人教版（新课程标准）必修三单元测试 Unit 4 Astronomy-the science of the stars 基础夯实练习（含答案无听力）
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| 名称 | 人教版（新课程标准）必修三单元测试 Unit 4 Astronomy-the science of the stars 基础夯实练习（含答案无听力） |  | |
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Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 基础夯实
2022-2023学年高一英语人教版必修三单元测试
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分）
(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Make Space in Your Sununer for Free Fun
You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut: you can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum s first Family Day of the season一to tell you all about her adventures. (OK, it's actually an actress pretending to be Earhart. ) MASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, e and learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer(驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites(陨石) that were found on the moon,see the capsule(太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We'll give you one example: July 20,1969一46 years ago this month. Do you know what happened that day
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 a. m. to 7 : 30 p. m. through September 1(with a few early closings at 5 :30 p. m.; visit our website for details).
Family Day programmes are from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m.
Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. and Saturday from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m.
All ages, but best for age 7 and older.
For more information, call 202-6332214 or go to www. airandspace. si. edu.
1.What can museum visitors do on July 16
A.Create lunar art. B.Step into an unusual capsule.
C.See a movie about Earhart's adventures. D.Learn about a missing woman pilot's life.
2.What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day!”
A.It includes a moon quiz competition. B.It's the first Family Day at the museum.
C.It features a famous astronaut's explanations. D.It gives people first-hand experience of space.
3.What's the closing time for the Family Day programmes
A.3 p. m. B.4 p. m. C.5 :30 p. m. D.7 :30 p. m.
B
I was the fourth generation to live on a land of woods and fields that had once been a working farm. Through the generations, my family watched a city spread all around us. Gradually, neighbouring families sold their houses,which were replaced with housing developments and shopping malls.
When I was a student in college, a shopping center was built directly behind us. While it was now convenient to do our shopping, we also had to get used to the loud noises at night from delivery trucks(送货车).
One morning, having finished my exams for the last term, my mother and I walked on the land while talking about my future plans. Megan, our three-year-old dog. had disappeared into the woods. Before long Megan reappeared, carrying some bread in his mouth. My mother had always been proud of teaching her children good values. It was clear by the look on her face that she had the same expectations of the dog.
She looked frightened at the possibility that her clog could be a criminal(罪犯). Maybe somebody had thrown it into the trash(垃圾) and Megan had simply picked it up.
Mum kept a watchful eye on him to make sure that it did not happen again. For a while things seemed good. One Saturday afternoon my mother sent me to the store to get some last-minute things. While at the checkout counter(收银台) I heard the store worker say, “Oh here comes that dog again.” I watched, ashamed(惭愧的), as everyone laughed. He headed to the bread shelf, took some bread and walked out. All I could think to do was to offer to pay for the bread.
When I got outside, the dog was nowhere in sight.I found him at home with the bread, and told Mum what I had just seen. My mother took the bread from the dog and shook her head in disbelief. She could not believe she had raised a shoplifter.
Megan was locked inside the house after that.
1.What was the neighbourhood like when the author was at college
A.Peaceful. B.Busy. C.Tidy. D.Traditional.
2.What were the author's mother's expectations of her children
A.They would go to college. B.They would stay with her.
C.They would be well-behaved. D.They would always be quiet.
3.How did the author's mother feel when she first found the dog with some bread
A.Fairly calm. B.Quite angry. C.Quite pleased. D.Rather worried.
4.What happened one Saturday afternoon
A.Megan lost his way home. B.The author went to buy some bread.
C.The author saw Megan stole some bread. D.Megan ate some bread at the store’s bread shelf.
C
Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______.
A.were the biggest bird in the world B.lived mainly in the south of America
C.did great harm to the natural environment D.were the largest population in the US
2.The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _______.
A.escape B.ruin C.liberation D.evolution
3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons
A.To seek pleasure. B.To save other birds. C.To make money. D.To protect crops.
4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan
A.It was ignored by the public. B.It was declared too late.
C.It was unfair. D.It was strict.
