Section B Using language
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、学会本节语法。
知识运用
1.diet
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
a healthy/balanced/poor diet健康的/均衡的/糟糕的饮食
be on a diet在节食（表示状态）
go on a diet开始节食（表示动作）
follow a diet按照规定饮食
stick to a diet坚持某一种饮食
练习：Have you been _____ a diet You have lost a lot of weight.
2.addict
词性：_________ 意思：________
a video game addict电子游戏迷
a TV addict电视迷
a shopping addict购物狂
【单词积累】
addicted adj.（人）上瘾的；对……着迷的
addictive adj.（药物等）使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
addiction n.瘾；入迷，嗜好
be/become/get addicted to对……上瘾；沉迷于……（to是介词）
练习：What he is worried about is that his son has been addicted to _____ (play) computer games.
3.in case
意思：________
【归纳拓展】
in case of sth.要是……, 在……的时候（尤用于官方告示）
in any case无论如何，不管怎样
in this/that case既然这样/那样；如果这样/那样的话
in no case决不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
as is often the case（with）（对……）是常有的事
练习：Take an umbrella with you, in case it _____ (rain).
4.trick
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
搭配：play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
trick sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth.从某人处骗走某物
【归纳拓展】
play a joke/jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人
make fun of sb.取笑某人
练习：The trick is _____ (pick) the animal up by the back of its neck.
5.differ
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
搭配：
differ in在……方面不同
differ from与……不同
differ with sb.about/on/over sth.与某人在某事上持不同意见
【归纳拓展】
be different from与……不同
be different in在……方面不同
练习：Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _____ size and shape.
6.recommend
词性：_________ 意思：________
搭配
recommend sth.to sb. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb.for… 推荐某人做（某职位）
recommend doing sth.建议做某事
recommend that sb.（should）do sth.建议某人做某事
It's recommended that...（should）do... 建议.....
练习：I recommend this book _____ anyone with an interest in chemistry.
语法讲解
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的某种语气或情绪，如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面接动词原形；没有人称和数的变化（be able to，have to除外）；有些情态动词有过去式，如：can-could，may-might，will-would，dare-dared，have to-had to等。
1. be able to be able to
后接动词原形，表示某人做某事的能力，可用于大多数时态。用于过去时态时，还可表示“某人过去或当时成功地做了某事”。
I will be able to speak German in another two months.
再过两个月我就能说德语了。
I haven't been able to read that report yet.我还没能看那份报告。
They were able to escape from the building when the fire broke out.火灾发生时，他们设法从大楼里逃了出来。
【用法辨析】can与be able to
（1）can与be able to都表示能力，在许多情况下可以交替使用。
但can只有现在式和过去式（could），而be able to则有更多的形式。
（2）can一般指自身具有的能力，而如果要表达将来的能力，一般要用will be able to
（3）be able to的过去式was/were able to在肯定句中可表示过去设法做成了某事，相当于managed to do，而could则无此意义。
2. dare
dare意为“胆敢，敢于"，既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。
（1）dare作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，但有过去式dared，后接动词原形，否定式为dare not/daren't, 多用于否定句或疑问句。
I am so afraid that I dare not move.我害怕得不敢动。
Dare you tell her the truth？你敢告诉她真相吗？
She dared not breathe a word of it to anybody.她对任何人都只字不提此事
（2）dare作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化，后接带to的不定式，否定式要在其前加don't/doesn't/didn'to不定武符号to有时可以省略。
I am so afraid that I don't dare to move.我害怕得不敢动。
Do you dare to fight him？你敢和他对抗吗？
He didn't dare（to）say what he thought.他不敢说出他的想法。
【学法点拨】
情态动词dare可用于以下结构：I dare say...我想/我认为……
How dare you...你怎么敢……？
I dare say he will fail.我认为他会失败。
How dare you say such a thing？你怎么敢说这样的话？
3. have to
have to表示“必须，不得不”，是由于客观情况而必须，have to的否定形式don't have to表示“不必”，可用于各种时态中。
They had to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather由于天气不好，他们不得不推迟运动会。
You don't have to knock-just walk in.不必敲门进来就是了。
【用法辨析】have to与must
have to must
强调客观需要 强调主观看法
有多种时态形式 只有一种形式
否定形式表示“不必” 否定形式表示“禁止”
I have to learn another language.
