备战2023届高考英语二轮习题训练之说明文训练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 备战2023届高考英语二轮习题训练之说明文训练（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-20 12:40:07 | ||
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备战2023高考英语二轮习题训练之说明文训练
Passage A
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This annual movement is called migration. They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or search for warm weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
Every autumn, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4,000 kilometers south and find their way to California or Mexico. However, until recently no one knew how they did this.
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
However, the research on the monarch's behavior has led to a greater awareness of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
1.Which is not the purpose of animals' migration according to the text
A.To search for food. B.To look for a partner.
C.To breed young babies. D.To stay away from cold weather.
2.What mainly caused the decrease in the number of the monarch butterflies
A.Weather changes. B.Human activity.
C.Trees being cut down. D.The long migration every year.
3.What can we know from the text
A.All the animals migrate at fixed times of the year.
B.The monarch has the ability to identify the time of day.
C.The population of the monarch is decreasing rapidly every year.
D.No one knows how the monarch butterflies make their way to their destinations.
4.What does the last paragraph imply about the research
A.It is quite encouraging. B.It is fairly complex.
C.It is very unacceptable. D.It is rather useless.
Passage B
Sharon Okpoe has lived her entire 17 years in Makoko, known as the world's largest “floating slum(贫民窟)”, built on a lake in Lagos, Nigeria. Okpoe's father is a fisherman, and her mother sells smoked fish.
As many as two-thirds of the city's 21 million residents live in slums. “Most girls are trapped in a terrible cycle of poverty. Many of them are not thinking of education, a plan for the future,” Abisoye Ajayi-Akinfolarin, a computer programmer in Lagos, recalls. But several times a week, girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of another world when they attend GirlsCoding, a free program run by the Pearls Africa Foundation that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming. Since 2012, the group has helped more than 400 disadvantaged girls gain the technical skills and confidence they need to transform their lives.
It's the vision of Ajayi-Akinfolarin, who left a successful career to devote herself to this work. She'd noticed how few women worked in this growing field—a 2013 government survey found that less than 8% of Nigerian women were employed in technology jobs. She wanted to fix the gender gap. “Technology is a space that's dominated by men. Why should we leave that to guys ” she said. “I believe girls need opportunities.”
Now, dozens of girls aged 10 to 17 get trained in computer programming technology. “I believe you can still find diamonds in these places,” Ajayi-Akinfolarin said. “They need to be shown another life.” One way her program does this is by taking the students to visit tech companies—not only showing them what technology can do, but also helping them visualize themselves joining the industry.
Okpoe, for one, has taken this to heart. She helped create an app called Makoko Fresh that went live this summer, enabling fishermen like her father to sell seafood directly to customers. She even wants to become a software engineer and hopes to study computer science at Harvard. “One thing I want my girls to hold onto is that regardless of where they are coming from, they can make it,” Ajayi said. “They are coders. They are thinkers. Their future is bright.”
1.What can we learn about GirlsCoding
A.It encourages girls to land a job in education.
B.It offers Nigerian girls in need part-time jobs.
C.It helps girls working in Lagos to fight poverty.
D.It teaches young girls computer programming.
2.What did Ajayi-Akinfolarin say about the growing field in Paragraph 3
A.Men could do far better in technology jobs.
B.Girls should get equal work opportunities.
C.Men normally got paid more than women.
D.Girls tended to devote themselves to work.
3.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Rebuilding the girls' confidence.
B.Training the girls to find diamonds.
C.Presenting a different life to the girls.
D.Taking the girls to technology companies.
4.What can we infer about Okpoe from the last paragraph
A.She got fishermen to benefit from her app.
B.She was admitted to Harvard University.
C.She took her father's suggestion to heart.
D.She made some changes to computer science.
Passage C
2019 World Conference on VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the goal of further satisfying people's growing demand for a better life, accelerating the modernization of China's economic system and its transformation into an innovation-oriented country, and promoting breakthroughs in the economic and social development of Jiangxi Province. The theme of the conference is “VR Adorns(装扮) the World—VR+5G for a New Era of Perception(感知)”. The virtual reality industry in Nanchang, capital city of East China's Jiangxi Province, is expecting a boom when China grows in a new era of 5G this year, experts and industry insiders said at the conference.
The conference attracted experts, scholars and company leaders from more than 30 countries, including the US, Germany, Britain, Russia, India and Israel, discussing the development and application of VR, especially as 5G, the next generation technology for network on devices like cell phones, unlocks the potential of VR. With a focus on the new era of perception enabled by 5G, this year's conference showed leading-edge VR technologies and the latest outcomes of the global VR industry.
Miao Wei, head of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in the opening address that with China officially getting 5G commercial licenses on June 6th 2019, the co-development of VR and 5G promises a huge market in future. “China takes the lead in VR innovations. And the wide popularity of high-tech in our country guarantees the potential of this market,” said Miao.