D
Of all the planetst none has captured the world’s imagination like Mars. Its reddish colour and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos, the television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H. G. Wells The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great work's. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring,Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking Landers that reached Mars in July of 1976. They also saw meteorites(陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year old Sam
learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said, “It’s actually orangish more than red and it’s also kind of brown, too. ” Emma is six. She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars, She said, “The closest thing to Mars the stuff —is from volcanoes mostly.”
“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia’s children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Why Martians were considered threatening.
B.Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C.What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D.How H. G. Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
2.It is implied in Paragraph 3 that ___________.
A.today’s space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B.today’s space scientists are very interested in Mars
C.science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D.space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
3. Sam would probably agree that __________.
A.Mars is not really red
B.no meteorites have come from Mars
C.Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D.the ancient description of Mars' colour is true
4.What is the writer s attitude toward the idea that humans will set foot on Mars
A.He thinks it may happen in this year.
B.He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C.He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D.He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In today's world English has become a global language. Speaking or writing in English is a matter of global interest these days, for it is now a requirement for being able to communicate with the outer world. ①______________.
Enthusiasm(热情)
The first thing you need to have is an enthusiasm to reach your goal. The most important thing you have to have is emotional (情感的)devotion with your desire to learn English quickly. ②______________.
③______________.
You pass by a lot of things in English that you meet with in your day-to-day life. Things could include magazines, emails, posts on social media, websites, a piece of literary work(文学作品) or a newspaper. Read them because you never know what is waiting for you in there. You might find that a lot of things are already known to you but the content will surely be full of new vocabulary allowing you to improve faster.
Keep a note of the new words
④______________ It’s a bit more important that you keep a handy notebook with you and whenever you learn a new word or expression, write down the context along with the word. Use the word in a sentence and note the meaning, too. Sometimes you may find forgetting a certain word or phrase seems impossible. ⑤______________. So,to prevent this you need to keep visiting your pages and go through the notes you have made time and time again.
A. Don't just move on after reading
B. Read everything you may come across
C. Don't let yourself down if you face a difficulty
D. However, being a human being, you are built to forget
E. You won’t achieve success if you aren't enthusiastic enough
F. By following these tips you will improve the language quickly
G. Spend the most of your time in either listening or reading in English
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节,满分30分）
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was New Year time. We were travelling in a small truck 1 toys to the homeless. When we 2 the spot, something caught my eyes. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I realized that it was the home of a poor family. There were two 3 , both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there 4 .
As a little girl myself I was especially interested in the little girl. How 5 our lives were. She lived for the day, 6 through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about food. I had a good education and a 7 future. I looked at the little girl. The only 8 she had was the worn-out dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to 9 her a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the truck came to a stop, I stepped out, called the girl over and 10 the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with 11 and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw 12 in her eyes. I went back into the truck and we started to 13 off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running 14 . We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had 15 with us. She looked directly at me and said two simple words “Thank You”.
1.A.handing out B.handing in C.giving away D.giving back
2.A.left B.changed C.chose D.approached
3.A.boys B.children C.drivers D.adults
4.A.happily B.angrily C.hopefully D.helplessly
5.A.similar B.different C.difficult D.ordinary
6.A.searching B.getting C.running D.breaking
7.A.doubtful B.distant C.bright D.magical
8.A.present B.decoration C.requirement D.belongings
9.A.gift B.show C.recommend D.sell
10.A.tore B.placed C.dropped D.threw
11.A.anger B.pain C.surprise D.disappointment
12.A.hope B.fear C.anger D.astonishment
13.A.walk B.get C.lift D.drive
14.A.behind B.away C.out D.in
15.A.got along B.come along C.caught up D.turned up
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We may be very ①________ (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present ②________ (exam)systems which focus ③________ testing the students' memory instead of their④________ (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination ⑤________ will decide his future job. In fact a good examination system should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember ⑥________ is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often may be the⑦________ (good) in their studies. In addition, such ⑧________ examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the ⑨________ (come) examination.
