牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit1Nature in the balance Reading 课件（74张ppt)）

(共74张PPT)
Nature in the balance
B3U1
The Amazon rainforest:
A natural treasure
rainforest 雨林
https://www./video/BV1U7411s7NS share_source=copy_web
Language comprehension
Paragraph 1
(1) Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. (page 2, line 1)
欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处可闻各种动物的声音。
A huge sea of: a lot of, plenty of （大量的，许多）
Be alive with: (充满， 到处都是）
There was a sea of faces in every scenic area in China during the Spring Festival.
春节期间，中国的每个景点都是人山人海。
2. We must face a huge sea of troubles and bear them.
我们必须面对海量的困难并忍受它们。
3. No wonder people say Austria is always alive with the
sound of music.
难怪人们说奥地利永远充满音乐之声。
Translate the following sentences.
(2) As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. (page 2, lines 2–3)
The foods you consume every day play a significant role in the health of your skin
play a ...role in 在...方面起着....的作用
作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
你每天吃的食物对你的皮肤起着重要的作用
Paragraph 1
Find a sentence to match the picture
Paragraph 2
The documentary script compares the size of
the Amazon rainforest with that of China,
and the length of the Amazon River with that of
the Yangtze River.
Find these comparisons in the script.
The documentary script compares the size of
the Amazon rainforest with that of China,
and the length of the Amazon River with that of
the Yangtze River.
Find these comparisons in the script.
The documentary script compares the size of
the Amazon rainforest with that of China,
and the length of the Amazon River with that of
the Yangtze River.
Find these comparisons in the script.
P5 B3
The price includes both house and furniture.
I hate animals, ____________ dogs.
I hate animals, dogs _____________.
(3). The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. (page 2, lines 4–5)
亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。
vt.
prep.
adj.
cross into
穿过，进入
including
included
(4). With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马逊雨林面积约六百万平方千米，是中国国土面积的一半以上。
roughly 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze river.
大体上比长江还长一百千米。
倍数的表达方法：
A be + 倍数+the height/weight/length/size...of B
地球的体积是月球的49倍
This classroom is three times the width of that one.
这间教室是那间教室的三倍宽。
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
高度/重量/长度/尺寸
② A be +倍数+as +adj/adv+as B
The table is four times as long as that one
这张桌子是那张的四倍长
③ A be +倍数 adj/adv比较级+than B A比B....几倍
中国比韩国大96倍。
China is 96 times larger than Korea.
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
非限制性定语从句
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
非限制性定语从句
be close to 接近; 靠近; 亲近; 临近
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
非限制性定语从句
be close to 接近; 靠近; 亲近; 临近
① The children are close to each other in age.
② If the planet be close to the sun, its speed increases.
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
非限制性定语从句
be close to 接近; 靠近; 亲近; 临近
① The children are close to each other in age.
② If the planet be close to the sun, its speed increases.
这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
非限制性定语从句
be close to 接近; 靠近; 亲近; 临近
① The children are close to each other in age.
② If the planet be close to the sun, its speed increases.
这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。
如果行星接近太阳，其运转速度就会加快。
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
非限制性定语从句
be close to 接近; 靠近; 亲近; 临近
① The children are close to each other in age.
② If the planet be close to the sun, its speed increases.
这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。
如果行星接近太阳，其运转速度就会加快。
用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest
gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in
length - roughly 100 kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River.
非限制性定语从句
be close to 接近; 靠近; 亲近; 临近
① The children are close to each other in age.
② If the planet be close to the sun, its speed increases.
这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。
如果行星接近太阳，其运转速度就会加快。
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。
用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面
(5) They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found.
这些生态系统给这个地区带来了地球上最丰富的生物多样性：世界上十个已知物种中就有一个可以在这里找到。
biodiversity n. 生物多样性 (由bio+ diversity构成)
bio- :生物的；与生物相关的
biogenetics 生物遗传学
biophysics 生物物理学
bioengineering 生物工程
While reading——Retell the story
Summarize the script based on the chart above.
