“下雨天在某种程度上帮了我，这使我有很好的理由拒绝朋友去参加这样或那样的宴会”。in a way“在某种程度上”；in the way“挡道，妨碍”；in no way“绝不”；by the way“顺便”。
②D 提示：句意为：“我看不到黑板上的字，被你的头挡住了。”on the way “在途中”；in a way“在某种程度上”；by the way “顺便”；in the way “挡道，妨碍”。
3．(1)①raise ②risen ③arisen
(2)①C 提示：句意为“他们为此事争吵，因为他们之间产生了误解”。在表示误解、分歧、问题等发生或产生时应用arise；raise为及物动词；rise意为“升起，上升”；arouse为及物动词，意为“激起，唤醒”。
②C 提示：在表示问题“出现”时应用arise；而rise则表示“(价格等的)上升”；raise意为“举起，使上升”。
4．(1)①up ②for ③of
(2)①C 提示：make up a dialogue“编写对话”。
②C 提示：句意为：“美洲印第安人约占美国人口的5%。” fill up“填充”；bring up“培养，抚养”；make up“占据，组成，构成”；set up“建立”。
5．(1)①After all ②above all ③First of all ④at all
(2)①A 提示：句意为“我本以为我考试会不及格，但终究还是通过了”。after all“终究，最终”；first of all“首先”；above all“尤其重要的是”；in all“总共”。
②C 提示：考查副词短语。句意：布朗说他一点儿也不恼火，相反，他很高兴能够让别人清楚地理解他的想法。all in all“总而言之，总的说来”；for one thing“首先，一则”；on the contrary “(与此)相反，正相反”；by the way“顺便说说，顺便提起”。
③B 提示：句意为：“要想成为一个伟大的人，你必须得聪明、自信，并且最重要的是诚实。”therefore“因此，所以”；above all“首先，尤其是，最重要的是”；however“然而，可是”；after all“毕竟，终究”。
6．(1)①do with ②deal with ③dealt out
(2)①A 提示：某些作表语的形容词，常用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这些形容词有hard，difficult，easy，comfortable，interesting，light，heavy，dangerous等。be pleasant to deal with意思是“相处起来舒适”。
②A 提示：由the manager will have a difficult time 可知，此处应该为“with＋n.＋不定式”这一复合结构，表示还没发生的事情，即，由于很多事情需要处理，那位经理将会心烦。
③D 提示：deal with和do with都有“处理”之意，deal with常与how连用而do with则与what连用。句意为：“我们不知道如何处理这起交通事故，因此我们问交警怎么处理。”
7．(1)①for ②over ③out
(2)①A 提示：watch over“看管，监视”；watch out“当心，注意”；look out“当心，向外看”；take over“接管，占领”。句意为：“在一些国家，晚上用毒蛇来看管商店里的珠宝。”
②A 提示：句意为“害人之心不可有，防人之心不可无”。watch out for sb.“提防某人”。
提示：用最精炼的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit 3 Computers
Part Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
一、佳作展示与背诵
现在电脑已经走进普通人的家庭，它在给我们带来方便的同时也带来了问题。
电脑的优势 1.方便查询信息2．可以玩游戏、可以用QQ或MSN聊天、听音乐3．发电子邮件和朋友保持联系等
电脑的劣势 1.长时间使用电脑危害身体健康2．有些人痴迷于网络游戏，不能专心工作和学习，浪费大量的宝贵时间3．很多不良信息对青少年产生不良影响
你的观点 ……
根据以上信息写一篇英语短文。
注意：1.可根据内容需要适当增加细节；
2．词数：100词左右；
3．参考词汇：对……上瘾 be addicted to；方便convenience
As we all know，we're in the time of information technology.Computers have come into millions of homes.However，computers have their own advantages and disadvantages.
On the one hand，people can find any information that they need on a computer.They can also play computer games，have a chat on QQ or MSN，and listen to music for entertainment in their spare time.Besides，people can send emails to their friends to keep in touch with each other.On the other hand，computers have caused a lot of problems.It does great harm to people's health if they use a computer for a long time.What's more， some people are so addicted to computer games that they waste a lot of valuable time，and they can't be devoted to their work and study.What's worse，the bad information on computer has bad effects on teenagers.
In my opinion，though computers bring us much convenience，we should make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages.
二、思路点拨
本文是写一个问题的两个方面，即电脑的利与弊。第一段首先说明电脑的普及以及其利弊。第二段用on the one hand和on the other hand分别详细说明电脑的利与弊，这一部分是所写文章的重点，不要漏掉所给要点。在详细说明电脑利与弊的同时，可以适当增加一些细节，但不可无限扩充。最后用in my opinion 陈述自己的观点，这一观点要简明扼要，不可拖泥带水。这样能使所写的文章段落分明，层次清晰，使两种对立的观点在文中融为一体，同时体现出布局谋篇的能力。
三、经典句式
1．As we all know，we're in the time of information technology.
本句运用了as引导的定语从句。
2．What's more，some people are so addicted to computer games that they waste a lot of valuable time， and they can't be devoted to their work and study.
本句运用了what's more这一连接词，以及so...that...这一句型，展示出语言功底。
3．本文运用了however，on the one hand，on the other hand，besides，what's more，what's worse，in my opinion等这些语段中的连接词，从而使所写文章过渡自然，符合高考的要求。
提示：用最精炼的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。
