U2T2导学案

Unit 2 Topic 2 Section A
学习目标
1.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法；
2.进一步了解有关环境污染的一些情况，提高环境保护意识。
预习案
一、 读1a，回答1b的问题
二、 读(2) ，用所给的单词填写空格
三、 在文中找到并划出下面的短语
1.读这篇文章______
2.世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国
3.（作为）结果,因此_____
4.一些有用的措施__________
5.（我们中）没有人____
6.到处丢垃圾____
7.当众吐痰_______
8.踩踏草坪______________
9.采摘花朵_________
10.关爱野生动物___
11.多种树_____________
12.给政府提建议______
13.发出很大的噪音______
14.更差的是
15.制定规章制度________
16.遵守规章制度(2)__
17.对…来说很难__________
18.一开始
19.尽他们最大努力去做某事_______
20.变得越来越好______________
21.一天天，逐日______________
22.迅速消失______________
23完全灭亡, 灭绝_______
24.过着安静的生活_____________
e to realize___________
26.保护动物的重要性_________
27.破坏环境____________________
【探究案】在文中划出下面的句子并分析
1. It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal. 译：________
点拨：It says that --- 书上/报纸上…说…(后接宾语从句), that可以省略
链接：a. _____ --- 据说 b. --- 据报道
c.It’s (well) known that -- 众所周知 d.It’s believed that --人们相信
练习： a.据报道,近几年来气温已经变高了。
____ ____ ______ _____the temperature ______ _______ _________.
b.众所周知，她是一位著名的医生。 .
c.人们相信吸烟导致癌症。 .
d.报纸上说污染仍是个严重的问题。 .
2. But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.
译：_________
点拨：something useful---一些有用的事(形容词后置修饰复合不定代词)
练习：没什么有趣的事情 ______________ 一些重要的事情
没什么特殊的事情
链接：enough修饰形容词或副词时也要后置
练习：足够大________________ 足够宽_________________
3. None of us likes pollution. 译：_______________________
点拨：none --- 没有一个，没有一点儿(代词)
比较：①none 既可指人，也可指物；no one = nobody只能指人，不能指物。
②none 后常接of构成 none of …短语, 后接 a. 不可数名词（谓语用单数）
b.复数名词，代词，单数集合名词(谓语用单复数均可)
③no one = nobody后不接of 短语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数，可以与else连用，none不可以。
注意：no one 用来回答who 提问，none 用来回答how many 或how much 提问。
练习：a. 我的朋友都没有去过那里。________ of my friends _ /___ been there .
b. 以前没有人去过那儿。_________________________________________.
c. 没有其他的人知道这件事。 ______ ______ _________ knows about that.
d. ---谁和他一起去的那儿？---没有人。- has gone with him --- __________________.
e. 多少学生曾经去过美国？没有一个人。
students have ever been to America ---________ .
f. 没有人喜欢污染。________ of the people like pollution.
=__________ likes pollution.
4. Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees. 译：________
比较：everyone和 every one
点拨：
everyone =everybody---大家，每人(不定代词), 作主语时谓语用单数。（不能跟of短语，反意疑问句中they替换）
练习：a. 人到齐了，不是吗？ 译：________ ______ here, ________ ________
b. 每个人都在家呆着，不是吗？
译：________ ______ at home, _________ __________
点拨：every one---每一个, 可以指人=everyone，也可以指物, 作主语时谓语用单数。(后跟of 短语）
练习：a.我们每个人都有工作的权利。_______ ______ us _____ a right to work.
b.他把每一个月饼都吃了。He ate up _______ _______ ______ the cakes.
c.我认识他们中的每个人。I know _______ _______ _______ ________.
d.我们班每个人都爱学英语。________ in our class ________ English.
