2023届高考英语高频词汇阅读加强练（含答案）

2023高考英语高频词汇阅读加强练
目录 内容
专题一 词汇精细化讲解
专题二 词汇应用于句式
专题三 阅读专项练习
1：injure vt.伤害;损害
(1)injure sb./oneself (尤指在事故中)伤害;使受伤
(2)injured adj.受伤的;有伤的　the injured 伤者
(3)injury n.受伤;伤害
辨析　injure/wound/harm/hurt
injure 主要指在事故、比赛中受伤。其名词形式injury可指平时的大小创伤或伤害
wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,特指战场上或打斗中受的伤
harm 作及物动词时,表示“对……有害”,特指伤及一个人的心情、健康、权利、事业等。另外它也是不可数名词,意为“损害、伤害”,构成固定短语 “do/cause harm to”
hurt 为一般用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上的伤害
2：normal adj.正常的;一般的 n.通常标准;一般水平
(1)It's normal to do...做……是正常的
return/come back to normal恢复正常 above/below normal标准以上/下
in the normal way按通常情况
(2)abnormal adj.反常的
normally adv.正常地
3：stress n.压力;重音 v.使紧张;强调
(1)stress v.使紧张;强调
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(2)stress n.压力;重音
under stress在压力之下 lay/put/place stress on强调;把重点放在……上
(3)stressed adj.焦虑不安;受压的
stressful adj.压力重的;紧张的
4： condition n.状况;条件,环境(复数)
on condition that 倘若;如果;在……条件下
on no condition 决不;一点也不
in good/excellent condition 处于良好的/极佳的状态
out of condition 身体不适
5： determined adj.坚定的;毅然的
(1)determine v.决定;确定
determine to do sth. 决定做某事 determine one's future 决定某人的未来
(2)determined adj.坚决的;有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 a determined person 一个有决心的人
(3)determination n.决心 a person with determination一个有决心的人
6： appoint v.任命;委派;约定
(1)appoint sb. (as/to be)...任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n.任命;约会
have/make an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会/预约
make an appointment for预约……
7： typical adj.典型的;代表性的
(1)It is typical of sb. to do sth.某人一向做某事。
a typical example 一个典型例子 a typical character 一个典型人物
(2)typically adv.典型地;有代表性地;通常
(3)type n.类型;种类　v.打字
a new type of computer 一种新型电脑 blood type血型
8： aside adv.在一旁;在一边
set aside 把……放到一旁;为……节省或保留(钱或时间);暂时不考虑
put aside 储存;留出
leave aside不予考虑;搁置一边
aside from除……外
9：accustomed adj.习惯的;通常的
(1)be accustomed to (doing)sth. =be used to (doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/become accustomed to(doing)sth.=get/become used to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
(2)accustom vt.使习惯于accustom oneself/sb. to(doing)sth.使……习惯于(做)某事
10： consult v.咨询;请教
(1)consult sb. 咨询某人
consult with sb. 同某人商量, 与某人协商
consult sb. about sth. 就某事向某人征求意见;向某人请教某事
(2)consultant n.顾问
选词填空(injure,harm,hurt,wound)
Two men were severely　　　when trying to save a 5-year-old girl from the burning house.
Don't　　　　　　your eyes by reading in bed.
What really　　　me was that he ignored me on purpose.
About 50 people were seriously　　　in the attack.
A week ago, Zhou Kai　　　　　　　(injury) his arm.
We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent 　(injure).
During the training march, he had his left leg slightly 　　　　　　　(injure).
Due to global warming, by the end of this century the average global temperature will be 3.5℃　　　　　　　 normal.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they 　　　　　　　(normal) would.
Don't think the child's behavior is 　　　　　　　(normal);he just has a lot of energy.
But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress 　　　　　　　the ankles and hips.
If you feel 　　　　　　　(stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of greater and less importance.
The　　　　　　　(stress)study makes me feel　　　　　　　(stress), so I am　　　　　　　great stress.
Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded 　　　　　　　(condition).
I don't care about the price, so long as the car is 　　　　　　　good condition.
I'll lend you my bicycle 　　　　　　　condition that you can return it tomorrow.
Write a poem about how courage, 　　　　　　　(determine), and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
Though Tom was stubborn, they determined 　　　　　　　(persuade)him.
Some people try to knock me down, only to make me more 　　　　　(determine) to do better.
But St Mary 　　　　　(appoint) a captain who was not a typical basketball player.
Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment 　　　　　　　next Wednesday afternoon.
