牛津译林版（2019）必修第二册Unit 2 Be sporty,be healthy Extended reading 课件(62张ppt)

The Last Days of Pompeii
(Excerpt)

What do you know about Pompeii?

Lead-in
an ancient Roman city

What can you see in the picture?
Lead-in
a volcanic eruption
Pompeii
庞贝古城
Italy 意大利
Mount Vesuvius
维苏威火山
Lead-in
What happened to the city?
Volcano Eruption of Mount Vesuvius

Can you imagine what has happened to the city or the people?
Lead-in
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KS4y1V7gp?share_source=copy_web
city remains
Now let's read the introduction to Edward Bulwer-Lytton and the excerpt from his novel to learn more about it.
(1803–1873)
He was an English politician（政治家）, poet, playwright (剧作家), and prolific (多产的) novelist.
Pompeii
warming up
Background
information
了解背景信息
Understand
novel’s plot
理解小说的情节
Appreciate
language
欣赏语言风格
Discuss
Make up a story
讨论后 编造故事
Founded
Destroyed
Rediscovered
79 AD
800 BC
1748 AD
Volcano
What happened to Pompeii?
Pompeii
What do you know about Pompeii?
It belonged to Roman Empire.
它属于罗马帝国。
It is an international tourist destination.
它是一个国际旅游目的地。
It was buried alive by a volcanic eruption.
它被火山喷发活埋了。
It is located in Italy.
它位于意大利。
Mount Vesuvius
维苏威火山
When a volcano is erupting, red-hot liquid rock called lava spews from the top; ash and poison gases are released.
当火山喷发时，炽热的液体岩石，即熔岩从顶部喷涌而出;灰烬和有毒气体被释放出来。
Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano that rises above the Bay of Naples on the plain of Campania in southern Italy. The eruption of Vesuvius in the year 79 was destructive, burying the city of Pompeii.
维苏威火山是一座活跃的火山，位于意大利南部坎帕尼亚平原的那不勒斯湾之上。公元79年，维苏威火山爆发，摧毁了庞贝城。

Classification of volcanoes
火山的类型?
There are a variety of?ways to classify volcanoes. One of the simplest ways to classify volcanoes is by their recent eruptive history and potential for future eruptions.
火山的分类方法有很多种。对火山进行分类的一种最简单的方法是根据它们最近的爆发历史和未来爆发的可能性。
Active volcano: volcanoes that have?erupted in recent history or are showing signs of activity
活火山:在近代历史上爆发过或显示出活动迹象的火山
Dormant volcano:?volcanoes that are currently quiet but could erupt
休眠火山:目前平静但可能爆发的火山
Extinct volcano:?volcanoes that erupted thousands of years ago but are not expected to erupt again
死火山:几千年前爆发但预计不会再次爆发的火山
active volcano
活火山
dormant volcano
休眠火山
Extinct volcano
死火山
Submarine volcano
海底火山
1. …when Mount Vesuvius erupted.
……当维苏威火山爆发时。
erupt vi. & vt. 爆发；突然发生

erupt into 突然变为或发展成（更坏的事）
eruption n. 喷发，爆发
Their conversations often erupted into argument


他们在谈话中经常会突然争吵起来。
岩浆喷发前储积在地壳中。
Magma(岩浆) is stored in crustal before eruption.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The extinct volcano’s ___________ (erupt) would mean a
disaster for the city.
2) Finally their argument erupted __________ fierce fighting.
eruption
into
Match the main idea to each paragraph
Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
Signs of the volcanic eruption
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Rediscovery of the city
Reactions and feelings of people
Description of Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius
General introduction to the writer and his novel
Scanning:find the topic sentence
What is the structure of the passage?
A.①?②③?④⑤ B.①②?③④?⑤
C.①?②③④?⑤ D.①②?③?④⑤
Scanning:dividing the parts
Main idea
Part 1
________
_____________________before the volcanic eruption
Part 2
________
__________________ during the volcanic eruption
Part 3
________
__________________________ after the volcanic eruption
para. 1
What Pompeii looks like
What happened
para.2-4
para. 5
Discovery of ruins of Pompeii
Look through the excerpt and divide it into three parts.
Pompeii was a typical Roman city. In its little shops,its tiny palaces, its forum, its wine bars, its theatre——in the energy and skill of its people, you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.(page 25 paragraph 1 line 1-3)
庞贝城是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小小商铺、一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的能量和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。
Translation 翻译
Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. (page 25 paragraph 1 line 3-5)
The boats of the fisherman moved rapidly in all directions.Above all, the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!(page 25 paragraph 1 line 5-8)
Translation 翻译
条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！
进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。
2. Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying
exports overseas,…
把进口货物运到城里或把出口货物运往海外的商船，……
import n. 进口产品，输入的产品 vt. ?进口，引进