Read para. 3 carefully and try to understand the rainforest’s different levels.
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
Plants; different levels
3
Brazil nut tree
Water lily
巴西坚果
睡莲
这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。
1. produce
2. be adj enough to do 足够...去做...
引起，造成，制造；生产，产生
(6) This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. (page 3, lines 13–14)
He is old enough to go to school.
他的年纪足够去上学了
(7) The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
variety n. (同一事物的)不同种类，多种式样
a variety of 各种各样的
We can see that a variety of techniques are used in the painting.
我们可以看到这幅画作中使用了多种技巧。
various adj. 各种各样的
【同根词】
vary v. 相异,不同,各种各样的
vary from…to… 因...而异/从...到...不等
vary with 随……变化
The menu varies with the season.
House prices vary from place to place and are usually high
where there are famous schools.
各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。
菜单随季节变化
【语境应用】翻译句子。
With the development of economy, there are various goods in stores, varying from daily groceries to luxury goods (奢侈品), which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.
随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢侈品不等，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。
3
a system of roots （根系）
The forest’s different levels
the tops（树冠） of the tallest trees
the mass of leaf litter
（落叶层）
shorter plants with large leaves
towering ancient hardwoods（阔叶树）
The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
森林的不同层次支持着令人难以置信的各种野生动物。
(8) At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the talleast trees many meters above the ground.
在底层是地下根系，往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。
Language points
在这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致。
(9) Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在它的上面是黑暗森林地面上的大量落叶。
介词短语above that放句首，句子用完全倒装。这样可以保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密。
窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
Among these people was his friend Jim.
Language points
mass n. 大量；许多，团；块；堆
【搭配】
a mass of / masses of sth 大量，许多
the mass of … ……中的大多数
the masses 群众
从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和石块
普及科学知识的电视节目
A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain
A TV programme that brings science to the masses
mass adj.大量的，大批的；民众的
有了电子邮件，点击一个按钮就可以群发邮件。
Email has made mass mailings possible at the touch of a button.
a mass marketing campaign
大规模营销活动
(10) Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
每一层森林都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。
living adj. 1) 活着的；活的
2) 在使用的；在实施的
living n. 生计; 收入
What do you do for a living (=what do you do as a job )
你是做什么营生的？
the finest living pianist
当世的最杰出的钢琴家
a living language (=one that people still use)现用语言
lively/alive/live
alive adj. 活着的，有活力的，常作表语、后置定语或补语
最后，两个勇敢的士兵活捉了敌方的将军
谁是当今最伟大的诗人
他的祖父母仍然活着
他们热烈的讨论这个问题
关于她在非洲生活的故事生动且有趣
lively adj. 活泼的，活跃的，生动的，指人或物，作定语或表语
They fell into a lively discussion of the question.
Her story about her life in Africa was lively and interesting.
His grandparents are still alive. （表语）
Who is the greatest poet alive （后置定语）
In the end, two brave soldiers caught the enemy general alive.（宾补）
live v. 居住；过……的生活
adj. 活的，不指人，一般只作定语。
adj. & adv. 现场直播，实况装播
The couple are living a peaceful life in the countryside.
This is a live tiger. Don’t get too close to it.
The club has live music on nights.
这对夫妻在乡下过着平静的生活
这是一只活老虎，不要靠近它
俱乐部晚上有现场演奏的音乐
Read para. 4 carefully and try to understand the food chain.
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
survive vi. 生存，存活，继续存在
vt. 幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
Strike while the iron is hot.
Some people waste food while others are starving.
尽管
当……时
然而
趁热打铁
(11) While a significant number of jaguars survive here, there are only one element of this forest’s food chain. (page 3, lines 23–24)
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
Paragraph 4
Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
【拓展】
survive vt. 比…活(或存在)的时间长
survival n. 生存；幸存
survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
The old lady has survived all her three children.
当然，她是两个幸存者之一。她的幸存是个奇迹。
这个老妇人比她三个孩子都活的久
They experienced an airplane crash and only two survived.