China is building its VR industry into one with the most dynamic environments for innovation and entrepreneurship, the highest market acceptance, and the greatest growth potential in the world.
1.What is one of the aims of the 2019 World Conference on VR Industry
A.To promote 5G technology.
B.To make Chinese people more creative.
C.To improve the economic development of Jiangxi.
D.To change the world into a modern one.
2.What can we infer about 5G according to the passage
A.It is widely used in Nanchang.
B.It can be used in business now.
C.It makes China a leading country.
D.It is the technology for the computer system.
3.What is the relationship between 5G and VR
A.5G can greatly help the development of VR.
B.VR's application would unlock 5G.
C.5G makes VR a business.
D.VR is made up of 5G.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.The Technology Revolution in Jiangxi
B.A New Era Marked by 5G and VR
C.VR Technology for the Future
D.VR Conference in Nanchang
Passage D
People who have got rhythm might have an advantage when it comes to language and reading skills. A new study shows the brains of people who can move to a musical beat react to speech on a more consistent basis than those who can't. Researchers also find that musical training can sharpen the brain's response to language.
The researchers say their discovery provides the first biological link between the ability to keep a beat and how the brain responds to speech, something that can have important value for reading skills. To gather materials for their research, the team got more than 100 teenagers who lived in Chicago, Illinois. The teens were given two tests. First, they were instructed to listen to and tap their fingers along to the beat. The researchers calculated how accurately their young volunteers were able to tap along to the musical timekeeper. Second, the teen subjects were linked to an EEG device, which measures electrical activity in the brain. The EEG device was focused on an area of the brain that not only processes sound, but is also connected to parts of the brain responsible for motor-movement. The researchers recorded the brainwaves as their teen subjects listened to the synthesized speech sound, which was repeated irregularly for half an hour. The researchers were able to find out how the nerve cells in that particular region of the brain responded every time the synthesized sound was played. “Across this population of adolescents, the more accurate they were at tapping along to the beat, the more consistent their brains' response to the letter unit was,” said Nina Kraus.
While past studies have showed the links between reading skills and a person's ability to keep a beat, the researchers said their new findings show the hearing system is what provides a common basis for those links. “Rhythm is naturally a part of music and language.” Nina said.
1.According to the first paragraph, what can get the brain's reaction to language more effectively
A.Rhythm. B.Reading skills. C.Language. D.Musical training.
2.What can we learn about “the first biological link” mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.It shows how the brain works.
B.It is very important for reading ability.
C.It shows how the brain reacts to speech.
D.It is helpful for researchers' findings.
3.The underlined word “subjects” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.
A.persons or animals that are studied in an experiment or research
B.areas of knowledge studied in a school, college, and so on
C.things that are being discussed in a conversation or a book
D.persons or things that are the main features of works of art
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A.reading skills may make language learners keep a beat
B.the hearing system may be useless while a person is learning to read
C.the hearing system may separate sound from meaning while a person is reading
D.the hearing system may be used while a person is reading or taking musical training
Passage E
I wanted a change of pace, a break from routine. The past few years found me working long hours at my marketing job while my husband, Steven, put in equally full days as a physics tutor. We were both burned out from the constant boredom.
Vacation experiences at first glance seemed a little difficult for us. How do you find comfort in an ever-changing environment And I, someone who enjoys more planned fun, had to adapt.
But I was surprised at how easily I was able to adapt to a new mode of operation, a more relaxed version of myself who wasn't worried where we'd park and sleep each night. The fact that we both became so accustomed to sleeping in the back of a cargo van was another surprise we experienced on this journey. The van was our main transportation and, with a full-size bed in the back, it also provided us with a bit of comfort that made us continue. At first, every sound outside was foreign, and we both took longer to fall and stay asleep. But, after a couple of weeks into van life, we let the sounds fade into soft background music.
Over the course of our seven-month trip, one of our big goals was to come away from each park with one spectacular image. That shared goal placed us on the same team:It brought us together, even more than before, gave us more to talk about, and encouraged us to motivate each other along the way.
By this point, you're probably wondering how we paid for all of this, or maybe you're assuming we come from wealthy backgrounds. The truth is, we actually managed this entire adventure on a middle-class budget. Steven did part-time remote work about 10 hours per week for his employer from the road. I ended up finding some temporary jobs through the trip. We also continued our photography business, setting up an online shop to sell our landscapes.
We only visited some parks in the 48 states. And the experience would still be worth every penny. It is really a chance to lose and find ourselves in our nation's park lands.
1.Why did the author want to change
A.Because she wanted a rest from daily routine.
B.Because she was interested in traveling.
C.Because she fell ill with long working hours.
D.Because she didn't like her marketing job.
2.What did the author think of the vacation before the journey
A.Exciting. B.Helpful. C.Doubtful. D.Boring.
3.What can we infer from the last but one paragraph
A.The couple visited 48 states during the trip.