点拨：care for… --- 照顾… 同义词组 ____________ /____________
拓展：好好照顾…--- a.____________ b.___________ c._____________
5.We should do everything we can to protect the environment.译：____________
点拨：everything---每件事物，一切(不定代词), 作主语时，谓语用单数。(反意疑问句中they替换）
练习：1)宴会的准备工作现在都已就绪，不是吗？
_____ ______ ________ for the party, _____ _______
2)一切顺利，不是吗？
____________________________，________________
点拨：everything we can (do)----我们能做的一切
拓展：everything he likes---_________________
everything you know---____________________
练习：1)Take it easy. We’ll do everything we can to help you. 译：_________________
2)为了让他高兴妈妈给她买了她喜欢的一切。
Her mom _________ ________ _____ ____ ___make her happy.
3)你应该把你知道的一切都告诉他。
You should _______ _______ _______ _______ ________.
6. Can you give some advice to the government 译：____________
点拨：give some advice to sb.=give sb. some advice 给…提建议
注意：advice 是不可数名词；可数名词建议是________________
练习：一条建议 (可数名词) ______ (不可数名词)
听取某人的建议 ___________________
7.Even worse, some of them are quite rude when talking to others.
译：_____________________________________
点拨：when talking to others = when (they are )talking to others 是一个省略句; 在when, while 引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式,可同时省略从句的主语和be
练习：1)过马路时一定要小心。
Do be careful when/while __ __________ _________.
2)走在回家的路上我遇见了她。When/While _ , I met her.
8.Everyone knows their behavior is bad, but none of us knows how to stop them. 译：__________________________________
点拨：how to stop them在句中作knows的宾语。疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。作主语时，谓语用单数。
练习：1)到哪里去还是个问题。
_______ _____ ______ ______still a question. 作_____语
2)问题是怎样学好英语。
The question is __ learn English well. 作_____语
3)他会建议你们如何处理这件事。
He will advise you it. 作_____语
4我不知道下一步做什么。
I don’t know __ next. 作_____语
【归纳】
I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. If you want to learn English well, you’d better speak it as ___ (many) as possible.
2. Don’t be afraid of ____ (catch) SARS.
3. I was ______ (surprise) to hear from my friend.
4. I happened _____ (meet) an old friend of mine this morning.
5. Our teacher hopes ____ (get) a good result.
6. I wish we ____ (can) talk with animals.
II. 汉译英
1. 在公共场合吐痰是不礼貌的。
It’s impolite to spit _____________________.
2. 很多古老的习俗正在消失。
Many old customers are ____________________.
3. 雨下得很大，结果我们不能出去。
It rained hard. ____________________________, we couldn’t go out.
4. 什么也不能阻止我们达到我们的目标。
___________ will prevent us from ______________ our aims.
5. 绿色长城已经挽救大量的农田。
The Great Green Wall ________________a lot of land.
III. 选用下列短语或短句填空
I hope so, as soon as, as if, in surprise, as well, the same as, be afraid of, happen to, to one’s surprise, I’m afraid so
1. ---Is she really ill
----__________. She’s in hospital.
2. He can speak English and Chinese _____________.
3. The color of my purse is ____ yours.
4. Do you know what _________________ him
5. The old woman ____________ getting lost in the big city.
6. As he heard the news he was _________.
7. ---We won’t go to company next Sunday. I’m so tired.
---__________.
8. The old man looked so tired _________ he was really ill.
9. _________, I don’t know how he worked out such an difficult problem.
10. I’ll tell the good news _____ we sin the football match.
Unit 2 topicc2 Section B
学习目标
谈论森林和水资源的重要性，培养学生的环保意识。
预习案
一、 读1a，回答1b.
二、 在文中找到并划出下面的短语
1.刮大风
2.伴有很多沙尘
3.走在路上_____________
4.刚才_____________
5.砍伐太多的树木______
6.造成沙尘暴_____________
7.结果________________
8.大量富饶的土地_______
9.变成沙漠______________
10.阻止大风刮走泥土_________
11.阻止流水冲走泥土______
12.对人类有害__________
13.绿色长城____________________
14.需要努力工作__________
15.形成 ______________________
16.颁布法律
17.记得去关水龙头 __
18.循环利用废水 _
【探究案】 在文中划出下面的句子并分析
1.What bad weather! 译：____________________________________
总结：What引导的感叹句--- a. What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数！ b. What+ a/an+形容词+可数名词单数！
练习：1）多么繁忙的一天呀！
2）多么大的雪呀！ _______
3）多么艰苦的工作呀！ _
4）多么轻松地工作啊！
5) 多么美丽的花呀！ ____________________
2.As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.