There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as ⑩________ as their knowledge.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假如你是李华,最近收到了你的美国朋友John的来信。他在来信中说,他刚进高中,不能适应新的环境,不知道如何去结交新朋友,因而情绪低落。请根据以下内容给他写一封回信,回信应包括以下内容:
1.向John表示问候和安慰。2.针对他的问题提出以下建议:
(1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动;
(2)同学遇到麻烦时,要去帮助他们;
(3)自己遇到困难时要向他们求助。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数 应为150左右。
Last summer when my family was on the road to Montana, we arrived in Great Falls late one night. The kids had fallen asleep in the car, so my husband went and checked in while I stayed with the kids. When he returned with the room keys, we woke up our children and took them out of the car, through the hotel, up the elevators and into our guest room. We kept the room dark, leaving only the entry light on, and quickly put the kids into bed hoping they'd drift off to sleep.
My husband went to put our water in the mini-fridge only to notice some beers. "That's strange", he said and I agreed, but having discovered left-behind drinks in hotel fridges in the past I didn't think much about it. I figured the housekeepers had forgotten to check it. In the meantime, my husband ran to the store and I went into the bathroom to get ready for bed. As I washed my face. I looked down to see cardboard beer containers in the trash. I felt my heart begin to pound. We were in someone else's room!
Now panicked, I checked the closet. Nothing. I then went to the dresser drawers. Nothing. My eyes scanned the door room's floor and there it was: A black bag that looked like one of ours. But it wasn't!
I immediately called the front desk and the waitress in charge responded with an "Oh, my God! This is not good!"
By now the kids were wide-awake, jumping on the beds as I was trying to put all of our things back into our oversized suitcase. Just while we were packing our things, I heard someone unlocking the door, which made my heart beat wildly.
Paragraph 1:
The door opened and in came a young man.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I didn't know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress arrived out of breath.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight”和“on July 16 ... to tell you all about her adventures” 可知, 在7月16日博物馆的家庭日活动中,游客可以了解关于Earhart这名失踪的女飞行员的故事。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中列举的"发现月球日”活动:steer(驾驶) a robotic rover, examine meteorites(陨石),see the capsule (太空舱)和 view photos of the lunar surface可知,该活动会给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。
3.细节理解题。根据文章后半部分中的 "Family Day programmes are from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m. ”可知,家庭日的活动最晚下午3点结束。
B.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的作者家背后就是购物中心,晚上运货车有噪音可知,作者家周边很繁忙。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My mother had always been proud of teaching her children good values. ”可知,作者的母亲期待孩子们都能有良好的表现。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“She looked frightened at the possibility that her dog could be a criminal(罪犯)”可知, 她发现狗带回面包后感到很担忧,害怕真的是偷回来的。
4.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He headed to the bread shelf, took some bread and walked out. ”可知,作者亲眼看到自家的狗在商店偷了面包。
C.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。在美国,18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。人们认为旅鸽数量多,会永恒的供应,于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。19世纪末,美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽。在1897年,到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时,在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群。最后一批旅鸽,于1914年,在辛辛那提动物园死去。
考查细节理解。在18世纪和19世纪初期,旅鸽的数量怎么样 根据Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.可知在美国,18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。故选D。
2.考查词义猜测。划线单词undoing可能指的是旅鸽发生了什么情况 根据Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.可知人们认为旅鸽数量多会永恒的供应,于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。因此判断此处undoing的意思是死亡,毁灭。故选B。
3.考查细节理解。人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是什么 根据Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.可知商业猎人捕捉了大量的旅鸽,把他们卖到大城市的餐馆里,因此推测人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是为了赚钱。故选C。选项A的意思是寻开心。文中没有提到让人们高兴的内容,故不符合文章的意思。选项B,为了挽救其他鸟类。在文中没有提到其他鸟类,故不符合原文,故排除B项。选项D,为了保护庄稼。根据the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,可知美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽,而不是为了保护庄稼,故排除D项。