B.The couple tried different jobs to maintain their trip.
C.The husband worked harder than the wife.
D.The couple came from a middle-class family.
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Introducing a couple's daily life.
B.Sharing a couple's travel experiences.
C.Showing the importance of traveling.
D.Advising some travel plans to readers.
Passage F
Does it matter if a language dies out The traditional answer is yes, because every language is a repository(智囊)of ideas and culture and represents a unique way of looking at the world. The planet only has about 7,000 languages;the extinction of even one decreases the sum total of human knowledge.
But in some cases, extinction can be seen in a more positive light. Take Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) for example, restricted to about 1,000 users in a small Israeli village with a high level of born deafness, the language seems to be bound to die by the spread of Israeli sign language.
The natural reaction to the loss of ABSL is regret. It is a fascinating language that has kept linguists busy since it came to their attention around 15 years ago. But for the deaf villagers, Israeli sign language is an upgrade:it allows them to speak to tens of thousands of people rather than a few hundred, and enables them to work and marry outside the village. It is hard to see that as anything other than progress. Similarly, other endangered languages die out because people abandon them in favor of ones that serve their needs better.
Technology also softens the blow, as endangered languages can now be captured in detail—which also means they could eventually be brought back from the dead, much as the Hebrew language was in the 19th century. It is now the first language of 9 million people.
Linguists naturally condemn the loss of a language much as conservationists(环保主义者)once mourned the loss of every single species. But they are moving towards acceptance that not all species can be saved, that invasive species are not always bad and that human-engineered ecosystems are not necessarily inferior to natural ones. Perhaps our attitudes to language extinction are due for a similar change.
1.What can we infer about ABSL
A.Another language replaced it.
B.It is an endangered language.
C.Deaf villagers prefer to use it.
D.It has been studied for over 15 years.
2.What does the underlined word “upgrade” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Recovery. B.Opportunity.
C.Improvement. D.Update.
3.How does technology affect languages
A.Technology can remove people's regret.
B.Languages may be rescued from extinction.
C.Technology increases the number of endangered languages.
D.Endangered languages might be abandoned because of technology.
4.What's the main idea of the text
A.More and more languages are dying out.
B.Technology creates some new languages.
C.People feel ashamed of language extinction.
D.Language extinction is not necessarily a bad thing.
Passage G
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drive us on a day-to-day basis.”
1.Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A.They did not have sufficient funds.
B.No ready-made components were available.
C.There was no model in their mind.
D.It was hard for them to assemble the components.
2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A.The robotic fly has been put into wide applications.
B.The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C.Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.
D.The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.
3.Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A.Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.
B.Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C.The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D.There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A.The Development of the Robotic Fly
B.The Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C.Harvard's Efforts in Making the Robotic Fly
D.The Robotic Fly Imitates Real-life Insects
参考答案
Passage A
1.C 。根据第一段第三句They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or search for warm weather.可知,动物迁徙的目的有寻找食物、配偶或温暖的气候。故选C项。
2.B 根据第四段中的Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.可知,人类活动是造成这种蝴蝶数量急剧减少的主要原因。故选B项。
3.B 根据第三段的描述:这种帝王蝶可以靠眼睛测量太阳的位置,可以判定时间。也就是这种蝴蝶具有识别白天具体时间的能力。故选B项。A:所有的动物都在一年中固定的时间迁徙。C:帝王蝶的数量每年都在迅速减少。D:没有人知道帝王蝶是如何到达它们的目的地的。
4.A 根据最后一段的描述:如果这种方法有效的话,也许有一天帝王蝶的数量会再次增加。由此推断出这项研究是令人鼓舞的。故选A项。
Passage B
1.D根据第二段中的But several times a week, girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of another world when they attend GirlsCoding, a free program run by the Pearls Africa Foundation that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming.可知,GirlsCoding教年轻女孩计算机编程。故选D项。