我不得不学另一种语言。（客观情况使得）
I must learn another language.我必须学另一种语言。（说话人的意愿）
You don't have to tell others.你不必告诉别人。
You mustn't tell others.你不准告诉别人。
4 had better
had better意为“最好”，主要用来表示劝告或建议。用于一般现在时或一般将来时，适用于所有人称，否定式为had better no。
had better do sth.最好做某事
had better not do sth.最好不要做某事
We had better call in a specialist at this critical moment.
在这个关键时刻我们最好请一位专家来。
You had better not do that.你最好不要那样做。
We'd better not just talk and let's help them.我们最好不要光说不做，让我们来帮助他们。
5 need
need意为“需要，有必要”，既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。
（1）need作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，常用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为need not/needn't，意为“不必”。
needn't have done表示实际上做了本来不必做的事，意为“本来不必”。
You needn't finish that work today.你不必今天做完这项工作。
Need I pay the whole amount now？我必须现在全部付清吗？
You needn't have worried about the dinner—it was delicious！你原本不必为这顿饭担心的-味道棒极了！
【误区警示】
①以need开头的疑问句，否定回答可用needn't，肯定回答用must.
②以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to.
（2）need作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，后接名词、代词、动名词、带to的不定式，用于陈述句、否定句或疑问句中均可，否定式和疑问式要借助助动词do/does/did need作实义动词时常用于下列句式：
sb. need（s）to do sth.某人需要做某事（主语与do为主动关系）
sth. need（s）doing/to be done某事/某物需要被（主语与do为被动关系）
He needs to win this game to stay in the match. 他得赢下这场比赛以免被淘汰出局。
This shirt needs washing. / This shirt needs to be washed.这件衬衫该洗了。
练习：
单句写作
1. According to Professor Johnson, we _________________（不必读这本书）if we don't want to，as it is optional.
2.Everyone in the office complains that he smells awful，but nobody_____________（敢跟他说）
3.I _____________________（将会说德语）in another two months.
4.You ___________________（最好回家）now before the rain starts.
5.I _________________（不得不承认），the idea of marriage scares me.
答案
知识运用
1.on 2.playing 3.rains/ should rain 4.to pick 5.in 6.to
语法讲解
1.don't have to read the book 2.dares (to) mention it to him 3.will be able to speak German 4.had better go home 5.have to admit
2Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. take to
意思：________
搭配
take to doing sth.养成做某事的习惯
take to sb./sth.对某人/某物产生好感
【归纳拓展】
take apart 开，拆卸 take back收回（说错的话）；退回take down拿下；记下
take in吸收；收留；欺骗；理解take on呈现；雇用；承担 take away拿走；使消失
take over接管，接任take up 拿起；占据；开始从事
take off 脱下；起飞；突然开始成功；休假
练习：Jane has taken to _____ (get) up early since the beginning of this term.
2.sort
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
搭配
all sorts of（=all kinds of）各种各样的（名词前）
of all sorts各种各样的（名词后）
this/that sort of这/那种（名词前）of this/that sort这/那种（名词后）
sort of（-kind of）有几分，有点儿（用于动词或形容词之前作状语，表程度）
sort…ito... 把……分成……
sort out 整理；挑出；解决
练习：If you don't sort _____ the papers on your desk regularly, your desk will be in a mess soon.
3.suffer
词性：_________ 意思：________
suffer直接接宾语，表示“受……之苦”；suffer接from再接宾语表示“因……受苦"，from表示原因。
suffer from a bad back背疼
suffer from a bad cold患重感冒
suffer from ill health身体不好
suffer from a headache/toothache头疼/牙疼
suffer pain/hardship经历痛苦/困难
suffer a defeat/a loss/damage/punishment 遭受失败/损失/损害/惩罚
练习：Shortly after _____ (suffer) from an earthquake, the city took on a new look.
4.come across
意思：________
【归纳拓展】
（1）表示“偶然遇见”的短语还有：run across, run into, meet...by chance
（2）come短语：
come about发生，产生（常与how连用）
come along（with）（和……）一起去
come back回来；再度流行
come out出版，发行；（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；（花朵）开放；（消息）为人所知
come to总计为，加起来是
come up走近；出现；被提到
come up with 想出，想到（主意、答案）
练习：She came _____ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
5.remind sb. of sb./sth.