They don’t like eating food imports.
他们不喜欢吃进口食品。
The import of cotton goods went up sharply.
棉制品的进口急剧增加。
The country has to import most of its raw materials.
这个国家原料大部分靠进口。
import
import … from 从……进口
import … into 进口……到……

The factory imported some machines from Germany last year.
去年那家工厂从德国进口了一批机器。
They imported coffee into China.
他们把咖啡进口到中国。
【注意】
ex- 出
港口
im- 进
export 出口
import 进口
export to 出口到...
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) They _________________________ (进口棉花和羊毛到……)
their country to meet people’s needs.
2) The goods on the truck will _________________ (出口到……)
the US and Canada.
import cotton and wool into
be exported to
Para.1:
Line 13: Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come.
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么
now… now…
时而…时而…
Her moods kept changing—now happy, now sad.
她的情绪一直在变化—时而高兴，时而悲伤。
Para.1:
Line 7: Pompeii was a typical Roman city.
What are the typical features of Pompeii and Roman Empire?
庞贝和罗马帝国的典型特征是什么?
Para.1:
Line 7: Pompeii was a typical Roman city.
What are the typical features of Pompeii and Roman Empire?

trading ships bringing imports or carrying exports overseas
little shops, tiny places, forum, wine bars, theatre.
wine bars, theatre, pleasure boats（游船）
prosperous 繁荣的
Developed sea trade:
发达的海上贸易
Colorful life:
丰富多彩的生活
Advanced civilization：
先进的文明
Roman daily life
For the rich the day was divided between business and leisure. Most Romans worked a six-hour day, beginning at dawn and ending at noon. The city’s forum would be empty because the afternoon was devoted to leisure - attending the games (gladiatorial competitions, chariot races, or wrestling), the theater or the baths - all of which were also enjoyed by the poor.
Colorful life
对富人来说，一天被分为办公时间和休闲时间。大多数罗马人一天工作六小时，从黎明开始，到中午结束。城市的广场将是空的，因为下午是用来休闲的—参加游戏(角斗比赛，战车比赛，或摔跤)，剧院或浴室—所有的项目，穷人也可以享受。
Para.1:
Line 7: Pompeii was a typical Roman city.
Why did the author describe the prosperous scene of Pompeii in the first paragraph?
为什么作者在第一段描述庞贝的繁荣景象?
对比它的生机勃勃的过去和死气沉沉的现在。
To show the destructive power of nature.
To make a comparison between its lively past and lifeless present.
展示大自然的破坏力。
Para. 1: Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light...
Para. 2: The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of a huge tree.
Para. 3: At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
Read para. 1–3 and find the sentences which show the signs before and during the volcanic eruption.
Ashy rocks
A tree-like cloud
An earthquake
In a sense, this tragedy could have been avoided.
从某种意义上说，这场悲剧本可以避免。?
Translation
可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它形似一株巨树：树干，黑魆魆的；枝叶，那是火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！
The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEL! The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano. It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches,fire! This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment: now it was wildly bright, now of a pale and dying red, and now again it burnt with an unbearable light! (page 25 paragraph 2)
3. It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the
branches fire!
它的形状像一棵大树：树枝全是黑色，树干是烈火！
take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……形式

The clouds in the sky take the form of different animals.
天空中的云也不同动物的形式出现。
in the form of 以……的形式
take form 逐渐成形
fall in/ out a form 填表
【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1) ________________________ (如果你填了这张表), you can
take books out of the library.
2) Our next class will _____________________ (采取……的形式)
debate and we will discuss whether human activities play a key
role in global warming.
3) My father _____________________ (养成了习惯) getting
up early.
If you fill in / out this form?
take the form of
has formed the habit of
4. … and now again it burnt with an unbearable light!
……一会儿又燃烧成难以忍受的光芒！
unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的
The heat was getting unbearable.
热得叫人无法忍受。
(1) un-前缀 可放在形容词前，表示“相反的，不……的”，如：
unacceptable 不能接受的
uncertain 不确定的，无把握的
unforgettable 难忘的
unusual 非同寻常的
untidy 不整洁的
unconscious 无知觉的，无意识的
(2) un- 放在名词前，表示“不，非……”，如：
unrest 动乱，不安 unbalance 失去平衡，紊乱
unemployment 失业 uncertainty 无把握，不确定
(3) “un-” 放在动词前，可以表示“与原动作相反”的意思，如：
undress 脱衣 unmask 除去面具；使露出真相
undo 松开，解开
What's the tone of this part? How does the author create a sense of fear ?
这部分的基调是什么?作者是如何制造一种恐惧感的?
Terrifying, frightening, scary... 可怕的
Through the descriptions of the eruption.
通过对火山爆发的描述。
The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet;beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! Over the empty streets-over the forum-far and wide-with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea-fell that awful shower! (page 26 paragraph 3)
女人们突然大哭；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感受到脚下的大地正在开始颤抖，他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来。阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水；与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头，落在空荡荡的街道，落在广场上，四面八方，还有许多掉在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响－下了一场可怕的大雨！
Translation
5. The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other,
but were silent.
女人们突然大哭；男人们面面相觑，沉默不语。
break out 突然开始，爆发
Fire broke out during the night.
夜间突然发生了火灾.
含break短语
break down 出故障; 垮掉
break in 强行进入; 打断
break off 断开; 中断
break through 取得突破
break up 结束，解散，分手
【语境应用】用含break的短语填空。
1) We are sorry to arrive late, but the car ______________.
2) Her friends came to help her when the war ___________.
3) We had to ____________ the house as we had lost the key.
4) He ___________ the chocolate and gave each child a small
piece.
5) They were arguing but ______________ when someone
came into the room.
break down
broke out
break in
broke up
broke off
6. …beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
……从另一边，远处，传来屋顶坍塌的声音。