译：________________________________________
点拨：change …into…（把…变成…）= turn… into…
练习：1)加热能使水变成蒸汽。
Heat ________ _ _____ water ________ steam.
2)他们正在使沙漠变成农田。They ________ ________ desert ________ farmland.
3)Could you change this article into English
译：__________________________________________________
3.Trees can also stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
译：___________________________________________
They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.
译：_______________________________________
Stop factories pouring waste water into rivers.
译：____________________________________________________
点拨：stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth. = prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. --- 阻止…做某事 (from可以省略)
链接：同义词组 keep sb./sth. from doing sth. --- 阻止…做某事（from不能省略）
练习：1)大雨使我们无法外出。
a. ____________________________
b. ______________________
c. _________________
2)昨天我因病没法去游泳。
a. ____________________________
b. ______________________
c. _________________
4.Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.
译：________________________________
思考：cutting down trees是____词短语在句子中作_____语，谓语用______数。
练习：1)散步是我的爱好。 my hobby.
2)打乒乓球很有意思。 great fun.
3)阅读使人完美。 a man .
5.Although we have built “The Great Green Wall”, we still need to work hard to protect the environment.
译：_________________________
点拨：although 是 词，有“虽然，尽管”和“不过，然而”两层意思，引导 状语从句，
可以和 互换，although 较正式， 更为口语化，使用更普遍些。
注意：although 引导的从句不能与but, however同时连用，但常与yet, still 连用。
练习：a.虽然他老了，但是他仍然继续努力工作。
_________ he_____ old, he still _________ working hard.
b.当时我觉得她错了,不过我什么也没说。
_________ I _______ she was wrong at that time, I ______ _______.
6. Remember to turn the tap off when you leave.
译：_____________________________
点拨：①remember to do sth. 记着做了某事（事情还没做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（事情已做）
链接： 忘记做了某事（事情还没做）
忘记做过某事（事情已做）
练习：a.别忘了放学后关门窗。
译： _____________________
b.我记得曾告诉过你关于她的事。
译： ___________________________________
点拨：②turn off 关上（灯、水龙头、电器等）
链接：打开 开大 关小_____________
归纳
I. 汉译英
1. 你能就怎样才能学好英语给我们提些建议吗？
Can you __________________on how to learn English well
2. 我们必须为保护我们的环境做些有用的事情。
We must __________________ our environment.
3. 由于空气污染，城里许多人的健康状况很差。
Many people __________________ for the air pollution.
4. 我们应该关心那些处于困境中的人们。
We should _____________ the people _________________________.
5. 在我们的城市里，学多教学楼正在兴建。
In our city, many teaching buildings ______________________.
6. 如果人人都为保护环境作出贡献，一百年后我们这个世界会是什么样子呢？
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, what ________________________ in a hundred years
II. 改错
1. Because the dress is beautiful and it fits me well, so I want to buy it.
2. Neither Bill nor I are good at swimming. We are fond of baseball.
3. There is interesting something in today’s newspaper.
4. Would you like to have anything more
5. Each of the students are busy reviewing for the final examination.
III. 按要求变化下列各句
1. Bill and Tony both like swimming. （改为同义句）
____ Bill _____ Tony like swimming.
2. You ought to finish the work today. （改为否定句）
You _________ finish the work today.
3. There is something wrong with my computer. （改为否定句）
There _________________ wrong with my computer.
4. Reading on the bus is bad for your eyes. （改为同义句）
It is ___ for your eyes _____ on the bus.
5. “Don’t open the door!” My mother said. （改为间接引语）
My mother ______ me _____ open the door.