They appointed Tom　　　　　　　captain of the American team.
I have made an appointment　　　　　　　Doctor White.
But St Mary had appointed a captain who was not a 　　　　(type) basketball player.
Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical 　　　　　　　American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other.
(type), you should take all of the information that you gather and store it in a database.
The manager told her to have the letter 　　　　　　　(type) immediately.
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed 　　　　　　　the idea of space travel.
They find themselves working to support the lifestyle　　　　　　　which they have so quickly become accustomed.
As we all know, English people are accustomed to 　　　　　　　(drive) on the left.
He is a foreigner and he is not accustomed to　　　　　　　(treat)like that while he is in China.
用consult, refer to, look up的适当形式填空
Suppose you have no idea how to use the washing machine, you can　　　(查阅) the directions.
No matter how healthy you may be, you need to　　　　　　　(咨询)a doctor from time to time.
I often 　　　　　　　(查阅)the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
（A）
If you're looking for natural, chemical-free ways to clean your home, look no further than the fruit bowl on your kitchen counter. 1． Here are ways a lemon can help you to clean your entire house.
A common use of lemon is cleaning your cutting boards. Because it's the place where you prepare your family’s dinner, you probably don't want to wash a cutting board with anything other than the most natural materials. 2． To remove stains from wood or plastic cutting boards cut a lemon in half and squeeze the juice onto the board. Rub the juice in with the lemon half, and then let sit for 20 minutes. 3．
Lemon can also help clean stained food containers. If you have a cupboard full of discolored plastic containers, let a lemon work its stain-fighting magic. Squeeze lemon juice onto the stained plastic and rub with the cut side of the lemon. 4． Stubborn sauce stains will disappear.
Lemon can be used as a degreaser（除油器）on almost any hard surface besides bine the mixture of fresh lemon juice and baking soda in a spray bottle and shake well. The lemon fights stain, and destroys bacteria, while the soda acts as a gently rubbing agent.
5． Add stained clothing to a pot of water with a few lemon slices, and then boil for a few minutes. In this way you can freshen up the appearance of white clothes and towels.
A．You may just add a little more lemon juice.
B．Lemons have a surprising amount of cleaning power.
C．Another use of lemon is getting white clothes brighter.
D．Then, let the containers dry in the sun and wash normally.
E.Seize a lemon and then reach for the chemical-filled cleaning sprays.
F.Luckily, that lemon you use in the recipe can double as a board cleaner.
G.The lemon acid will work on the stains, exposing a fresh, clean cutting board.
（B）
Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances. While it's true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills, most coaches and trainers will advise some level of strength training as well. Focusing on your core is a common suggestion. A recent study seems to back this up. In the Journal of Biomechanics, researchers investigated a symptom that has long confused runners from beginners to experienced ones. A good number of runners, 14 percent to be exact, experience gradual lower back pain. The results of the new study seem to suggest that weak deep core muscles might be to blame. When these muscles aren't strong enough, the study found, muscles on other areas of the body kick in to keep the runner up-right, eventually leading to back pain.
To understand the role that these muscles play, the researchers had eight volunteers with minimal running experience run along an indoor track. High-speed cameras and 3D motion detectors analyzed which muscles moved, and how much. Once they created a working computer model for each runner, the scientists imitated what would happen if certain deep muscles were weaker, or shut off completely. As it turns out, when a person can't use their deep core muscles very well, their bodies still want (and need) to maintain a good running form, and uses surface muscles to do so.
What's wrong with that A muscle is a muscle, right Not exactly. While the surface muscles are often targeted at workouts—they give you a six-pack (六块腹肌), after all—they are pretty useless when it comes to supporting your spine (脊柱). The deeper core muscles, which essentially lie beneath and can't be seen from the outside, do all the heavy spinal lifting.
It's important to note that even if you've made these muscles super strong, you won't likely notice visible results. But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain. Perhaps throwing a nice long plank may work.
1.Why do most new runners want to run farther and faster
A.Because they think it can improve running skills.
B.Because some coaches and trainers advise them to do so.
C.Because a recent study proves it to be helpful.
D.Because it's a kind of useful strength training.
2.What does the new study show us when people do the running
A.14 percent of the runners have weak muscles.
B.The muscles on other areas lead to back pain.
C.Strong deep core muscles can prevent back pain.
D.The beginning runners usually have weak core muscles.
3.What happens when people do the running
A.A working computer model can be created.
B.Certain deep muscles become weaker.