意思：________
【归纳拓展】
（1）remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that..提醒某人……
（2）与remind sb.of sth.结构相同的短语还有：
warn sb.of sth.提醒/警告某人某事
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的……病
rob sb.of sth.抢某人的某物
rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某事
accuse sb.of sth.指控某人犯有……罪
suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人某事
练习：The program reminds the readers _____ the importance of science.
6.feel at home with
意思：________
【归纳拓展】
feel at home感到舒适自在，不拘束
make sb.feel at home使某人感到宾至如归
make yourself at home随便，别拘束（招呼客人时说）
be the home of..be home to…的产地/栖息地
练习：He is not that experienced, and doesn't feel at home _____ strangers.
句型梳理
Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I've enjoyed food from both countries.我在英国长大，我爸爸是英国人，妈妈是中国人。我一直在享受这两个国家的食物……
【句式分析】本句中，现在分词短语Growing up in England…作原因状语。现在分词短语作原因状语时，一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。
现在分词（短语）作状语
（1）作时间状语（相当于时间状语从句）
Looking out of the window, I saw some students passing by the classroom.我从窗户向外望，看见一些学生正经过教室。
（2）作原因状语（相当于原因状语从句）
Being ill, she didn't go to school today.因为生病，她今天没去上学。
（3）作条件状语（相当于条件状语从句）
Studying hard, you'll pass the exam.努力学习，你会通过考试的。
（4）让步状语（相当于让步状语从句）
Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.
尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。
（5）作结果状语（表示自然而然的结果）
The boy fell down, hurting his knee.那个男孩摔倒了，伤了膝盖。
（6）作方式或伴随状语
He came running back to tell us the news. 他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。
2. People say that one man's meat is another man's poison…人们常说，一个人的佳肴可能是另一个人的毒药……
People/They say that...据说……
同义句式 It is said that…
Sb./Sth.is said to do sth.（不定式有时态和语态的变化）
People say that he has moved to Chicago.
= It is said that he has moved to Chicago.
=He is said to have moved to Chicago.据说他已经搬到芝加哥去了。
【归纳拓展】
"It be+过去分词+that.."句式中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It is reported that…据报道……
It is announced that…据宣布......
It is considered that...人们认为……
It is agreed that...人们一致认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is suggested that…有人建议......
2. To me, there's nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup
of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup！对我来说，用英国饼干搭配盛在细瓷杯中的中国乌龙茶-没有什么比这样一次跨文化的下午茶更棒的了！
【句式分析】there's nothing better than…意为“没有比…更好的了”，否定词nothing与比较级better连用表示最高级含义。
3“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义
（1）构成：否定词+形容词或副词的比较级（+than）
（2）常用的否定词：not, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等
（3）意义：没有更……的了，再……不过了
I have never seen a more energetic man.
我从未见过比他精力更充沛的人。
I couldn't agree more. 我完全同意。/我再同意不过了。
Nothing is more precious than health.健康是最宝贵的。
【归纳拓展】
比较级形式表示最高级含义的其他结构：
比较级+than
any other+单数名词
any of the other+复数名词
any of the others
all the other+复数名词
anyone/anything else
答案
知识运用
1.getting 2.out 3.suffering 4.across 5.of 6.with
2Section C Developing ideas
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、学会本节关于邀请信的写作。
知识运用
1.end up
意思：________
搭配
end up doing sth. 以做某事而告终
end up with以……结束（后接表具体事物的名词）
end up in以……结束（后接表抽象概念的名词或地点名词）
end up as最终成为……（后接表职位或身份的名词）
【归纳拓展】
end in以……结束/告终
put/bring an end to sth.结束某事
in the end最后，终于
bring sth.to an end使某事结束
come to an end结束
练习：He came round for a coffee and we ended a _____ (have) a meal together.
2.bring up
意思：________
搭配：be brought up to do sth.从小被教导要做某事
【归纳拓展】
bring about引起，导致bring down降低，减少bring in 引入；赚得bring back带回；使回忆起；恢复bring forward将……提前；提议bring out使显现，使表现出
练习：Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up _____ (value) the sense of sharing.
3.construction
词性：_________ 意思：________
搭配：under construction在建造中
【学法点拨】
''under + n."常表示正在进行的动作，而且包含被动含义，相当于进行时的被动语态。
under repair在修理中
under observation在监视中
under consideration在考虑中
under treatment在治疗中
under discussion在讨论中
under examination在审查中
练习：Young people should make a contribution to the _____ (construct) of their motherland.