Unit 2 topic 2 Section C
学习目标
1.进一步学习各种污染对地球的危害和造成这些污染的原因；
2.能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。
预习案
一、读1a，完成1b
二、 在文中找到并划出下面的短语
1.臭氧层_________________
2.更多的二氧化碳____________
3.在地球上；究竟________
4.在这个时期_______________
5.大大改变了我们的星球__
6.全世界(2)_________________
7.数以百外计的树木__________
8.拿走，取走______________
9.污染空气_________________
10.越来越多种类的动植物____
11.一种特殊的氧气___________
12.形成一个非常大的洞_______
13.来自太阳的有害的射线_
14.穿过这个洞_______
15.直接地到达地球________
16.致癌_________________
17.增加了许多______________
18.燃油__________________
19.来自太阳的热量__________
20.温室效应_________________
21.海平面__________________
22.全球气候________________
23.涉及，有关，提到_______
【探究案】 在文中划出下面的句子并分析
1.Some things we’ve done are very good for the earth while some are bad.
译：_______________________________
点拨：①Some things we’ve done --- 我们已经做过的事情,在句子中作主语 the films they’ve seen---____________
②while 并列连词，“而，却”，表示对照关系。
练习：a.她妹妹喜欢唱歌，而她喜欢阅读。
b.昨天他们都出去了，而她却留在家里。
链接：while--- 在…时 --- 从属连词，常引导含有延续性动词的时间状语从句，表示一个动作在进行的同时，另一个动作也在发生
练习：我做作业时，妈妈正在做饭。
while--- 一会儿，一段时间 --- 名词 常用短语：for a while --- 一会儿
练习：我们将离开一会儿。
2.When it rains or when the wind blows the earth is taken away.
译：________________________________________
点拨：take away 拿走，取走, 句子中是被动语态
练习：a. 我不喜欢这些书，请把它们拿走。 ________________________
b. They took away everything they like when they left. 译：________
拓展：与take 有关的词组
脱下，（飞机）起飞
把…带到…去
发生
乘公交车，轮船，火车
轮流，替换
照顾，照看
拍照
休息一下
坐下
吃药
吸毒
花费某人时间做某
锻炼
3.The heat from the sun can’t escape so the temperature is rising.
译：_______________________________________
点拨：rise --- 升起，上升 (不及物动词)
拓展：raise ①举起，提起，抬起 ； ② 筹集 (及物动词)
练习：1)太阳从东方升起。The sun ________ in the east.
2)河水在慢慢地上涨。
The water in the river _______ __________ ___________.
3)让我们为友谊干杯。Let’s ______ glasses to _________ ____________.
4)He raised his voice to make everyone hear him clearly.
译：________________________________________
【归纳】
I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Do you realize the _______ (important) of studying English
2. Liu Yu is working for some _____ (organize) of the young.
3. Human beings have destroyed the environment, so it has _____ (punish) us.
4. The pet dog’s _____ (die) made my sister very sad.
5. We must save the animals in _____ (dangerous).
II. 汉译英
1. 树木和草能阻止水把土壤冲走。
Trees and grass can ____________________________.
2. 请按时交作业。
Please hand in your homework _________________.
3. 务必让他知道在几点钟开始。
________________________ to let him know when the meeting begins.
4. 你明天可以乘公共汽车或小汽车去那儿。
You can take ________________ to go there tomorrow.
5. 我们明天有许多作业要做，所以我们要早起。
We have ___________________________ tomorrow, so we need to get up early.
6. 我认为我们中没有人喜欢污染。
I think __________________ likes pollution.
7. 窗户能让阳光进入房间和阻止风吹进房间。
Windows can let the sunlight into the room and ____ the wind ______ into the room.
8. 这个工厂每天排放大量废水流进河中。
Plenty of waste water in the factory _____ the river every day.
9. 结果，在老师的帮助下。他们取得了很大的进步。
__________, they have made great progress with the help of the teacher.
10. 我们每个人都在竭力学好英语。
Every one of us _____ learning English well.
