2022-2023学年高一上学期英语语法 定语从句关系副词的用法 课件（67张ppt）

(共66张PPT)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
when
where
why
1. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
定语从句
我将永远忘不了_____________那一天。
我入团的
when I joined the League.
先行词
关系副词
在定语从句中充当时间状语
when
=on which
I haven’t seen him since the year when he went abroad
定语从句
从__________ 那年，我就没见过他。
他出国的
when he went abroad
先行词
关系副词
=in which
在定语从句中充当时间状语
when
when引导的定语从句:其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。（如：time, day, week, year, month等）
例：
The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
（一）关系副词when引导的定语从句
知识拓展：
1. 关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
(具体要用什么介词，和先行词有关，视具体情况而定）
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
(when= on which)
He came at a time when we needed him most.
(when= at which)
We will never forget the year 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.
(when= in which)
when = 介词+which
in/at/on
2. 若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the time that / which I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time that/ which was spent with you.
1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when
C. which D. since
B
2. We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A. which B. whose
C. in which D. with which
C
定语从句的翻译：
April Fool’s Day is a day when people play jokes on friends
愚人节是__________________________日子。
人们可以和朋友开玩笑的
七月一日是（他出生的）日子。
July 1st is the day _________________.
when he was born
1945年是(二战结束的) 时间。
The year 1945 was the time__________ _______________________.
when the Second World War ended.
我永远忘不了(第一次来深圳的)那一天。
I will never forget the day ___________ ________________________.
when I first came to Shenzhen.
Practice
But farmers in more developed countries often grow crops in order to sell to other countries where food is in greater demand.
where food is in greater demand
定语从句
先行词
关系副词
= in which
在定语从句中充当地点状语
where
Tomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.
明天我要去___________那个小镇。
我出生的
where I was born.
定语从句
先行词
关系副词
= in which
在定语从句中充当地点状语
where
定语从句的翻译：
The factory where I work will close down.
_______________ 那家工厂将倒闭。
我工作的
1 我将要去(我爷爷住的)那座城市。
2I’ll go to the city _________________.
where my grandpa lives.
2这附近有没有(我可以买到花的)商店？
Is there a shop near here __________ _________________
where I can buy some flowers
3我在（我们吃午餐的）那家餐馆里丢了钱包。
I lost my wallet in the restaurant _____ ________________________.
where we had lunch.
Practice
（二）关系副词where引导的定语从句。
where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。 （如：place, school, factory, room等）
例：
China is the only country where wild pandas can be found.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
如果先行词是相对抽象的名词，如situation，case，point，occasion，degree等，并且关系词在定语从句中做状语，这时应该用关系副词where引导（这是近几年高考的热点）
E.g. You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
知识拓展：
1. 关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句(这个介词可以是at/in/on)。
例：
1)The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
2)The house where LuXun once lived is being repaired now.
=The house in which LuXun once lived is being repaired now.
3）The floor where we sit is clean.
The floor on which we sit is clean.
The small mountain village ________we spent our holiday last month is now very famous.
This is the park _____________they visited last year.
比 较
where
which/that
先行词是地点名词，但在定语从句中做宾语
或主语时，先行词不能用where。
I really don’t know the reason why he was late again.
我真的不知道_________________原因。
他再次迟到的
why he was late again.
定语从句
先行词
关系副词
= for which
在定语从句中充当原因状语
why
The reason why he was so sad was that he lost the game.
_________________原因是他比赛输了。
他如此伤心的
why he was so sad
定语从句
先行词
关系副词
= for which
在定语从句中充当原因状语
why
定语从句的翻译：
I didn’t tell him the reason why I was afraid.
我没告诉他____________原因。
我害怕的
(我不给你写信的)原因是我不知道你的地址。
The reason ____________________ was that I didn’t know your address.
why I didn’t write to you
你是否知道(他们做这件事的)原因？
Do you know the reason _____________
why they did it
(我不喜欢那家餐馆的)原因是我在那丢过东西。
The reason _______________________ is that I once lost something there.
why I don’t like the restaurant
Practice
（三）关系副词why 引导的定语从句。
why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：excuse ; explanation; reason等。
例：
The reason why he didn’t come to the party is that he didn’t want to see Jane.
We can’t accept the excuse why you were absent.
This is the explanation why they put off the meeting.
知识拓展：
1. 关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for +which ”引导的定语从句。
This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.
2. 若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
The reason that/ which she gave was not true.
即学即用
1) The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill.
2) The reason he explained is not true.
why
that/ which
小结：
关系副词
when
where
why
充当时间状语,=介词+which
充当地点状语,=介词+which
充当原因状语,=for+which
都相当于介词+ which
先行词在从句中做状语时，关系词才可以用when， where和why。
注意
关系词及其用法小结
关系代词 指代 在定从中 省略否
who
whom
whose
which
that
人
作主语
不省
人
作宾语
可省
人的/物的
作定语(+n)
不省
事/物
作主语/宾语
作宾语时可省
人/物
作主语/宾语
作宾语时可省
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略
that
关系副词 指代 在定从中 省略否
when
where
why
介词+which
作时间状语
介词+which
for+which
作地点状语
作原因状语
不省
不省
不省
不可以省略
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句类型和注意事项
The Attributive Clause III
1：介词+which
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
The hotel at which we stayed was clean.
The reason for which we don’t trust him is that he often lies.
