译林版（2020） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 The Universal Language Grammar and usage 课件-（38张ppt）

(共38张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
Unit 2 The universal language
Verb-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作且通常放在句首。
Verb-ing形式可以用作某些动词或介词的宾语。
Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
动名词形式作主语和宾语
(1)Learning new words is very important for me.
(2)Chatting with them improves our minds.
Verb-ing形式作主语
1.直接置于句首
-ing形式作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。
学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
和他们聊天增长我们的见识。
2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语Verb-ing形式移至句末。
(1) It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.
(2) It’s worth making the effort.
(3) It is pleasant working with you.
和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
这事值得努力去做。
跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
① I dislike eating fat meat
② Do you enjoy teaching
我不喜欢吃肥肉。
你喜欢教书吗？
③ I couldn't help laughing.
我忍不住笑了。
1. Verb-ing形式可以用作动词的宾语，常见的动词(短语)有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, risk等。
Verb-ing形式作宾语
① Do you like reading
I like to read detective stories.
② I hate asking favors.
He would hate to disappoint you.
你喜欢看书吗？
我不愿意求人帮忙。
我喜欢看侦探小说。
他不愿意让你失望。
2、有些动词后可接Verb-ing或to do作宾语，且语义相差不大。这类动词有: begin, love, like, continue, hate, propose, prefer等。
Example: forget regret remember
mean try stop …
3、有些动词后既可以使用Verb-ing形式又可以使用to do，但语义有区别。
forget doing sth 忘记曾经做过某事(动作已发生)
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事(动作并未发生)
a. I will never forget hearing her singing that song.
b. I have forgotten to bring my umbrella.
我将不会忘记听过她唱那支歌的情景。
我忘了带伞。
a. I remember seeing you somewhere in London.
b. Do you remember to post the letter
remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）
remember to do sth 记住去做某事（动作还没有发生）
我记得在伦敦什么地方见到过你。
你记住寄这封信了吗
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(事情已经做过)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(事情正要做或还未做)
a. I regret lending him so much money because he never paid me back.
b. I regret to tell you that you failed the test.
我很后悔借给他那么多钱，因为他从来没有还过我。
我遗憾的告诉你，你没有通过考试。
a. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.
b. I’m feeling very guilty - I've been meaning to call my parents for days, but still haven't got around to it.
mean doing sth 意味着……
mean to do sth 打算做某事
错过那趟巴士意味着就要再等一个小时。
我感到非常内疚——几天来我一直打算给父母打电话，但
还是没机会打。
a. Why not try doing it in some other way
b. I tried to solve the problem but I couldn’t.
try doing sth 试着做某事
try to do sth 尽力去做某事
为什么不用其他办法试一试呢？
我努力解答那个题，但我解不出。
stop doing sth 停止做某事
stop to do sth 停下来正在做的事情去做另外一件事
a. Please stop talking aloud.
b. They stopped to take photos.
请不要大声说话。
他们停下来去拍照。
go on doing sth 继续（原先没有做完的事）go on to do sth 继而（去做另外一件事）
a. It’s raining hard, but the farmers go on working on the farm.
b. After reading the text, the students went on to do the
exercises.
虽然天正下着大雨，但农民们继续在农场干活。
学生们读完课文后，接着做练习。
a. She can’t help smiling.
b. He can’t help to do housework, for he is busy.
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事
她禁不住笑了起来。
他由于忙不能帮助干家务。
① She insisted on writing at once.
② They objected to leaving the motel.
她坚持马上就写。
他们反对离开这家汽车旅馆。
③ I don't feel like going to the movie.
我不想去看电影。
4. Verb-ing形式可作介词宾语，常见的介词短语有devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, insist on, put off, feel like, waste/ spend…(in) doing sth., have trouble /difficulty (in) doing sth.等。
Verb-ing形式的被动形式
Verb-ing形式作主语或宾语时可以有被动形式。
① Being praised by the teacher makes me happy.
② Jack escaped being hit by a car.
被老师表扬我很高兴。
杰克没有被车撞到。
No smoking
No parking
No swimming
=No smoking is allowed (here).