2.B 根据第三段可知, Ajayi-Akinfolarin注意到在这个不断发展的领域工作的女性很少,她想要弥补性别差异,尤其是I believe girls need opportunities.(我认为女孩需要机会)说明了在男性主导的这个不断发展的领域中,女孩应该得到平等的工作机会。故选B项。
3.C 根据画线处前一句Ajayi-Akinfolarin所说的话中They need to be shown another life(需要向她们展示另一种生活)推断出, this指的是给女孩们展示不同的生活。故选C项。
4.A 根据最后一段的She helped create an app called Makoko Fresh that went live this summer, enabling fishermen like her father to sell seafood directly to customers.可知,她帮助开发了一款名为Makoko Fresh的应用软件,该应用软件于今年夏天上线,让像她父亲这样的渔民可以直接向客户销售海鲜。由此可知,她让渔民们受益于她的应用软件。故选A项。
Passage C
1.C 根据第一段中的2019 World Conference on VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the goal of..., and promoting breakthroughs in the economic and social development of Jiangxi Province.可知, VR大会的目的包括:进一步满足人们对美好生活的日益增长的需求,加速中国经济的现代化系统及其转型为一个创新国家的进程,促进江西省的经济和社会发展突破。故选C项。
2.B 根据第三段中的“with China officially getting 5G commercial licenses on June 6th 2019”可知, 2019年6月6日,中国正式获得5G商业执照,由此推知, B选项(5G现在可以用于商业)正确。故选B。
3.A 根据第二段中的“especially as 5G, the next generation technology for network on devices like cell phones, unlocks the potential of VR”可知, 5G等下一代移动设备网络技术开启了虚拟现实的潜力。根据第三段中的“China takes the lead in VR innovations. And the wide popularity of high-tech in our country guarantees the potential of this market”可知,中国在虚拟现实创新方面处于领先地位,而高科技在我国的广泛普及保证了这一市场的潜力。综合以上信息可知, 5G为VR的发展提供了平台和助力。故选A项。
4.D 根据全文尤其是第一段2019 World Conference on VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the goal of...可以看出,这是一篇新闻报道,第一句就是文章主旨 : 2019年世界VR产业大会在中国南昌举行……。下文介绍了这次会议的目的、意义等。所以短文的最佳标题为“南昌VR大会”。故选D项。
Passage D
1.D 根据第一段最后一句Researchers also find that musical training can sharpen the brain's response to language.可知选D。
2.B 根据第二段第一句The researchers say their discovery provides the first biological link between the ability to keep a beat and how the brain responds to speech, something that can have important value for reading skills.可知选B。
3.A subjects在这里指“参与实验的青少年”。
4.D 根据最后一段第一句中的the researchers said their new findings show the hearing system is what provides a common basis for those links可知选D。
Passage E
1.A 本题题干意为:作者为什么想改变 根据第1段中的I wanted a change of pace, a break from routine.(我想改变一下节奏,打破常规)及最后一句We were both burned out from the constant boredom.(我们俩都被无休止的无聊生活弄得筋疲力尽)可知答案为A项(因为她想摆脱日常事务休息一下)。B:因为她对旅游很感兴趣;C:因为她长时间工作病倒了;D:因为她不喜欢她的营销工作。
2.C 本题题干意为:在旅行前作者对于这次度假有何想法 由第2段中的Vacation experiences at first glance seemed a little difficult for us. How do you find comfort in an ever-changing environment (乍看之下,度假对于我们来说有些困难。在不断变化的环境中,你怎么会感到舒服呢 )可推出答案为C项(悬而未定的)。
3.B 本题题干意为:从倒数第2段我们可以推断出什么 由文章倒数第2段中的Steven did part-time remote work about 10 hours per week for his employer from the road. I ended up finding some temporary jobs through the trip. We also continued our photography business, setting up an online shop to sell our landscapes. 可知,夫妇俩为了维持这段旅行尝试了不同的工作,故答案为B项。
4.B 本题题干意为:本文主要讲的是什么 结合全文我们可以看出这是一篇记叙文,作者是在和读者分享她和丈夫的旅行经历。
Passage F
4.B根据第二段可知,ABSL大约有1,000人使用,并且由于以色列手语的传播,它似乎注定会灭亡,所以ABSL是濒危语言,故选B项。
5.C根据画线词后的内容可知,以色列手语让耳聋的村民们可以与更多的人交流,并且能够让他们在村子外面找到工作以及与外面的人联姻。即以色列手语比ABSL更能满足人们的需求;再结合后文提到的anything other than progress可推出画线词意为“改善”。故选C 项。
6.B根据第四段可知,技术可以帮助复活濒危语言。故选 B 项。
7.D本文主要讲述了人们可以从积极的角度去看待濒危语言的灭绝。一方面,濒危语言被能更好地服务于人们的语言代替,这是一种进步;另一方面,科技也可以让某些濒危语言复活。因此,人们对待濒危语言灭绝的态度应该改变,因为它未必是件坏事。故选D项。
Passage G
1.B根据第二段中“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.(他说:“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难,那就是实际上这些组件都不是现成的,所以我们必须自己开发。”)可知工程师们在制作机器苍蝇时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B项。
2.D根据第四段中“While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield.(尽管第一个机器苍蝇连接到一个小型的外置的电源,但目标是最终给它配备一个内置的电源,这样它可能有一天在救援地点、在农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。)”可推断出:机器苍蝇目前只能在有限的区域飞行。故选D项。
3.A 根据最后一段中“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.(他说:“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题,你知道,用动物很难做到的方式来研究生物学,但可以用这些机器人来代替。”)可知伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A项。
4.D 根据第一段中的描述:哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发,创造了第一只机器苍蝇。机械苍蝇已经成为一系列高新技术集成系统的平台。这台小型机器的设计初衷是让苍蝇能很自然地做它们该做的事情,但它的体积只有一只家蝇那么大,以及文章主要内容讲述了机械苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作,D项“机器苍蝇模仿真实的昆虫”符合本文主题。
Passage A
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This annual movement is called migration. They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or search for warm weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
Every autumn, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4,000 kilometers south and find their way to California or Mexico. However, until recently no one knew how they did this.