4.考查推理判断。关于密歇根州通过得法律我们可以推断出什么 根据In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.可知到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时,在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群,这可推断旅鸽数量已经很少了,因此这项法律通过得太晚了。故选B。
【长难句分析】It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.据估计,当数量达到最高点的时候,有三十多亿只旅鸽——占美国鸟类总量的百分之二十四到百分之四十,使它可能成为世界上数量最多的鸟类。该句为复合句。主干句含有句型It was calculated that...,意为“据估计……”;句中It是形式主语,后面that引导主语从句,从句是复合句结构,when引导时间状语从句。另外,a number...是同位语;making...是结果状语。
D.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.段落大意题,通读第二段可知,这一段主要介绍了人们关于火星的一些传统认识,故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段"Today, Mars continues to excite humans一not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information ...”可推断,现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said,‘It’s actually orangish more than red and it's also kind of brown,too. ”’可知,A项正确。
4.推理判断题。根据未段中的“a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes"可知,作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。
第二节
答案：FEBAD
解析：在当今世界,英语已经成 为一种全球性的语言,掌握英语已经是与外部世界交流的必要条件。作者给出了几点学习英语的建议。
1. F该段介绍英语应用越来越广泛,下文作者给出快速提高英语水平的三个方面的建议,由此可知F项“By following these tips you will improve the language quickly”(通过这些技巧,你将很快地提高语言水平。)承上启下,符合语境。
2. E根据本段的副标题和本段第一句“The first thing you need to have is an enthusiasm to reach your goal. ”“你需要做的第一件事就是实现目标的热情。”,可知,如果你没有足够的热情,你就不会取得成功。选E。
3. B本空是小标题。根据本段内容可知，在你的日常生活中,你会遇到杂志、电子邮件、网站、文学作品、报纸等,多阅读它们会给你更 丰富的词汇,助你更快提高英语水平。因此作者建议要阅读你所见过的—切。选B。
4. A本空后一句提到你学习一个新的单词或短语时,把上下文和这个词一起写下来,可知不要只是读过就放过了,要随身携带一本方便的笔记本。选A。
5. D本空后一句提到“因此,为了避免这种情况,你需要不断地复习笔记。”此处的“this”是指人生来就会健忘这件事。选D。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDBDB 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 CADAC
第二节
答案：1. pleased 2. examination 3. on4. ability 5. which/that6. what7. best8 an 9. coming10. well
解析： ①pleased表示人“感到高兴的”，符合句意。
②空前说的是progress“进步”，空后说的是不足“have almost done nothing to improve our present examination systems”。可见前后分句为转折关系，故填examination。
③focus on是一个短语，意为“集中于”，符合句意，故填on。
④their是一个形容词性物主代词，后面要接名词作宾语，故填ability。
⑤examination为先行词，后面的定语从句缺主语，故填which/that。
⑥remember为动词，后面是一个宾语从句。由于此从句缺主语，故填what。
⑦由空前的students可知这里指的是许多学生，因此要用最高级形式best。
⑧examination以元音音素开头，因此要用不定冠词an。
⑨coming是一个形容词，意为“即将到来的”，符合句意。
⑩as well as是一个介词短语，意为“和，以及”，符合句意。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear John,
I am really sorry to hear that you feel bad after entering high school. I'd like to talk about it with you.
In fact, in your high school, your classmates are also new students and facing the same problem, so you don't have to worry too much about it. There is also something that you can do to change this situation. First, try to invite some of your classmates to take part in some activities together after school. This will help you understand each other better. Then, help your classmates when they are in trouble and turn to them for help when you have difficulty.
I believe you will make many new friends and have a happy school life there.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
The door opened and in came a young man. After seeing us packing our things into our suitcase, he was shocked and angry. I tried to explain what had happened. However, he wouldn't listen to me. He talked with me in a loud voice, making my kids frightened. The kids began to cry. Just at that time my husband returned, with some things bought from the store in his hands. Thinking the young man was unfriendly, he started to quarrel with him.
Paragraph 2:
I didn't know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress arrived out of breath. Watching the waitress, all of us stopped talking. She explained that her mother became badly ill last night, which contributed to her fault. After explaining the reason to us, the waitress burst into tears. The young man, my husband and I, even my kids, tried to comfort the waitress. We said sorry to each other. The special experience in someone else's room made me realize forgiveness is a kind of virtue.