V-ing用于布告形式
的省略结构中。
动名词常用于简短的禁令中:
书面的或印刷的通告或公告
V-ing形式的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的V-ing称为V-ing的复合结构。
当V-ing的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在
V-ing之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这样便构成了V-ing的复合结构。其中，物主代词和名词所有格就是逻辑上的主语，V-ing是逻辑上的谓语。
being late made my teacher angry.
迟到使得老师很生气。
My
我
Examples:
Do you mind my closing the window
close the window
关窗户这个动作的逻辑主语是我
What I need now is his apologizing to me.
= His apologizing to me is what I need now.
apologize to me的逻辑主语是他
Explore the rules
The story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi
俞伯牙与钟子期是一对千古传诵的至交典范。伯牙善于演奏，钟子期善于欣赏。这就是“知音”一词的由来。后钟子期因病亡故，伯牙悲痛万分，认为世上再无知音，天下再不会有人像钟子期一样能体会他演奏的意境。所以就“破琴绝弦”，把自己最心爱的琴摔碎，终生不再弹琴了。
Some classical Chinese musics
White Snow In Sunny Spring《阳春白雪》
High Mountains And Flowing Water 《高山流水》
A Music From Guangling 《广陵散》
高山流水
https://music./song id=1893891522&userid=305156361
1 对…评价高
2 山脉
3 打算做某事
4 厌倦(做)某事
5 分路而行;分手;分道扬镳
6 如约赶到；出现；露面
7 悲痛欲绝;痛苦不堪
8 做某事是没用的
think highly / a lot of
intend to do sth
go one’s separate ways
show up
be overcome with sorrow
Important words & phrases (P20)
mountain ranges
be / get tired of (doing)sth
It is no use doing sth
Fill in the following table.
When in China’s (1) ________________________________________
Who Boya, (2) ____________________
Zhong Ziqi, Boya’s audience and friend
What happened Boya played the qin very well, but he believed no one could
(3) ___________________ until he met Zhong Ziqi.
Zhong was able to paint the picture in Boya’s piece of music: (4) ____________________________________.
They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.
(5) ___________________ because Zhong Ziqi, the only person that could understand his music was gone.
Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods
a master of the qin
understand his music
High Mountains and Flowing Water
Boya destroyed his qin
Exploring the rules
In China’s Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there lived a man named Boya, who was a master of the qin. Playing the qin was his life. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. However, Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Zigi. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year. However, Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day. When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqi’s death, he was overcome with sorrow. He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqi’s grave. After he finished playing the piece, he destroyed the qin and said, “Since the only person that understands my music is gone, it’s no use keeping the qin.”
Exploring the rules
Verb-ing forms as subjects
Verb-ing forms as objects
Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, ...
..., it’s no use keeping the qin.
Playing the qin was his life.
... everyone enjoyed listening...
Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, ...
When Boya continued playing, ...
..., who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
... before going their separate ways, ...
After he finished playing the piece, ...
Working out the rules
When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence, we can sometimes use the preparatory subject it at the beginning of the sentence.
The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a (1)_______________ or a (2)_______________.
preposition
verb
It belongs to the classical Chinese music.
Many foreigners enjoy and understand it.
High mountains and flowing water
主语
代词
总结：____词和____词可以做主语、宾语
宾语
名词
主语
名词
宾语
代词
名
代
Showing qin in front of the foreigners made us very proud.
Many foreigners are interested in playing qin.
High mountains and flowing water
总结：_________________可以做主语和宾语
主语
宾语
v-ing（动名词）
总结：
Fill the blanks
1.Listening to Boya's music __________(be) a kind of enjoyment.
2.Playing qin _________(be) his life.
3.__________(listen) to Boya’s music was worthwhile.
was
Listening
was
It is worthwhile doing... 做......是值得的
It is ________/_________ doing... 做......无用的
It is __________ doing ... 做......是没有好处的
It is __________________ ... 做......是浪费时间的
There is no point (in) doing... ________________
Before Boya met Ziqi
Explore the rules
It was worthwhile listening to Boya’s music.
1.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用___数.
2.v-ing在句中做主语时，有时可以用形式主语____代替
单
it
no use useless
no good
a waste of time
做......没有意义
1.Boya didn’t say anything before playing the qin, yet ...