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
However, the research on the monarch's behavior has led to a greater awareness of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
1.Which is not the purpose of animals' migration according to the text
A.To search for food. B.To look for a partner.
C.To breed young babies. D.To stay away from cold weather.
2.What mainly caused the decrease in the number of the monarch butterflies
A.Weather changes. B.Human activity.
C.Trees being cut down. D.The long migration every year.
3.What can we know from the text
A.All the animals migrate at fixed times of the year.
B.The monarch has the ability to identify the time of day.
C.The population of the monarch is decreasing rapidly every year.
D.No one knows how the monarch butterflies make their way to their destinations.
4.What does the last paragraph imply about the research
A.It is quite encouraging. B.It is fairly complex.
C.It is very unacceptable. D.It is rather useless.
Passage B
Sharon Okpoe has lived her entire 17 years in Makoko, known as the world's largest “floating slum(贫民窟)”, built on a lake in Lagos, Nigeria. Okpoe's father is a fisherman, and her mother sells smoked fish.
As many as two-thirds of the city's 21 million residents live in slums. “Most girls are trapped in a terrible cycle of poverty. Many of them are not thinking of education, a plan for the future,” Abisoye Ajayi-Akinfolarin, a computer programmer in Lagos, recalls. But several times a week, girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of another world when they attend GirlsCoding, a free program run by the Pearls Africa Foundation that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming. Since 2012, the group has helped more than 400 disadvantaged girls gain the technical skills and confidence they need to transform their lives.
It's the vision of Ajayi-Akinfolarin, who left a successful career to devote herself to this work. She'd noticed how few women worked in this growing field—a 2013 government survey found that less than 8% of Nigerian women were employed in technology jobs. She wanted to fix the gender gap. “Technology is a space that's dominated by men. Why should we leave that to guys ” she said. “I believe girls need opportunities.”
Now, dozens of girls aged 10 to 17 get trained in computer programming technology. “I believe you can still find diamonds in these places,” Ajayi-Akinfolarin said. “They need to be shown another life.” One way her program does this is by taking the students to visit tech companies—not only showing them what technology can do, but also helping them visualize themselves joining the industry.
Okpoe, for one, has taken this to heart. She helped create an app called Makoko Fresh that went live this summer, enabling fishermen like her father to sell seafood directly to customers. She even wants to become a software engineer and hopes to study computer science at Harvard. “One thing I want my girls to hold onto is that regardless of where they are coming from, they can make it,” Ajayi said. “They are coders. They are thinkers. Their future is bright.”
1.What can we learn about GirlsCoding
A.It encourages girls to land a job in education.
B.It offers Nigerian girls in need part-time jobs.
C.It helps girls working in Lagos to fight poverty.
D.It teaches young girls computer programming.
2.What did Ajayi-Akinfolarin say about the growing field in Paragraph 3
A.Men could do far better in technology jobs.
B.Girls should get equal work opportunities.
C.Men normally got paid more than women.
D.Girls tended to devote themselves to work.
3.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Rebuilding the girls' confidence.
B.Training the girls to find diamonds.
C.Presenting a different life to the girls.
D.Taking the girls to technology companies.
4.What can we infer about Okpoe from the last paragraph
A.She got fishermen to benefit from her app.
B.She was admitted to Harvard University.
C.She took her father's suggestion to heart.
D.She made some changes to computer science.
Passage C
2019 World Conference on VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the goal of further satisfying people's growing demand for a better life, accelerating the modernization of China's economic system and its transformation into an innovation-oriented country, and promoting breakthroughs in the economic and social development of Jiangxi Province. The theme of the conference is “VR Adorns(装扮) the World—VR+5G for a New Era of Perception(感知)”. The virtual reality industry in Nanchang, capital city of East China's Jiangxi Province, is expecting a boom when China grows in a new era of 5G this year, experts and industry insiders said at the conference.
The conference attracted experts, scholars and company leaders from more than 30 countries, including the US, Germany, Britain, Russia, India and Israel, discussing the development and application of VR, especially as 5G, the next generation technology for network on devices like cell phones, unlocks the potential of VR. With a focus on the new era of perception enabled by 5G, this year's conference showed leading-edge VR technologies and the latest outcomes of the global VR industry.
Miao Wei, head of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in the opening address that with China officially getting 5G commercial licenses on June 6th 2019, the co-development of VR and 5G promises a huge market in future. “China takes the lead in VR innovations. And the wide popularity of high-tech in our country guarantees the potential of this market,” said Miao.
China is building its VR industry into one with the most dynamic environments for innovation and entrepreneurship, the highest market acceptance, and the greatest growth potential in the world.