C.They use both deep and surface muscles.
D.Deep core muscles probably function first.
4.What can we infer from the text
A.Doing a long plank can benefit the runners.
B.The spine is supported by the deep muscles.
C.Training the six-pack is useless.
D.Super strong muscles can't be seen.
词汇填空
injured　harm　hurt　wound injured　injury　injured
above　normally　abnormal
on　stressed　stressful;stressed;under
conditions　in　on
determination　Determining　to persuade determined
had appointed　for　as　with
typical　of　Typically　typed
to　to　driving　being treated
refer to　consult　look up　consult with
阅读理解
1．根据划线前句“If you're looking for natural, chemical-free ways to clean your home, look no further than the fruit bowl on your kitchen counter.”（如果你正在寻找天然、无化学物质的方法来打扫你的家，看看你厨房柜台上的水果盘就知道了。）以及划线后句“Here are ways a lemon can help you to clean your entire house.”（这里有一些柠檬可以帮助你清洁整个房子的方法。）可知，前句在强调水果可以作为日常洗护的工具。后句在强调柠檬是一个不错的选择。因此B项“柠檬有惊人的清洁能力。”在此启承上启下的作用。B项切题。故选B项。
2．根据划线后句“Because it's the place where you prepare your family's dinner, you probably don't want to wash a cutting board with anything other than the most natural materials.”（因为这是你为家人准备晚餐的地方，你可能不想用任何天然材料以外的东西来清洗切菜板。）可知，因为切菜板是用来给家人准备晚餐的地方，所以不能用非天然的材料来清洗它。由此下文F项“幸运的是，你在食谱中使用的柠檬可以同时用作板清洁器。”表示柠檬用作清洁器是不错的选择。同时根据后文使用柠檬的方法可知，此处的F项切题。故选F项。
3．根据划线前句“Rub the juice in with the lemon half, and then let sit for 20 minutes.”（用柠檬汁擦完菜板后，将菜板静置20分钟。）可知，G项“柠檬酸会对污渍起作用，露出新鲜干净的砧板。”强调用柠檬汁擦菜板后的效果。G项切题。故选G项。
4．根据划线前句“Squeeze lemon juice onto the stained plastic and rub with the cut side of the lemon.”（将柠檬汁挤到沾有污渍的塑料上，然后用柠檬的切面擦拭。）可知，这是用柠檬除去塑料污渍的第一步。故D项“然后，让容器在阳光下干燥并正常洗涤。”和前句构成递进关系。D项是去除污渍的第二步。D项切题。故选D项。
5．根据划线后的内容“Add stained clothing to a pot of water with a few lemon slices, and then boil for a few minutes. In this way you can freshen up the appearance of white clothes and towels.”（将沾有污渍的衣服加到有几片柠檬片的水中，然后煮沸几分钟。这样，您可以使白色衣服和毛巾的外观焕然一新。）可知，此处强调柠檬对洗白色衣服有效果。因此C项“柠檬的另一个用途是使白色的衣服更亮。”在此作为统领下文的作用，为本段的主题句。C项切题。故选C项。
1.A　根据第一段中Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances. While it's true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills...可知,大多数新跑步者认为,要提高跑步技能,最好的方法是跑步速度更快、距离更远。 故选A项。
2.C　根据第一段“The results of the new study...eventually leading to back pain.(这项新研究的结果似乎表明,脆弱的深层核心肌肉可能是罪魁祸首。 研究发现,当这些肌肉不够强壮时,身体其他部位的肌肉会起作用使跑步者保持向上的姿势,最终导致背部疼痛)”可以推断,这项新的研究表明,跑步者背部疼痛是因为深层核心肌肉太弱。如果深层核心肌肉强壮,就能够预防跑步时背部疼痛。故选C项。
3.D　根据第三段中的描述:虽然在锻炼中人们看到的是表层肌肉,但是当涉及支撑你的脊柱时,表层肌肉是无用的。 更深层的核心肌肉负责所有的繁重的脊椎挺立的任务。因此可以推断,跑步时先起到作用的可能是深层核心肌肉。故选D项。
4.A　根据第四段中But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain. Perhaps throwing a nice long plank may work.可知,作者认为做平板支撑对跑步者有好处,可以提高深层的核心肌肉力量,能够帮助你跑得更好,有助于预防背部疼痛。由此判断出平板支撑使跑步者受益。 故选A项。
专题一 词汇精细化讲解
专题二 词汇应用于句式
专题三 阅读专项练习
参考答案