2.When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said ...
3.In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece …
4.From then on, Boya never got tired of sharing his music.
confidant(知己)
动词：like, enjoy, avoid,consider,advise,suggest,mind,keep等
介词：by, after等
短语：be capable of doing， get down to doing， have trouble in doing， be used to doing, be busy doing等
When Boya met Ziqi
Explore the rules
总结：
v-ing 跟在____，_____和_________之后做宾语，如continue，before，get tired of等
动词
介词
短语
Chinese zither
古筝
bamboo flute
竹笛
1. Boya was curious about ___________________ as expected.
2. _________________________made Boya very sad.
3. _____________________ with sorrow made him destroy his qin.
4. People was shocked by ___________________his qin.
Boya’s being overcome
总结：
his destroying ; Zhong ziqi’s passing away;
Ziqi’s not showing up; Boya’s being overcome;
Ziqi’s not showing up
his destroying
Zhong ziqi’s passing away
2.v-ing的否定为_____________
3.v-ing的被动语态为______________，被动否定为 __________
I’m looking forward to _________________
(play) the piano. However, ______________ (succeed) in watching the concert made me upset because of _______________(delay) by the traffic.
After Ziqi’s death
Explore the rules
1._______________是动名词的复合结构,此时的动名词有自己的逻辑主语
one’s doing
not doing
being done
not being done
Lang lang’s playing
not succeeding
my being delayed
Before Boya met Ziqi
1.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数.
2.v-ing在剧中做主语时，有时可以用形式主语it代替
3.v-ing 跟在动词，介词和介词短语之后做宾语
4.名词所有格+v-ing是动名词的复合结构,此时的动名词有自己的逻辑主语
5.v-ing的否定为not+v-ing
6.v-ing的被动语态为being done，被动否定为 not being done
Explore the rules
After Ziqi’s death
When Boya met Ziqi
Applying the rules
B1
Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks.
1. Listen to music is my favourite thing to do. ___________
2. I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians. ___________
3. It’s no use try to play the violin if you’re not going to give it your best shot. ___________
4. Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar ___________
5. These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music. ___________
Listening
reading
trying
teaching
playing
不定式作主语表示具体的，一次性或将要发生的动作
动名词表示泛指或一般的概念，或经常性，习惯性，抽象性发生的动作。
Applying the rules
B2
Below is an article about the music sent into plete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space, what music do you think is capable of (1) ___________ (represent) mankind The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question. In 1977, two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out (2) __________ (explore) the solar system. On both spacecraft, there is a selection of music from our planet. (3) _______ (send) music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, who believed intelligent life existed on other planets. The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any). A group of scientists and artists got down to (4)___________ (choose) suitable music. Of course, they had
representing
to explore
Sending
choosing
Applying the rules
trouble (5)__________ (select) which pieces of music to include. In the end, 27 different pieces of music (6)________ (last) 90 minutes were put on the spacecraft. China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu (7)_______ (play) an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin. It is said that Boya wrote it.
It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft (8)_________ (enter) the space between the stars. We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.
B2
Below is an article about the music sent into plete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
selecting
lasting
playing
to enter
Thank you!
Having a discussion
For example:
1.Holding music festival will give the public more chances to appreciate traditional Chinese music.
2.We can make more foreigners know traditional Chinese music by...
3. ...
How can we make our traditional Chinese music known by more foreigners
competition
media
education
Applying the rules
B3
In pairs, discuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience. Make a list of measures, using verb-ing forms as subjects or objects. Use the example below to help you.
Example
Holding music festivals will give the public more chances to appreciate Chinese.
Applying the rules
B3
In pairs, discuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience. Make a list of measures, using verb-ing forms as subjects or objects. Use the example below to help you.
Organizing traditional music tours around the country might give people more access to traditional Chinese music.
Encouraging students to learn how to play traditional Chinese musical instruments can increase appreciation of the music.
The media companies can contribute by making more documentary films or TV programmes to promote traditional Chinese music.
People might benefit from having traditional Chinese music competitions locally or countrywide.
Chinese music communities could suggest starting more websites about traditional music.
Sample answer