1.What is one of the aims of the 2019 World Conference on VR Industry
A.To promote 5G technology.
B.To make Chinese people more creative.
C.To improve the economic development of Jiangxi.
D.To change the world into a modern one.
2.What can we infer about 5G according to the passage
A.It is widely used in Nanchang.
B.It can be used in business now.
C.It makes China a leading country.
D.It is the technology for the computer system.
3.What is the relationship between 5G and VR
A.5G can greatly help the development of VR.
B.VR's application would unlock 5G.
C.5G makes VR a business.
D.VR is made up of 5G.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.The Technology Revolution in Jiangxi
B.A New Era Marked by 5G and VR
C.VR Technology for the Future
D.VR Conference in Nanchang
Passage D
People who have got rhythm might have an advantage when it comes to language and reading skills. A new study shows the brains of people who can move to a musical beat react to speech on a more consistent basis than those who can't. Researchers also find that musical training can sharpen the brain's response to language.
The researchers say their discovery provides the first biological link between the ability to keep a beat and how the brain responds to speech, something that can have important value for reading skills. To gather materials for their research, the team got more than 100 teenagers who lived in Chicago, Illinois. The teens were given two tests. First, they were instructed to listen to and tap their fingers along to the beat. The researchers calculated how accurately their young volunteers were able to tap along to the musical timekeeper. Second, the teen subjects were linked to an EEG device, which measures electrical activity in the brain. The EEG device was focused on an area of the brain that not only processes sound, but is also connected to parts of the brain responsible for motor-movement. The researchers recorded the brainwaves as their teen subjects listened to the synthesized speech sound, which was repeated irregularly for half an hour. The researchers were able to find out how the nerve cells in that particular region of the brain responded every time the synthesized sound was played. “Across this population of adolescents, the more accurate they were at tapping along to the beat, the more consistent their brains' response to the letter unit was,” said Nina Kraus.
While past studies have showed the links between reading skills and a person's ability to keep a beat, the researchers said their new findings show the hearing system is what provides a common basis for those links. “Rhythm is naturally a part of music and language.” Nina said.
1.According to the first paragraph, what can get the brain's reaction to language more effectively
A.Rhythm. B.Reading skills. C.Language. D.Musical training.
2.What can we learn about “the first biological link” mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.It shows how the brain works.
B.It is very important for reading ability.
C.It shows how the brain reacts to speech.
D.It is helpful for researchers' findings.
3.The underlined word “subjects” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.
A.persons or animals that are studied in an experiment or research
B.areas of knowledge studied in a school, college, and so on
C.things that are being discussed in a conversation or a book
D.persons or things that are the main features of works of art
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A.reading skills may make language learners keep a beat
B.the hearing system may be useless while a person is learning to read
C.the hearing system may separate sound from meaning while a person is reading
D.the hearing system may be used while a person is reading or taking musical training
Passage E
I wanted a change of pace, a break from routine. The past few years found me working long hours at my marketing job while my husband, Steven, put in equally full days as a physics tutor. We were both burned out from the constant boredom.
Vacation experiences at first glance seemed a little difficult for us. How do you find comfort in an ever-changing environment And I, someone who enjoys more planned fun, had to adapt.
But I was surprised at how easily I was able to adapt to a new mode of operation, a more relaxed version of myself who wasn't worried where we'd park and sleep each night. The fact that we both became so accustomed to sleeping in the back of a cargo van was another surprise we experienced on this journey. The van was our main transportation and, with a full-size bed in the back, it also provided us with a bit of comfort that made us continue. At first, every sound outside was foreign, and we both took longer to fall and stay asleep. But, after a couple of weeks into van life, we let the sounds fade into soft background music.
Over the course of our seven-month trip, one of our big goals was to come away from each park with one spectacular image. That shared goal placed us on the same team:It brought us together, even more than before, gave us more to talk about, and encouraged us to motivate each other along the way.
By this point, you're probably wondering how we paid for all of this, or maybe you're assuming we come from wealthy backgrounds. The truth is, we actually managed this entire adventure on a middle-class budget. Steven did part-time remote work about 10 hours per week for his employer from the road. I ended up finding some temporary jobs through the trip. We also continued our photography business, setting up an online shop to sell our landscapes.
We only visited some parks in the 48 states. And the experience would still be worth every penny. It is really a chance to lose and find ourselves in our nation's park lands.
1.Why did the author want to change
A.Because she wanted a rest from daily routine.
B.Because she was interested in traveling.
C.Because she fell ill with long working hours.
D.Because she didn't like her marketing job.
2.What did the author think of the vacation before the journey
A.Exciting. B.Helpful. C.Doubtful. D.Boring.
3.What can we infer from the last but one paragraph
A.The couple visited 48 states during the trip.
B.The couple tried different jobs to maintain their trip.
C.The husband worked harder than the wife.