解析： 根据所给材料可知，作者一家人旅途中去宾馆住宿，但却发现服务员把他们带进了别人的房间。根据续写部分第一段所给出的开头语可以判断，"a young man"是登记入住这个房间的人；根据续写部分第二段中的"but luckily the waitress"可知，服务员恰当地处理了这件事。因此续写部分要抓住两个关键点：年轻人回到自己的房间却发现里面有陌生人，他们会面的场景会是怎样的？服务员又是怎样处理这件事的？因此学生在构思时应将重点放在怎样让故事衔接得更自然、更流畅。
2022-2023学年高一英语人教版必修三单元测试
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分）
(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Make Space in Your Sununer for Free Fun
You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut: you can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum s first Family Day of the season一to tell you all about her adventures. (OK, it's actually an actress pretending to be Earhart. ) MASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, e and learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer(驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites(陨石) that were found on the moon,see the capsule(太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We'll give you one example: July 20,1969一46 years ago this month. Do you know what happened that day
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 a. m. to 7 : 30 p. m. through September 1(with a few early closings at 5 :30 p. m.; visit our website for details).
Family Day programmes are from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m.
Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. and Saturday from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m.
All ages, but best for age 7 and older.
For more information, call 202-6332214 or go to www. airandspace. si. edu.
1.What can museum visitors do on July 16
A.Create lunar art. B.Step into an unusual capsule.
C.See a movie about Earhart's adventures. D.Learn about a missing woman pilot's life.
2.What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day!”
A.It includes a moon quiz competition. B.It's the first Family Day at the museum.
C.It features a famous astronaut's explanations. D.It gives people first-hand experience of space.
3.What's the closing time for the Family Day programmes
A.3 p. m. B.4 p. m. C.5 :30 p. m. D.7 :30 p. m.
B
I was the fourth generation to live on a land of woods and fields that had once been a working farm. Through the generations, my family watched a city spread all around us. Gradually, neighbouring families sold their houses,which were replaced with housing developments and shopping malls.
When I was a student in college, a shopping center was built directly behind us. While it was now convenient to do our shopping, we also had to get used to the loud noises at night from delivery trucks(送货车).
One morning, having finished my exams for the last term, my mother and I walked on the land while talking about my future plans. Megan, our three-year-old dog. had disappeared into the woods. Before long Megan reappeared, carrying some bread in his mouth. My mother had always been proud of teaching her children good values. It was clear by the look on her face that she had the same expectations of the dog.
She looked frightened at the possibility that her clog could be a criminal(罪犯). Maybe somebody had thrown it into the trash(垃圾) and Megan had simply picked it up.
Mum kept a watchful eye on him to make sure that it did not happen again. For a while things seemed good. One Saturday afternoon my mother sent me to the store to get some last-minute things. While at the checkout counter(收银台) I heard the store worker say, “Oh here comes that dog again.” I watched, ashamed(惭愧的), as everyone laughed. He headed to the bread shelf, took some bread and walked out. All I could think to do was to offer to pay for the bread.
When I got outside, the dog was nowhere in sight.I found him at home with the bread, and told Mum what I had just seen. My mother took the bread from the dog and shook her head in disbelief. She could not believe she had raised a shoplifter.
Megan was locked inside the house after that.
1.What was the neighbourhood like when the author was at college
A.Peaceful. B.Busy. C.Tidy. D.Traditional.
2.What were the author's mother's expectations of her children
A.They would go to college. B.They would stay with her.
C.They would be well-behaved. D.They would always be quiet.
3.How did the author's mother feel when she first found the dog with some bread
A.Fairly calm. B.Quite angry. C.Quite pleased. D.Rather worried.
4.What happened one Saturday afternoon
A.Megan lost his way home. B.The author went to buy some bread.
C.The author saw Megan stole some bread. D.Megan ate some bread at the store’s bread shelf.
C
Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______.
A.were the biggest bird in the world B.lived mainly in the south of America
C.did great harm to the natural environment D.were the largest population in the US
2.The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _______.
A.escape B.ruin C.liberation D.evolution
3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons
A.To seek pleasure. B.To save other birds. C.To make money. D.To protect crops.
4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan
A.It was ignored by the public. B.It was declared too late.
C.It was unfair. D.It was strict.
D
Of all the planetst none has captured the world’s imagination like Mars. Its reddish colour and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos, the television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H. G. Wells The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great work's. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring,Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking Landers that reached Mars in July of 1976. They also saw meteorites(陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year old Sam
learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said, “It’s actually orangish more than red and it’s also kind of brown, too. ” Emma is six. She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars, She said, “The closest thing to Mars the stuff —is from volcanoes mostly.”