III. 阅读对话，完成所缺单词
A: What are you going to do
B: We’re going to (1)________ trees on the hill.
A: There are many trees there. (2)__________ are you going to plant more
B: The more, the (3)____. You know, air (4)_____ has been a serious problem. We must do everything we can to stop it from being (5)____________. Trees can help make the air clean. (6)_____ we know, (7)______ of us likes pollution.
A: You are right. We can see many factories pouring dirty water into rivers or seas. That’s (8)_____ behavior.
B: Yes. It’s (9)________ to the earth.
A: So the government should take measures to stop them from doing so.
B: And we should pay (10)_______ to protecting the environment.
A: Let’s try our best together.
Unit 2 topic 2 Section D
学习目标
1.总结不定代词和不定副词的用法；
2.认识垃圾污染的危害，让学生意识到环境保护的重要性。
预习案
一、读1a，完成1b.
二、 在文中找到并划出下面的短语
1.大约四亿三千万吨废品________
2.占用,占据_____________
3.同时___________
4.处理废品________________
5.在所有的垃圾中____________
6.需要占用太多的空间____________
7.做某事有困难______________
8.花费太高______________________
9.循环使用7/20的垃圾_______
10.divide the class into several groups__
11.discuss their own uses__________
12.更糟糕的是___________
13.像爱他们自己的孩子一样爱我___
14.为他们做更多有用的事情______
【探究案】 在文中划出下面的句子并分析
At the same time, dealing with the waste costs too much money.
译：________________________________________
How shall we deal with it 译：___________________________________
点拨①：deal with sb./sth. --- 对付，应付，对待某人或某事 同义词组: do with
比较：deal with (多和how 连用) / do with (多和what 连用)
练习：你是如何处理这个问题的？
a. did you ____ _____ the problem = b. did you _____ _____ the problem
巩固：a.他善于应付压力。 He pressure.
b.我用了一上午的时间处理这些电子邮件。
I________ the whole morning_______ _______ these e-mails.
c.She is used to dealing with all kinds of people.
译：______________________________________________
点拨②：花费大盘点
1.) It takes sb. 时间 to do sth. --- 做某事花费某人….时间
2.) 人 spend 钱或时间 (in) doing sth. --- 某人花费钱或时间做某事
on sth. --- 某人在某物上花费钱或时间
3.) 人 pay 钱 for 物 --- 某人为某物付钱 4.) 物 cost 钱 --- 某物价值多少钱
练习:a.完成那篇作文花了我三天时间。
1)spend---_____________________________________________________
2)take---______________________________________________________
b.他花了一万元买了这辆二手车
1)spend__________________________
2)pay__________________________________
3)cost________________________
c. I paid ten yuan for the book. (写出同义句)
The book ________ ___________ ten yuan.
I _________ ten yuan __________ the book.
【归纳】
一、分析下面单词的词性及意思
Behave_____________ ( )
important_____________ ( )
though_____________ ( )
prevention_____________ ( )
pollution_____________ ( )
raise_____________ ( )
radiate _____________ ( )
cycle _____________ ( )
二、写出下面动词的过去式---过去分词
make_______ _______
mean_______ _______
meet_______ _______
mistake_______ _______
overeat_______ _______
pay_______ _______
prove_______ _______
put_______ _______
read_______ _______
rebuild _______ _______
retell_______ _______
ride_______ _______
ring_______ _______
rise_______ _______
run_______
话题测试Unit 2 Topic 2
一、词汇：(A)从方框中选择正确的词并用其适当形式填空：
,come, produce, use, teach, disappear, strong
1. The wind blew __________ last night.
2. The rest of the students _________ from the countryside.
3. My mother__________ in this school for 30 years.
4. China has become the largest _________ and _________ of coal.
5. Some animals are in danger of ___________ because of pollution.
(B)根据汉语意思，填入所缺的单词：
1. We have done _______ ________(一些有用的事情)to protect the environment.
2.People have ____ _____ _____(逐渐认识到)that it’s important to protect the environment.
3. _________ ________(砍伐)too many trees is bad for our environment.