他们经历了一次飞机失事，只有两人幸存下来。
Of course, she was one of the two survivors. Her survival was a
wonder.
1、a number of
2、the number of
这些天我们班的许多学生都因为猪流感而病了
A large number of students are ill these days because of the swine flu.
意为“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词，用法类似于some，many，lots of，a lot of ，后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
意为“......的数量”，后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。
The number of the students in our class is 53.
我们班学生的人数（即数量）是53.
The number of students in this class ______ (be) 40.
A number of students ______ (be) planting trees in the hill.
a number of/the number of
is
are
许多学生正在山上植树。
班上有四十个学生
Jaguars
美洲虎
At least 87 species, including frogs
青蛙
Leaves and fruit
树叶和果子
Microorganisms
微生物
feed on
break down
feed on
feed on
While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
以...为食
分解
Insects 昆虫
The forest’s food chain
(12) These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地, 这些青蛙以昆虫为食,而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
in turn
生产成本不断提高相应地会引超价格上涨。
2) 依次
There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.
女士们依次发言时，每一位都得到了喝彩。
Increasing production costs will, in turn, lead to higher prices.
1) 相应地,转而
【拓展】
in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
take turns to do sth./ (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It will be in Tom’s turn to be on duty tomorrow.
明天轮到汤姆值日。
The students were taking turns reading aloud.
学生正在轮流朗读。
I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week.
我想这周该轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。
1、turn off 关掉 ; 拐弯
2、turn up 开大 ; 出现 ;
3、turn down 调低 ; 拒绝
4、turn over 移交 ; 翻过来 ; 仔细考虑
5、turn back 返回，回来 ;
6、turn around 转身
7、turn out 结果是；（尤指天气突然）变得（晴好）；熄灭（电灯、煤气等）;生产
8、turn in 上床睡觉；上交；归还；
turn 相关短语：
Fill the blanks with the words in the box below.
off down over in back out up
I haven’t even turned _____Monday’s work yet.
Please turn the television ______ before you go to bed.
The job turned ______ to be harder than we thought.
We arranged to meet at 7 a.m., but she never turned____.
Customs officials turned the man_____ to the police.
Please turn the volume ______. It is a little noisy.
The weather became so bad that they had to turn ______.
in
off
out
up
over
down
back
Paragraph 4
海关官员
(13) When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
当一只美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助它分解身体，并将营养物质返回土壤。
break down
1) 分解；将……分成若干部分
The report breaks down the results region by region.
报告将调查结果按地区分成若干部分。
2) (机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏
Their car broke down
他们的车子出故障了。
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
Paola's marriage broke down.
Paola的婚姻破裂了。
3) (讨论、关系或系统) 失败，破裂，失灵
Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
4) 情不自禁地哭起来:
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
听到这个消息,他不禁失声痛哭。
Paragraph 5
我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。
We need some new people to breathe life into this project.
(14) The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing
carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen.
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。
breathe life into 给…带来起色,注入活力
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1. 是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。It is the readers who _______________a newspaper with their letters.
2. 影评家希望这位年轻导演会给法国的电影业注入新的生命。
Critics are hoping the young director can
__________________ the French film industry.
breathe life into
breathe new life into
fix的一词多义
修理 ；确定（时间，日期，地点）；固定，安装；
1、Not to worry—I can soon fix it.
2、He's going to fix a time when I can see him.
他将确定一个我可以见他的时间。
别着急，我很快就能把它修理好。
3、Please help me fix this tv machine
请帮我安装这个电视机
（15） Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals :us.
此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。
1、be used for 被用来做某事
adj. 不可取代的，独一无二的
replace
irreplaceable
v. 取代
The computer can be used as a tool
2、be used as 被用作..
电脑可以被当作一门工具
pens are used for writing
笔被用来写字
(16) Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约17%的雨林已经消失了。
due to: because of 由于, 因为 (常用于正式文体中)
The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.