“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia’s children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Why Martians were considered threatening.
B.Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C.What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D.How H. G. Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
2.It is implied in Paragraph 3 that ___________.
A.today’s space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B.today’s space scientists are very interested in Mars
C.science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D.space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
3. Sam would probably agree that __________.
A.Mars is not really red
B.no meteorites have come from Mars
C.Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D.the ancient description of Mars' colour is true
4.What is the writer s attitude toward the idea that humans will set foot on Mars
A.He thinks it may happen in this year.
B.He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C.He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D.He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In today's world English has become a global language. Speaking or writing in English is a matter of global interest these days, for it is now a requirement for being able to communicate with the outer world. ①______________.
Enthusiasm(热情)
The first thing you need to have is an enthusiasm to reach your goal. The most important thing you have to have is emotional (情感的)devotion with your desire to learn English quickly. ②______________.
③______________.
You pass by a lot of things in English that you meet with in your day-to-day life. Things could include magazines, emails, posts on social media, websites, a piece of literary work(文学作品) or a newspaper. Read them because you never know what is waiting for you in there. You might find that a lot of things are already known to you but the content will surely be full of new vocabulary allowing you to improve faster.
Keep a note of the new words
④______________ It’s a bit more important that you keep a handy notebook with you and whenever you learn a new word or expression, write down the context along with the word. Use the word in a sentence and note the meaning, too. Sometimes you may find forgetting a certain word or phrase seems impossible. ⑤______________. So,to prevent this you need to keep visiting your pages and go through the notes you have made time and time again.
A. Don't just move on after reading
B. Read everything you may come across
C. Don't let yourself down if you face a difficulty
D. However, being a human being, you are built to forget
E. You won’t achieve success if you aren't enthusiastic enough
F. By following these tips you will improve the language quickly
G. Spend the most of your time in either listening or reading in English
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节,满分30分）
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was New Year time. We were travelling in a small truck 1 toys to the homeless. When we 2 the spot, something caught my eyes. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I realized that it was the home of a poor family. There were two 3 , both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there 4 .
As a little girl myself I was especially interested in the little girl. How 5 our lives were. She lived for the day, 6 through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about food. I had a good education and a 7 future. I looked at the little girl. The only 8 she had was the worn-out dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to 9 her a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the truck came to a stop, I stepped out, called the girl over and 10 the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with 11 and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw 12 in her eyes. I went back into the truck and we started to 13 off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running 14 . We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had 15 with us. She looked directly at me and said two simple words “Thank You”.
1.A.handing out B.handing in C.giving away D.giving back
2.A.left B.changed C.chose D.approached
3.A.boys B.children C.drivers D.adults
4.A.happily B.angrily C.hopefully D.helplessly
5.A.similar B.different C.difficult D.ordinary
6.A.searching B.getting C.running D.breaking
7.A.doubtful B.distant C.bright D.magical
8.A.present B.decoration C.requirement D.belongings
9.A.gift B.show C.recommend D.sell
10.A.tore B.placed C.dropped D.threw
11.A.anger B.pain C.surprise D.disappointment
12.A.hope B.fear C.anger D.astonishment
13.A.walk B.get C.lift D.drive
14.A.behind B.away C.out D.in
15.A.got along B.come along C.caught up D.turned up
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We may be very ①________ (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present ②________ (exam)systems which focus ③________ testing the students' memory instead of their④________ (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination ⑤________ will decide his future job. In fact a good examination system should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember ⑥________ is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often may be the⑦________ (good) in their studies. In addition, such ⑧________ examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the ⑨________ (come) examination.
There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as ⑩________ as their knowledge.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假如你是李华,最近收到了你的美国朋友John的来信。他在来信中说,他刚进高中,不能适应新的环境,不知道如何去结交新朋友,因而情绪低落。请根据以下内容给他写一封回信,回信应包括以下内容:
1.向John表示问候和安慰。2.针对他的问题提出以下建议:
(1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动;
(2)同学遇到麻烦时,要去帮助他们;
(3)自己遇到困难时要向他们求助。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数 应为150左右。
Last summer when my family was on the road to Montana, we arrived in Great Falls late one night. The kids had fallen asleep in the car, so my husband went and checked in while I stayed with the kids. When he returned with the room keys, we woke up our children and took them out of the car, through the hotel, up the elevators and into our guest room. We kept the room dark, leaving only the entry light on, and quickly put the kids into bed hoping they'd drift off to sleep.