D.The couple came from a middle-class family.
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Introducing a couple's daily life.
B.Sharing a couple's travel experiences.
C.Showing the importance of traveling.
D.Advising some travel plans to readers.
Passage F
Does it matter if a language dies out The traditional answer is yes, because every language is a repository(智囊)of ideas and culture and represents a unique way of looking at the world. The planet only has about 7,000 languages;the extinction of even one decreases the sum total of human knowledge.
But in some cases, extinction can be seen in a more positive light. Take Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) for example, restricted to about 1,000 users in a small Israeli village with a high level of born deafness, the language seems to be bound to die by the spread of Israeli sign language.
The natural reaction to the loss of ABSL is regret. It is a fascinating language that has kept linguists busy since it came to their attention around 15 years ago. But for the deaf villagers, Israeli sign language is an upgrade:it allows them to speak to tens of thousands of people rather than a few hundred, and enables them to work and marry outside the village. It is hard to see that as anything other than progress. Similarly, other endangered languages die out because people abandon them in favor of ones that serve their needs better.
Technology also softens the blow, as endangered languages can now be captured in detail—which also means they could eventually be brought back from the dead, much as the Hebrew language was in the 19th century. It is now the first language of 9 million people.
Linguists naturally condemn the loss of a language much as conservationists(环保主义者)once mourned the loss of every single species. But they are moving towards acceptance that not all species can be saved, that invasive species are not always bad and that human-engineered ecosystems are not necessarily inferior to natural ones. Perhaps our attitudes to language extinction are due for a similar change.
1.What can we infer about ABSL
A.Another language replaced it.
B.It is an endangered language.
C.Deaf villagers prefer to use it.
D.It has been studied for over 15 years.
2.What does the underlined word “upgrade” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Recovery. B.Opportunity.
C.Improvement. D.Update.
3.How does technology affect languages
A.Technology can remove people's regret.
B.Languages may be rescued from extinction.
C.Technology increases the number of endangered languages.
D.Endangered languages might be abandoned because of technology.
4.What's the main idea of the text
A.More and more languages are dying out.
B.Technology creates some new languages.
C.People feel ashamed of language extinction.
D.Language extinction is not necessarily a bad thing.
Passage G
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drive us on a day-to-day basis.”
1.Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A.They did not have sufficient funds.
B.No ready-made components were available.
C.There was no model in their mind.
D.It was hard for them to assemble the components.
2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A.The robotic fly has been put into wide applications.
B.The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C.Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.
D.The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.
3.Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A.Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.
B.Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C.The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D.There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A.The Development of the Robotic Fly
B.The Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C.Harvard's Efforts in Making the Robotic Fly
D.The Robotic Fly Imitates Real-life Insects
参考答案
Passage A
1.C 。根据第一段第三句They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or search for warm weather.可知,动物迁徙的目的有寻找食物、配偶或温暖的气候。故选C项。
2.B 根据第四段中的Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.可知,人类活动是造成这种蝴蝶数量急剧减少的主要原因。故选B项。
3.B 根据第三段的描述:这种帝王蝶可以靠眼睛测量太阳的位置,可以判定时间。也就是这种蝴蝶具有识别白天具体时间的能力。故选B项。A:所有的动物都在一年中固定的时间迁徙。C:帝王蝶的数量每年都在迅速减少。D:没有人知道帝王蝶是如何到达它们的目的地的。
4.A 根据最后一段的描述:如果这种方法有效的话,也许有一天帝王蝶的数量会再次增加。由此推断出这项研究是令人鼓舞的。故选A项。
Passage B