beyond adv. 在（或向）较远处；在另一边
They crossed the mountains and headed for the valleys beyond.
他们翻过山，向那边的山谷进发。
Beyond the river, cattle were grazing.
河的那边，牛儿在吃草。
beyond
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond control 无法控制
beyond comparison 无与伦比
beyond description 无法描述
beyond expectation 出乎意料
beyond prep. ?在（或向）更远处，超出，无法
【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1) After 25 years the town had changed _________________
(认不出来了).
2) Due to circumstances __________________ (我们无法控制),
the performance had to be canceled.
3) Some shops keep open ______________ (到午夜之后).
4) The switch on the wall was __________________________
(在孩子够不着的地方)。
beyond recognition
beyond our control
beyond midnight
beyond the baby’s reach
distance n. 遥远，距离，疏远，冷淡

I cycled the short distance home.
我骑了很短的一段距离回家。
Is his distance a result of snobbery or shyness?
他态度冷淡是因为他势利眼呢, 还是因为他腼腆?
远处教堂的钟声响起。
Church bells rang in the distance
【语境应用】一句多译。
那只狗看上去很凶，所以我决定躲远点。
The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to __________________ from it.
The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to _______________________.
keep my distance
keep me at a distance
keep sb. at a distance 与某人疏远
keep one’s distance from… 与……保持距离
distant adj. 远的；久远的；远离的；冷淡的(常接介词from)
distantly adv. 遥远地
be distant towards sb. 对某人冷淡
be distant from... 离……远
Each turned to fly---each running, pressing, pushing against the other. If, in the darkness, wife was seperated from husband, or parent from child, there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. So came the earthquake... and so ended life in Pompeii.(page 26 paragraph 4)
所有人都赶忙飞奔一他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了......庞贝城的生活就此终结。
Translation
What's the tone of this two paras? How does the author create a sense of fear ?
这两段的基调是什么? 作者是如何制造一种恐惧感的?
Scared 害怕 , nervous 紧张
Through the descriptions of the people's reaction.
通过对人们反应的描述。
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Para. 2
Paras. 3
Paras. 4
Volcano
The earth____________
Roofs _______________
Mountain-cloud_______
Ashes and stones______
The earthquake came.
People’s
action
The crowd looked upwards, and saw with unspeakable fear.
Women cried.
Men were silent.
People’s
feeling

fly, run
press, push
hurry
scared, frightened
hopeless, desperate
During the eruption
(para.2-4 )
A huge cloud shot from the top of the volcano.
shook
fell
roll
showered
Read para.5
Which one is not referred to about its remains unearthed?
A. Fresh walls
B. Rich patterns of its floor
C. Silent restroom
D. Half-finished columns
c
Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single color changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short.
(page 26 paragraph 5)
?
时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰袭击庞贝人很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹得以留存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。
Translation
Translation
para.5:
What can people see in today’s Pompeii?
Read para.5 again and answer the following question:
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday;not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand.
它的墙壁还很新鲜，就像昨天刚粉刷过一样;它那花纹丰富的地板上没有任何颜色的变化。在它的广场上，半成品的柱子似乎是工人的手刚刚留下的。
What did the city remains look like after it was unearthed?
Lively
Lifeless
Para.1
Para.5
comparison
Compare the two pictures
past
Compare the first and last paras, what effect do they create?
It creates a strong comparison between Pompeii's lively past and lifeless present. By doing so, the author wants to remind us that in the flowing river of time, human's life is just a ripple and in the face of Mother Nature's power, human beings are small and weak.
它创造了庞贝生动的过去和死气沉沉的现在之间的强烈对比。作者这样做是想提醒我们，在时间的长河中，人的生命只是一个涟漪，在大自然的力量面前，人是渺小和脆弱的。
Appreciation:Writing style
Nature is to be respected, not to be conquered.
History is to be remembered, not to be buried.
自然是要被尊重的，而不是被征服的。
历史是被铭记的，而不是被埋葬的。