My husband went to put our water in the mini-fridge only to notice some beers. "That's strange", he said and I agreed, but having discovered left-behind drinks in hotel fridges in the past I didn't think much about it. I figured the housekeepers had forgotten to check it. In the meantime, my husband ran to the store and I went into the bathroom to get ready for bed. As I washed my face. I looked down to see cardboard beer containers in the trash. I felt my heart begin to pound. We were in someone else's room!
Now panicked, I checked the closet. Nothing. I then went to the dresser drawers. Nothing. My eyes scanned the door room's floor and there it was: A black bag that looked like one of ours. But it wasn't!
I immediately called the front desk and the waitress in charge responded with an "Oh, my God! This is not good!"
By now the kids were wide-awake, jumping on the beds as I was trying to put all of our things back into our oversized suitcase. Just while we were packing our things, I heard someone unlocking the door, which made my heart beat wildly.
Paragraph 1:
The door opened and in came a young man.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I didn't know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress arrived out of breath.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight”和“on July 16 ... to tell you all about her adventures” 可知, 在7月16日博物馆的家庭日活动中,游客可以了解关于Earhart这名失踪的女飞行员的故事。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中列举的"发现月球日”活动:steer(驾驶) a robotic rover, examine meteorites(陨石),see the capsule (太空舱)和 view photos of the lunar surface可知,该活动会给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。
3.细节理解题。根据文章后半部分中的 "Family Day programmes are from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m. ”可知,家庭日的活动最晚下午3点结束。
B.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的作者家背后就是购物中心,晚上运货车有噪音可知,作者家周边很繁忙。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My mother had always been proud of teaching her children good values. ”可知,作者的母亲期待孩子们都能有良好的表现。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“She looked frightened at the possibility that her dog could be a criminal(罪犯)”可知, 她发现狗带回面包后感到很担忧,害怕真的是偷回来的。
4.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He headed to the bread shelf, took some bread and walked out. ”可知,作者亲眼看到自家的狗在商店偷了面包。
C.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。在美国,18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。人们认为旅鸽数量多,会永恒的供应,于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。19世纪末,美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽。在1897年,到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时,在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群。最后一批旅鸽,于1914年,在辛辛那提动物园死去。
考查细节理解。在18世纪和19世纪初期,旅鸽的数量怎么样 根据Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.可知在美国,18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。故选D。
2.考查词义猜测。划线单词undoing可能指的是旅鸽发生了什么情况 根据Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.可知人们认为旅鸽数量多会永恒的供应,于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。因此判断此处undoing的意思是死亡,毁灭。故选B。
3.考查细节理解。人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是什么 根据Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.可知商业猎人捕捉了大量的旅鸽,把他们卖到大城市的餐馆里,因此推测人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是为了赚钱。故选C。选项A的意思是寻开心。文中没有提到让人们高兴的内容,故不符合文章的意思。选项B,为了挽救其他鸟类。在文中没有提到其他鸟类,故不符合原文,故排除B项。选项D,为了保护庄稼。根据the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,可知美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽,而不是为了保护庄稼,故排除D项。
4.考查推理判断。关于密歇根州通过得法律我们可以推断出什么 根据In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.可知到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时,在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群,这可推断旅鸽数量已经很少了,因此这项法律通过得太晚了。故选B。
【长难句分析】It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.据估计,当数量达到最高点的时候,有三十多亿只旅鸽——占美国鸟类总量的百分之二十四到百分之四十,使它可能成为世界上数量最多的鸟类。该句为复合句。主干句含有句型It was calculated that...,意为“据估计……”;句中It是形式主语,后面that引导主语从句,从句是复合句结构,when引导时间状语从句。另外,a number...是同位语;making...是结果状语。