1.D根据第二段中的But several times a week, girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of another world when they attend GirlsCoding, a free program run by the Pearls Africa Foundation that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming.可知,GirlsCoding教年轻女孩计算机编程。故选D项。
2.B 根据第三段可知, Ajayi-Akinfolarin注意到在这个不断发展的领域工作的女性很少,她想要弥补性别差异,尤其是I believe girls need opportunities.(我认为女孩需要机会)说明了在男性主导的这个不断发展的领域中,女孩应该得到平等的工作机会。故选B项。
3.C 根据画线处前一句Ajayi-Akinfolarin所说的话中They need to be shown another life(需要向她们展示另一种生活)推断出, this指的是给女孩们展示不同的生活。故选C项。
4.A 根据最后一段的She helped create an app called Makoko Fresh that went live this summer, enabling fishermen like her father to sell seafood directly to customers.可知,她帮助开发了一款名为Makoko Fresh的应用软件,该应用软件于今年夏天上线,让像她父亲这样的渔民可以直接向客户销售海鲜。由此可知,她让渔民们受益于她的应用软件。故选A项。
Passage C
1.C 根据第一段中的2019 World Conference on VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the goal of..., and promoting breakthroughs in the economic and social development of Jiangxi Province.可知, VR大会的目的包括:进一步满足人们对美好生活的日益增长的需求,加速中国经济的现代化系统及其转型为一个创新国家的进程,促进江西省的经济和社会发展突破。故选C项。
2.B 根据第三段中的“with China officially getting 5G commercial licenses on June 6th 2019”可知, 2019年6月6日,中国正式获得5G商业执照,由此推知, B选项(5G现在可以用于商业)正确。故选B。
3.A 根据第二段中的“especially as 5G, the next generation technology for network on devices like cell phones, unlocks the potential of VR”可知, 5G等下一代移动设备网络技术开启了虚拟现实的潜力。根据第三段中的“China takes the lead in VR innovations. And the wide popularity of high-tech in our country guarantees the potential of this market”可知,中国在虚拟现实创新方面处于领先地位,而高科技在我国的广泛普及保证了这一市场的潜力。综合以上信息可知, 5G为VR的发展提供了平台和助力。故选A项。
4.D 根据全文尤其是第一段2019 World Conference on VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the goal of...可以看出,这是一篇新闻报道,第一句就是文章主旨 : 2019年世界VR产业大会在中国南昌举行……。下文介绍了这次会议的目的、意义等。所以短文的最佳标题为“南昌VR大会”。故选D项。
Passage D
1.D 根据第一段最后一句Researchers also find that musical training can sharpen the brain's response to language.可知选D。
2.B 根据第二段第一句The researchers say their discovery provides the first biological link between the ability to keep a beat and how the brain responds to speech, something that can have important value for reading skills.可知选B。
3.A subjects在这里指“参与实验的青少年”。
4.D 根据最后一段第一句中的the researchers said their new findings show the hearing system is what provides a common basis for those links可知选D。
Passage E
1.A 本题题干意为:作者为什么想改变 根据第1段中的I wanted a change of pace, a break from routine.(我想改变一下节奏,打破常规)及最后一句We were both burned out from the constant boredom.(我们俩都被无休止的无聊生活弄得筋疲力尽)可知答案为A项(因为她想摆脱日常事务休息一下)。B:因为她对旅游很感兴趣;C:因为她长时间工作病倒了;D:因为她不喜欢她的营销工作。
2.C 本题题干意为:在旅行前作者对于这次度假有何想法 由第2段中的Vacation experiences at first glance seemed a little difficult for us. How do you find comfort in an ever-changing environment (乍看之下,度假对于我们来说有些困难。在不断变化的环境中,你怎么会感到舒服呢 )可推出答案为C项(悬而未定的)。
3.B 本题题干意为:从倒数第2段我们可以推断出什么 由文章倒数第2段中的Steven did part-time remote work about 10 hours per week for his employer from the road. I ended up finding some temporary jobs through the trip. We also continued our photography business, setting up an online shop to sell our landscapes. 可知,夫妇俩为了维持这段旅行尝试了不同的工作,故答案为B项。
4.B 本题题干意为:本文主要讲的是什么 结合全文我们可以看出这是一篇记叙文,作者是在和读者分享她和丈夫的旅行经历。
Passage F
4.B根据第二段可知,ABSL大约有1,000人使用,并且由于以色列手语的传播,它似乎注定会灭亡,所以ABSL是濒危语言,故选B项。
5.C根据画线词后的内容可知,以色列手语让耳聋的村民们可以与更多的人交流,并且能够让他们在村子外面找到工作以及与外面的人联姻。即以色列手语比ABSL更能满足人们的需求;再结合后文提到的anything other than progress可推出画线词意为“改善”。故选C 项。
6.B根据第四段可知,技术可以帮助复活濒危语言。故选 B 项。
7.D本文主要讲述了人们可以从积极的角度去看待濒危语言的灭绝。一方面,濒危语言被能更好地服务于人们的语言代替,这是一种进步;另一方面,科技也可以让某些濒危语言复活。因此,人们对待濒危语言灭绝的态度应该改变,因为它未必是件坏事。故选D项。
Passage G
1.B根据第二段中“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.(他说:“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难,那就是实际上这些组件都不是现成的,所以我们必须自己开发。”)可知工程师们在制作机器苍蝇时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B项。
2.D根据第四段中“While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield.(尽管第一个机器苍蝇连接到一个小型的外置的电源,但目标是最终给它配备一个内置的电源,这样它可能有一天在救援地点、在农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。)”可推断出:机器苍蝇目前只能在有限的区域飞行。故选D项。
3.A 根据最后一段中“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.(他说:“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题,你知道,用动物很难做到的方式来研究生物学,但可以用这些机器人来代替。”)可知伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A项。
4.D 根据第一段中的描述:哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发,创造了第一只机器苍蝇。机械苍蝇已经成为一系列高新技术集成系统的平台。这台小型机器的设计初衷是让苍蝇能很自然地做它们该做的事情,但它的体积只有一只家蝇那么大,以及文章主要内容讲述了机械苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作,D项“机器苍蝇模仿真实的昆虫”符合本文主题。