4. Trees can keep water from___________ _________(流失)
5. Chatting on line __________ __________(占据)her too much time every year.
6. At last, sandstorms _________ ________ __________(形成了)
(C)请区分stop to do sth.__________, stop doing sth.___________,
stop…from doing sth.___________
根据汉语意思，将句子补充完整：
The forests can stop the wind from _________ the earth _________(吹走)
He is too tired. He has to stop _______ ________ _________ _________(休息)
When the teacher came in, the students _________ _________(停止讲话)
二、重点语法和句型：
（1）复合不定代词和不定副词用法：
1）复合不定代词作主语时，视为________数；
2）不定代词/副词被形容词修饰时，应放在形容词的_____面。
(A)从方框中选择正确的词并用其适当形式填空：
everybody, something, anybody, somebody
1.__________shouldn’t smoke in the public place.
2._________should learn to protect the environment.
3. I can’t find my book, maybe __________ has taken it away.
4. _____________must be done to stop polluting the earth.
(B)选择填空：
( )1. The government has done ______ for the protection of environment.
A. useful something B. useful anything C. something useful D. anything useful
( )2. ---You look so happy. ---They say I’m beautiful._____ has told me like that.
A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Everybody D. Nobody
( )3.---Hi, Bob! I can’t find my history book. Have you seen it _____
----Sorry, I haven’t. Why don’t you ask Jim Perhaps he has seen it.
A. somewhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. anywhere
( )4. Nothing ______ difficult if you work hard. A. am B. is C. are D. be
(2) 普通不定代all, none, both, neither及either的用法。
(A)请用以上的5个词填空：
1. ________ of my parents are office workers.
2. The old man has two sons. But _______ of them lives with him. So he is very lonely.
3._________ of my classmates are interested in English.
4. It’s a long journey, but ________ of four felt boring.
5. ---- Would you like tea or coffee ------________ is OK.
(B)根据汉语意思，将句子补充完整：
1. _______ Tom ________(既不……也不)Jim has been to America.
2. Jane likes ________ English ________(都) Chinese.
3. The shirts I tried on were _________ big ________(要么……要么) small, so I didn’t buy one.
三、选择填空：
( )1.It’s time for class, you must stop __ to your teacher.
A. listening B. to listen C. listened D. listen
( )2.Either Tom or Lucy ____ to America.
A. have gone B. has gone C. have D .has
( )3.Trees can _____ water from _____ away.
A. keep, run B. keeps, running C. keep, to run D. keep, running
( )4.It_____ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _____ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.
A. spent, circling B. took, circling C. spent, to travel D. took, to circle
( )5.The pollution made Harbin City _____ its water supply for 5 days.
A. cut down B. to cut off C. cut off D. turn off
( )6.______ we were very tired, ______ we still went on working.
A. Because, / B. Because, so C. Although, but D. Although, /
( )7.Don’t step _____ the grass and pick flowers ______ us.
A. in, around B. on, around C. on, among D. on between
四、从方框中选择适当的词，完成下列短文：
,way, die, million, take, good, important, grow up, visit
Have you ever planted a few trees before Each year, ________ of people, both old and young, plant a lot of trees. But this may not be the best ________ to make your home a greener place.
Last week we __________ a park nearby. We were surprised to find most of the trees had been burned. The workers told us that the trees ___________soon after they were planted because they weren’t watered _________ enough. So workers burned them and cleaned the place for new trees to be planted this year. On a card found in one of the dead trees, a student wrote, “I hope this tree _________ with me to be the backbone(栋梁)of our country”. The workers said that the survival(继续生长)of the trees was really ___________ than the number of the trees that were planted.
Some people in Beijing now have an idea that they can donate(捐赠) some money and let professionals(专业人员) plant and __________ care of the trees.
五、根据提示词，写出四条作为学生我们可以做的能保护环境的建议：
1.(rubbish) _______________________
2. (spit) ____________________________
3. (grass, flowers) _____________________
4. (animals, trees) ________________________
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