4.satisfying
词性：_________ 意思：________
搭配：It's satisfying to do sth.做某事令人满意。
a deeply satisfying feeling深深的满足感
be satisfied with对……感到满意
with satisfaction满意地
to one's satisfaction使某人满意的是
练习：The young boy gave a ______ (satisfy)answer to his teacher.
5.identify
词性：_________ 意思：________
搭配：identify...as... 认出……为……
【单词积累】
identity n.身份；特征 identity card身份证
a sense of national/cultural/personal/social identity民族/文化/个人/社会认同感
练习：They are trying _____ (identify) what is wrong with the present system.
6.adapt
词性：_________ 意思：________
adapt (oneself) to（使自己）适应……（to是介词）
be adapted for被改编成……
be adapted from改编自……
练习：They have no children of their own, but they're hoping to _____ one.
写作技巧
1.写作指导
普通英文邀请信邀请的对象一般是朋友、熟人，所以内容格式上的要求都比较松，可以写得随便一些。表明邀请的意图，说明活动的内容、时间、地点等。但既然是邀请信，那么就一定要在信中表达非常希望对方能够参加或者出席的愿望。正式英文邀请信一般由会议或学术活动的组委会的某一个负责人来写，以组委会的名义发出，而且被邀请者通常也是属于比较有威望的人士。因此，这类邀请信的措辞要相对正式一些，语气要热情有礼。
（1）格式：英语的书信通常包括heading（信头，包括寄信人地址和寄信日期），greeting（称呼），body（正文），ending（结束语）和signature（签名）五个部分。公务信函中还应该包括inside address（信内地址，即收信人地址）。
高考对书信的格式不做要求，因此，写好正文部分是重点。
（2）文章结构：一般采用三段式结构。
第一段：表明写作意图。
第二段：主体部分，说明活动的内容、时间、地点等。第三段：结尾，表达希望对方能够参加或者出席的愿望。
（3）人称、时态：第一、二人称；一般现在时和将来时为主。
（4）文体：书信体。
2. 增分表达
（1）开头常用语
① We're throwing a surprise party for...We'd like to invite you to...It's my honor to invite you to...
我们将为…举办惊喜派对。我们想邀请你…非
常荣幸地邀请你
② We are having/planning...on...（date）and we feel it would be a great idea if you can join us.
我们将于…（日期）举行/计划（活动），如果你
能来参加就太好了。
③ It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to invite you to...我感到十分高兴能写信邀请你……
④ I'm now writing on behalf of the classmates to invite you to come and attend it, if you can spare the time. 我代表同学写信邀请你来参加，如果你能抽出时间的话。
⑤ I sincerely invite you to watch the show because… 我诚挚地邀请你来看演出，因为……
（2）主体部分常用语
① Here are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows.
这次活动的细节如下。
② I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.
我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。
（3）结尾常用语
①I would feel honored if you could come./We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your early convenience. / An early reply is appreciated.
如果你能来，我倍感荣幸。/如果你能尽早在你方便时确认参加，我们将不胜感激。/感谢你的早日回复。
② My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.
如果你能来，我和我的家人将会感到非常荣幸。
③ Would you please drop me a line to let me know whether you can come to...？
你是否能来……请写信告诉我，好吗？
④ You can reach me through my phone number... at your convenience.
你可以在你方便的时候打我的电话，号码是……
假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Jay一直对中国美食感兴趣。请你写一封信邀请他参加山西举办的美食文化节，内容包括：
1.写信目的；2.时间地点； 3.活动内容。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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答案
知识运用
1.having 2.to value 3.construction 4.satisfying 5.to identify 6.adopt
例题精练
One possible version:
Dear Jay,
In order to spread Chinese food culture, our city is going to host the First Shanxi International Chinese Culture Food Festival in two weeks. I'm writing to invite you to attend it with me.
It is to take place in Liuxiang of downtown Taiyuan from 21st to 28th in November. Known as the home of the Chinese noodles, Shanxi has a two-thousand-year history of making delectable dishes from flour and dough. Some chefs will demonstrate their superb cooking skills of making different kinds of delicious and satisfying noodles and visitors are recommended to taste them for free. I think it is such a good chance for you to experience Chinese culture that you will not resist it. It is convenient for us to get there by bus or walk there.
Looking forward to your coming here soon!
Yours, Li Hua
例题精练
2