I ‘ll never forget the time on which we worked on the farm.
I don’t like the way in which she speaks.
My computer ,without which I can’t played computer games, crashed yesterday.
Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.
2:介词+whom
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.
Do you know the student to whom Jane is talking
The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.
3（注意）含有介词的固定短语一般不拆开，仍放在动词短语的后面。例如：look for ,look after ,take care of 等。
This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.(正确）
This is the watch for which I am looking .(错误)
The baby whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.（正确）
The babies after whom the nurses are looking healthy.(错误)
4：who和that不能作介词的宾语，介词后关系代词只能用whom（指人），which（指物）和whose（所有格，既指人也指物）。
the man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour .(正确）
The plane in which we flew to Canada was very comfortable .(正确）
The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour .(错误）
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(错误）
使用介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,介词怎么选择
1:取决于从句中谓语动词的固定搭配
This is the dictionary on which I spent 50 yuan .(spend…..on…)
This is the dictionary for which I paid 50 yuan. (pay….for..)
2:取决于介词和先行词之间的搭配关系
I still remember the day on which I first talked to a foreigner.
我还记得第一次用英语和外宾交谈的那一天。（on a day)
We won’t forget the year in which the Olympic Games was held in Beijing.
我们不会忘记奥运会在北京举办的那一年。（in a year)
3：根据形容词与介词的搭配
The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.(sb be grateful to sb)
4:根据句意来确定介词
My cell phone, without which I can’t play games, was stolen yesterday.
昨天我的手机被偷了，没有它我不能玩游戏。
5：表示所属关系或者整体与部分的关系时，常用….of which/whom来引导定语从句。
I have three brothers ,two of whom are teachers.
我又三个兄弟，其中两个是老师。
She bought five books ,three of which were about English grammar.
她买了五本书，其中有三本是关于英语语法的
（四）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要用关系副词
1. This is the mountain village _____ _ I visited last year.
2. This is the mountain village _______ I stayed last year.
3. This is the mountain village _____ __ I stayed in last year.
that/ which
where
that/ which
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago
A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held
A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one
解题思路：
题干句如果是疑问句式，要将其转化为陈述句式。
方法二中的第一个句子变为肯定句：
This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one
D
缺先行词
第二个句子变为肯定句：
This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one
A
归纳
关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分：
1）先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
2）先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
way 作先行词时关系词的使用
I really don’t like the way ( that/ in which ) he talks with his parents.
Do it the way I showed you.
先行词 the way
(作状语时）
in which
that
×
辨析
which /where / when /why
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
which or where/when/why
1. This is the museum _______ my mother worked 10 years ago.
(worked in the museum 地点状语)
This is the museum _________ was built in 1950.
(the museum was build) （museum 主语）
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
where
which
2. July 1, 1921 was the day ________ our Party was founded.
(our Party was founded on the day 作状语）
July 1, 1921 was the day __________ we will not forget.
（we will never forget the day作宾语）
when
which
which or where/when/why
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
3. I remember the days _________ I lived in my home town.
(I lived in my home town during the days 作状语）
I remember the days __________ I spent with my grandpa.
（I spent the days with .. the days作宾语）
when
which
which or where/when/why
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
4. The house _______________ we’re going to visit was built a century ago.
(visit the house)
The house _________________ used to be a temple is a school now.
(the house used to be a temple)
The house _________ he used to live was flooded.
( he used to live in the house)
(which / that )
which / that
where
5.A bookstore is a place_________ you can get books.
(you can get the books in the place)
A bookstore is a place _________ books are sold.
(books are sold in the place)
A bookstore is a place _____________ sell books.
(the place sells books)
where
which/that
where
6.I can’t find the card _______ I wrote your address.
( I wrote your address on the card)
I can’t find the card ____ _________ I wrote your address.
7.The box __________ he put his photos is gone. (he put his photo into the box)
The box _______________ he is carrying is heavy.
(he is carrying the box)
where
where
on
which
(that/ which)
8.The hotel _________ we stayed during our holiday stands by the seaside.
(we stayed in the hotel)
The hotel ______________ stands by the seaside is quite comfortable.
(the hotel stands by the seaside)
where
which/ that
which or where/when/why
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
9.The reason _______ he did it is not clear.
(he did it for ….reason 作状语 )
The reason ________ he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.
(he gave the reason(宾语) to the teacher)
why
which
which or where/when/why
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
as 引导的非限制性定语从句与it引导的句子
The earth is round, and ____is known to all.
______is known to all, the earth is round.
______is known to all that the earth is round.
A. (I)it B. A(a)s
A
B
A
(2) Please put the letter in the drawer where he can easily find it. （ 从句）
Please put the letter where he can easily find it. （ 从句）
定语
状语
总结：where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
解题技巧
1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。
2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。
3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词
4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。
4. when引导的定语从句与强调句句型。
It was October _______we met in Beijing for the first time.（ 定语从句 ）
It was in October _____ we met in Beijing for the first time.（强调句）
when
that
总结：强调句句型：It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who +其它部分，去掉It is/was…that/who…, 句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。
即学即用：
1) Yesterday my physics teacher set such a difficult exam problem ______ none of us worked out.
A. that B. as
C. so that D. which
B
2) Here are players from Japan, some of _________ are our old friends.
A. which B. that
C. whom D. them
C
3) It was eleven o’clock ___ they went out of the cinema.
A. which B. that
C. when D. on which
C