由于天气不好, 航班被取消了。
agriculture n. 农业；农学；农艺
agricultural adj. 农业的，农用的
agricultural policy/land/production/development
农业政策/土地/生产/开发
(17) As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺” 的后果吗？
impact n. 1) 作用，影响
New technologies will have an impact on teaching methods
新技术会对教学方法产生影响。
2)冲击力，撞击力撞击；冲撞；冲击力
The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.
这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。
impact v. 有影响；冲击
impact on/upon 对……产生影响
Her father’s death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years.
他父亲的去世深刻地影响她的童年多年
damage v. 损害, 损坏, 损伤
His house was badly damaged in the earthquake.
damage n. 损坏，破坏；损害，伤害
do/ cause damage to 对……造成伤害
The disease can cause serious damage to the brain.
他的房子在地震中受损严重。
这种疾病会对大脑造成严重损伤。
2019年8月22日，据巴西国家空间研究所的卫星数据显示，亚马孙地区森林大火已持续燃烧了16天。截至8月18日，2019年以来亚马孙森林火灾数量超过7.2万起，较2018年同期增长了83%。
由于开发不当和保护不利，巴西的亚马逊雨林正在遭到严重的破坏，热带雨林面积正以惊人的速度减少，森林覆盖率已从原来的80%减少到58%，以致动植物资源遭到破坏，造成水土流失、暴雨、旱灾、土地荒漠化等一系列环境问题。
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
他往下看，看到一张张笑脸。
2. The pond was alive with frogs.
池塘里满是青蛙。
3. Increasing production costs will, in turn, lead to higher prices.
生产成本不断提高相应地会引起价格上涨。
4. We need some new people to breathe life into this project.
我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。
1. He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.
Complete part A1 on page 4 with the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1: Introduction to the Amazon rainforest
Para. 2: Basic information about the rainforest
Para. 3: _____________________________________
Para. 4: ______________________________________
Para. 5: ______________________________________
Step 2 Analysing the structure
Plant biodiversity; levels of the rainforest
Animal biodiversity; food chain
The rainforest’s value to the human ; threats to the rainforest
Reading for specific information
8
6 million
6,400
40,000
1,300
400
20%
17%
The Amazon rainforest is home to a great (1)_________of plant life; however, its soil is surprisingly poor in nutrients.
B1 The passage below is from a website about the Amazon plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
agriculture impact thus due to
variety survive beneath break down
variety
Building your language
In fact, the soil in the region cannot support (2)____________ for more than a few years. If a scientist is shown a report listing the nutrients of that soil, he or she will probably think that only desert plants can (3)____________in it! Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients For one thing, the rainy season has a(n) (4)___________on the soil. In the rainy season, the water level can rise to more than 12 metres.
agriculture
survive
agriculture impact thus due to
variety survive beneath break down
impact
When the water goes away, it takes away the nutrients in the soil. For another thing, (5)___________the Amazon's hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients. Dead plants and animals (6)_____________more quickly. The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep (7)_________the ground. As a result, most of the forest's nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, (8)_________ allowing them to grow at an unbelievable speed.
due to
break down
beneath
thus
agriculture impact thus due to
variety survive beneath break down
Negative prefixes
Prefixes Words
un- unbelievable, uncomfortable, unclear,
uncommon, unconditional
dis- disappear, disagree, disadvantage, disappoint
in-/im-/il-/ir- irreplaceable, impossible, independent, illegal
non- non-smoking, non-renewable, non-profit, non-stop
B2 P5
不可再生的
You will be _________ (able) to pass the exam if you don’t study hard.
If someone doesn’t show good manners to others, he is __________ (polite).
Simon is such a(n) __________ (honest) person that no one believes him.
It is so __________ (fair). Mary gets more money for less work.
They looked poor and __________ (healthy).
Would you let other people’s __________ (sense) change your mood
Most of that money goes to __________ (profit) organizations that run programmes for the poor.
It is __________ (friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates.
unfriendly
impolite
dishonest
unfair
unhealthy
nonsense
non-profit
unable
Fill in the blanks with words with negative prefixes.
THANK YOU