D.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.段落大意题,通读第二段可知,这一段主要介绍了人们关于火星的一些传统认识,故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段"Today, Mars continues to excite humans一not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information ...”可推断,现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said,‘It’s actually orangish more than red and it's also kind of brown,too. ”’可知,A项正确。
4.推理判断题。根据未段中的“a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes"可知,作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。
第二节
答案：FEBAD
解析：在当今世界,英语已经成 为一种全球性的语言,掌握英语已经是与外部世界交流的必要条件。作者给出了几点学习英语的建议。
1. F该段介绍英语应用越来越广泛,下文作者给出快速提高英语水平的三个方面的建议,由此可知F项“By following these tips you will improve the language quickly”(通过这些技巧,你将很快地提高语言水平。)承上启下,符合语境。
2. E根据本段的副标题和本段第一句“The first thing you need to have is an enthusiasm to reach your goal. ”“你需要做的第一件事就是实现目标的热情。”,可知,如果你没有足够的热情,你就不会取得成功。选E。
3. B本空是小标题。根据本段内容可知，在你的日常生活中,你会遇到杂志、电子邮件、网站、文学作品、报纸等,多阅读它们会给你更 丰富的词汇,助你更快提高英语水平。因此作者建议要阅读你所见过的—切。选B。
4. A本空后一句提到你学习一个新的单词或短语时,把上下文和这个词一起写下来,可知不要只是读过就放过了,要随身携带一本方便的笔记本。选A。
5. D本空后一句提到“因此,为了避免这种情况,你需要不断地复习笔记。”此处的“this”是指人生来就会健忘这件事。选D。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDBDB 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 CADAC
第二节
答案：1. pleased 2. examination 3. on4. ability 5. which/that6. what7. best8 an 9. coming10. well
解析： ①pleased表示人“感到高兴的”，符合句意。
②空前说的是progress“进步”，空后说的是不足“have almost done nothing to improve our present examination systems”。可见前后分句为转折关系，故填examination。
③focus on是一个短语，意为“集中于”，符合句意，故填on。
④their是一个形容词性物主代词，后面要接名词作宾语，故填ability。
⑤examination为先行词，后面的定语从句缺主语，故填which/that。
⑥remember为动词，后面是一个宾语从句。由于此从句缺主语，故填what。
⑦由空前的students可知这里指的是许多学生，因此要用最高级形式best。
⑧examination以元音音素开头，因此要用不定冠词an。
⑨coming是一个形容词，意为“即将到来的”，符合句意。
⑩as well as是一个介词短语，意为“和，以及”，符合句意。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear John,
I am really sorry to hear that you feel bad after entering high school. I'd like to talk about it with you.
In fact, in your high school, your classmates are also new students and facing the same problem, so you don't have to worry too much about it. There is also something that you can do to change this situation. First, try to invite some of your classmates to take part in some activities together after school. This will help you understand each other better. Then, help your classmates when they are in trouble and turn to them for help when you have difficulty.
I believe you will make many new friends and have a happy school life there.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
The door opened and in came a young man. After seeing us packing our things into our suitcase, he was shocked and angry. I tried to explain what had happened. However, he wouldn't listen to me. He talked with me in a loud voice, making my kids frightened. The kids began to cry. Just at that time my husband returned, with some things bought from the store in his hands. Thinking the young man was unfriendly, he started to quarrel with him.
Paragraph 2:
I didn't know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress arrived out of breath. Watching the waitress, all of us stopped talking. She explained that her mother became badly ill last night, which contributed to her fault. After explaining the reason to us, the waitress burst into tears. The young man, my husband and I, even my kids, tried to comfort the waitress. We said sorry to each other. The special experience in someone else's room made me realize forgiveness is a kind of virtue.
解析： 根据所给材料可知，作者一家人旅途中去宾馆住宿，但却发现服务员把他们带进了别人的房间。根据续写部分第一段所给出的开头语可以判断，"a young man"是登记入住这个房间的人；根据续写部分第二段中的"but luckily the waitress"可知，服务员恰当地处理了这件事。因此续写部分要抓住两个关键点：年轻人回到自己的房间却发现里面有陌生人，他们会面的场景会是怎样的？服务员又是怎样处理这件事的？因此学生在构思时应将重点放在怎样让故事衔接得更自然、更流畅。
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